Investment Securities

Our investment securities portfolio consists of obligations of state and political subdivisions, corporate bonds, U.S. government agency securities, including residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) issued or guaranteed by Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), or Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), debentures issued by government-sponsored agencies such as FNMA, Federal Farm Credit Bureau, FHLB and FHLMC, as well as privately issued CMOs, as reflected in the following table:



	March 31, 2018									December 31, 2017
	Amortized		Fair		Gross Unrealized					Amortized		Fair		Gross Unrealized
(in thousands)	Cost		Value		Gains		(Losses)			Cost		Value		Gains		(Losses)
Held-to-maturity:
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	19,599	$	19,857	$	278	$	(20	)	$	19,646	$	19,998	$	383	$	(31	)
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA	97,222		94,735		12		(2,499		)	100,376		100,096		234		(514		)
CMOs issued by FHLMC	32,192		31,226		1		(967		)	31,010		30,938		2		(74		)
Total held-to-maturity	149,013		145,818		291		(3,486		)	151,032		151,032		619		(619		)
Available-for-sale:
Securities of U.S. government agencies:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA	93,915		92,029		22		(1,908		)	65,559		65,262		126		(423		)
SBA-backed securities	33,809		33,538		8		(279		)	25,979		25,982		58		(55		)
CMOs issued by FNMA	34,210		33,613		9		(606		)	35,340		35,125		33		(248		)
CMOs issued by FHLMC	123,007		120,374		60		(2,693		)	70,514		69,889		3		(628		)
CMOs issued by GNMA	17,173		16,650		5		(528		)	17,953		17,785		26		(194		)
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies	27,446		27,336		6		(116		)	12,940		12,938		3		(5		)
Privately issued CMOs	1,389		1,390		3		(2		)	1,432		1,431		1		(2		)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	95,395		93,414		99		(2,080		)	98,027		97,491		298		(834		)
Corporate bonds	5,527		5,538		27		(16		)	6,541		6,564		26		(3		)
Total available-for-sale	431,871		423,882		239		(8,228		)	334,285		332,467		574		(2,392		)
Total investment securities	$	580,884	$	569,700	$	530	$	(11,714	)	$	485,317	$	483,499	$	1,193	$	(3,011	)

The amortized cost and fair value of investment debt securities by contractual maturity at March 31, 2018 are shown in the following table. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if the issuers of the securities have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.



	March 31, 2018								December 31, 2017
	Held-to-Maturity				Available-for-Sale				Held-to-Maturity				Available-for-Sale
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within one year	$	3,230	$	3,256	$	10,291	$	10,281	$	2,151	$	2,172	$	10,268	$	10,272
After one but within five years	14,458		14,599		77,606		76,619		15,577		15,791		71,576		71,237
After five years through ten years	53,048		51,589		225,526		220,904		54,641		54,554		129,723		128,954
After ten years	78,277		76,374		118,448		116,078		78,663		78,515		122,718		122,004
Total	$	149,013	$	145,818	$	431,871	$	423,882	$	151,032	$	151,032	$	334,285	$	332,467

Pledged investment securities are shown in the following table:



(in thousands)	March 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Pledged to the State of California:
Secure public deposits in compliance with the Local Agency Security Program	$	102,738	$	107,829
Collateral for trust deposits	754		761
Total investment securities pledged to the State of California	$	103,492	$	108,590
Collateral for Wealth Management and Trust Services ("WMTS") checking account	$	2,018	$	2,026

As part of our ongoing review of our investment securities portfolio, we reassessed the classification of certain MBS pass-through and CMOs securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA. During 2017, we transferred $129 million of these securities, which we intend and have the ability to hold to maturity, from available-for-sale securities to held-to-maturity at fair value. The net unrealized pre-tax loss of $3.0 million at the date of transfer remained in accumulated other comprehensive income and are amortized over the remaining lives of the securities. Amortization of the net unrealized pre-tax losses totaled $136 thousand and $41 thousand in the first quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Other-Than-Temporarily Impaired ("OTTI") Debt Securities

We have evaluated the credit of our investment securities and their issuers and/or insurers. Based on our evaluation, Management has determined that no investment security in our investment portfolio is other-than-temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2018. We do not have the intent and it is more likely than not that we will not have to sell the remaining securities temporarily impaired at March 31, 2018 before recovery of the amortized cost basis.

There were 258 and 198 investment securities in unrealized loss positions at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Those securities are summarized and classified according to the duration of the loss period in the following tables:



March 31, 2018	< 12 continuous months					≥ 12 continuous months					Total securities in a loss position
(in thousands)	Fair value		Unrealized loss			Fair value		Unrealized loss			Fair value		Unrealized loss
Held-to-maturity:
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	3,636	$	(20	)	$	—	$	—		$	3,636	$	(20	)
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA	22,570		(611		)	69,808		(1,888		)	92,378		(2,499		)
CMOs issued by FHLMC	16,571		(445		)	12,667		(522		)	29,238		(967		)
Total held-to-maturity	42,777		(1,076		)	82,475		(2,410		)	125,252		(3,486		)
Available-for-sale:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA	71,449		(1,314		)	18,895		(594		)	90,344		(1,908		)
SBA-backed securities	24,816		(277		)	165		(2		)	24,981		(279		)
CMOs issued by FNMA	28,289		(473		)	5,061		(133		)	33,350		(606		)
CMOs issued by FHLMC	107,801		(2,693		)	—		—			107,801		(2,693		)
CMOs issued by GNMA	15,955		(528		)	—		—			15,955		(528		)
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies	12,330		(116		)	—		—			12,330		(116		)
Privately issued CMOs	862		(2		)	—		—			862		(2		)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	63,831		(920		)	18,880		(1,160		)	82,711		(2,080		)
Corporate bonds	4,032		(16		)	—		—			4,032		(16		)
Total available-for-sale	329,365		(6,339		)	43,001		(1,889		)	372,366		(8,228		)
Total temporarily impaired securities	$	372,142	$	(7,415	)	$	125,476	$	(4,299	)	$	497,618	$	(11,714	)



December 31, 2017	< 12 continuous months					≥ 12 continuous months					Total securities in a loss position
(in thousands)	Fair value		Unrealized loss			Fair value		Unrealized loss			Fair value		Unrealized loss
Held-to-maturity:
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	3,648	$	(31	)	$	—	$	—		$	3,648	$	(31	)
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA	$	16,337	$	(143	)	$	46,845	$	(371	)	$	63,182	$	(514	)
CMOs issued by FHLMC	11,066		(31		)	13,824		(43		)	24,890		(74		)
Total held-to-maturity	31,051		(205		)	60,669		(414		)	91,720		(619		)
Available-for-sale:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA	32,189		(121		)	15,325		(302		)	47,514		(423		)
SBA-backed securities	11,028		(53		)	165		(2		)	11,193		(55		)
CMOs issued by FNMA	26,401		(171		)	5,440		(77		)	31,841		(248		)
CMOs issued by FHLMC	69,276		(628		)	—		—			69,276		(628		)
CMOs issued by GNMA	14,230		(194		)	—		—			14,230		(194		)
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies	2,984		(5		)	—		—			2,984		(5		)
Privately issued CMO's	1,310		(2		)	—		—			1,310		(2		)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	52,197		(288		)	19,548		(546		)	71,745		(834		)
Corporate bonds	3,060		(3		)	—		—			3,060		(3		)
Total available-for-sale	212,675		(1,465		)	40,478		(927		)	253,153		(2,392		)
Total temporarily impaired securities	$	243,726	$	(1,670	)	$	101,147	$	(1,341	)	$	344,873	$	(3,011	)

As of March 31, 2018, sixty-one investment securities in our portfolio had been in a continuous loss position for twelve months or more. They consisted of one SBA-backed security, four CMOs issued by FHLMC, three CMOs issued by FNMA, twenty-one agency MBS securities and thirty-two obligations of U.S. state and political subdivisions securities. We have evaluated the securities and believe that the decline in fair value is primarily driven by factors other than credit. It is probable that we will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms and no other-than-temporary impairment exists on these securities. The debenture of government-sponsored agency security is supported by the U.S. Federal Government, which protects us from credit losses. Based upon our assessment of the credit fundamentals, we concluded that these securities were not other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2018.

There were one hundred ninety-seven investment securities in our portfolio that had been in temporary loss positions for less than twelve months as of March 31, 2018, and their temporary loss positions mainly arose from changes in interest rates since purchase. They consisted of seven SBA-backed securities, five debentures of a U.S. government-sponsored agency, one hundred one obligations of U.S. state and political subdivisions, thirty-four MBS securities, forty-three CMOs issued by government-sponsored agencies, one privately issued CMO and six corporate bonds. Securities of government-sponsored agencies are supported by the U.S. Federal Government, which protects us from credit losses. Other temporarily impaired securities are deemed creditworthy after internal analysis of the issuers' latest financial information and credit enhancement. Additionally, all are rated as investment grade by at least one major rating agency. As a result of this impairment analysis, we concluded that these securities were not other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2018.

Non-Marketable Securities

As a member of the FHLB, we are required to maintain a minimum investment in FHLB capital stock determined by the Board of Directors of the FHLB. The minimum investment requirements can increase in the event we increase our total asset size or borrowings with the FHLB. Shares cannot be purchased or sold except between the FHLB and its members at the $100 per share par value. We held $11.1 million of FHLB stock recorded at cost in other assets on the consolidated statements of condition at both March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The carrying amounts of these investments are reasonable estimates of fair value because the securities are restricted to member banks and they do not have a readily determinable market value. Management does not believe that the FHLB stock is other-than-temporarily-impaired, due to FHLB's current financial condition. On April 26, 2018, FHLB announced a cash dividend to be distributed in mid-May 2018 at an annualized dividend rate of 7.00%. Cash dividends paid on FHLB capital stock are recorded as non-interest income.

As a member bank of Visa U.S.A., we hold 16,939 shares of Visa Inc. Class B common stock with a carrying value of zero, which is equal to our cost basis. These shares are restricted from resale until their conversion into Class A (voting) shares upon the termination of Visa Inc.'s Covered Litigation escrow account. As a result of the restriction, these shares are not considered available-for-sale and are not carried at fair value. When converting this Class B common stock to Class A common stock based on the conversion rate of 1.6483 and the closing stock price of Class A shares, the value of our shares of Class B common stock would have been $3.3 million and $3.2 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The conversion rate is subject to further reduction upon the final settlement of the covered litigation against Visa Inc. and its member banks. As such, the fair value of these Class B shares can differ significantly from their if-converted values. For further information, see Note 8, Commitments and Contingencies.

We invest in low-income housing tax credit funds as a limited partner, which totaled $5.0 million and $2.1 million recorded in other assets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. In the first three months of 2018, we recognized $110 thousand of low-income housing tax credits and other tax benefits, net of $94 thousand of amortization expense of low-income housing tax credit investment, as a component of income tax expense. As of March 31, 2018, our unfunded commitments for these low-income housing tax credit funds totaled $3.2 million. We did not recognize any impairment losses on these low-income housing tax credit investments during the first three months of 2018 or 2017, as the value of the future tax benefits exceeds the carrying value of the investments.