Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2018

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The core principle of this ASU (and all subsequent updates) is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. This ASU establishes a five-step model that must be used to recognize revenue that requires the entity to identify the contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies the performance obligation. The ASU does not apply to the majority of our revenue, including revenue associated with financial instruments, such as loans and investment securities, and certain non-interest income, such as earnings on bank-owned life insurance, dividends on Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") stock, gains or losses on sales of investment securities, and deposit overdraft charges. The standard allowed the use of either the full retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. We elected to apply the modified retrospective transition method to incomplete contracts as of the initial date of application on January 1, 2018. The adoption of the new standards did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations as revenue recognition under the new standards did not change significantly from our current practice of recognizing the in-scope non-interest income. In addition, we did not retroactively revise prior period amounts or record a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption. We considered the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue from contracts with customers and determined that significant revenue streams are sufficiently disaggregated in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Descriptions of our significant revenue-generating transactions that are within the scope of the new revenue recognition standards, which are presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income as components of non-interest income, are as follows:

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Wealth Management & Trust ("WM&T") fees - WM&T services include, but are not limited to: customized investment advisory and management; administrative services such as bill pay and tax reporting; trust administration, estate settlement, custody and fiduciary services. Performance obligations for investment advisory and management services are generally satisfied over time. Revenue is recognized monthly according to a tiered fee schedule based on the client's month-end market value of assets under our management. WM&T does not earn revenue based on performance or incentives. Costs associated with WM&T revenue-generating activities, such as payments to sub-advisors, are recorded separately as part of professional service expenses when incurred.

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Deposit account service charges - Service charges on deposit accounts consist of monthly maintenance fees, business account analysis fees, business online banking fees, check order charges, and other deposit account-related fees. Performance obligations for monthly maintenance fees and account analysis fees are satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, when we complete our performance obligation each month. Performance obligations related to transaction-based services (such as check orders) are satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, at a point in time when completed, except for business accounts subject to analysis where the transaction-based fees are part of the monthly account analysis fees.

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Debit card interchange fees - We issue debit cards to our consumer and small business customers that allow them to purchase goods and services from merchants in person, online, or via mobile devices using funds held in their demand deposit accounts held with us. Debit cards issued to our customers are part of global electronic payment networks (such as Visa) who pass a portion of the merchant interchange fees to debit card-issuing member banks like us when our customers make purchases through their networks. Performance obligations for debit card services are satisfied and revenue is recognized daily as the payment networks process transactions. Because we act in an agent capacity, we determined that network costs previously recorded as a component of non-interest expense should be netted with interchange fees recorded in non-interest income.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The amendments in this ASU make improvements to accounting standards related to financial instruments, including the following:

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Requires equity investments, except for those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, an entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.


•	Simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. When impairment exists, an entity is required to measure the investment at fair value.


•	Eliminates the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value required under current standards for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheet.


•	Requires public companies to use the exit price notion when measuring and disclosing the fair value of financial instruments.


•	Requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (i.e., securities or loans and receivables) on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements.


•	Clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity's other deferred tax assets.

We adopted the requirements of this ASU effective January 1, 2018, which did not have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. The fair value of our loans held for investment, which is recorded at amortized cost, now incorporates the exit price notion reflecting factors such as a liquidity premium. See Note 3, Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This ASU provides guidance on how to present and classify eight specific cash flow topics in the statement of cash flows. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented, if practical. We adopted the requirements of this ASU effective January 1, 2018, which did not impact our financial condition, results of operations, or related financial statement disclosures for the periods presented.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The amendments are intended to help companies evaluate whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses and provide a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business. The amendments should be applied prospectively and are effective for annual periods after December 31, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. We adopted the amendments effective January 1, 2018, which did not impact our financial condition, results of operations, or related financial statement disclosures for the periods presented.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. This ASU applies to entities that change the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. The FASB adopted this ASU to provide clarity in what constitutes a modification and to reduce diversity in practice in applying Topic 718. In order for a change to a share-based arrangement to not require Topic 718 modification accounting treatment, all of the following must be met: no change in fair value, no change in vesting conditions and no change in the balance sheet classification of the modified award. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The amendments should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. We adopted the requirements of this ASU effective January 1, 2018, which did not impact our financial condition, results of operation, or related financial statement disclosures.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. This amendment changes both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. It is intended to more closely align hedge accounting with companies' risk management strategies, simplify the application of hedge accounting and increase transparency as to the scope and results of hedging programs. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. We early adopted the amendments of this ASU in the second quarter of 2018, and elected to perform hedge effectiveness assessments using a qualitative approach instead of quantitative regression analysis going forward. The adoption of this ASU had an immaterial impact to our financial results. The amendments also require additional disclosures, which are included in Note 9, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This amendment helps organizations address certain stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) resulting from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The ASU requires financial statement preparers to disclose a description of the accounting policy for releasing income tax effects from AOCI, whether or not they elect to reclassify the stranded income tax effects from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, and information about the other income tax effects that are reclassified. The amendments are effective for all organizations for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be applied in either the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 is recognized. We early adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2018. See Note 7, Stockholders' Equity.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Effective

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The amendments in this ASU intend to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing an asset, which represents the right to use the asset for the lease term, and a lease liability, which is a lessee's obligation to make lease payments measured on a discounted basis. This ASU generally applies to leasing arrangements exceeding a twelve-month term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and requires a modified retrospective method of adoption. In July 2018, the FASB issued two amendments to ASU 2016-02: ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which provides various corrections and clarifications to ASU 2016-02; and ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which provides a new optional transition method and provides a lessor with practical expedients for separating lease and non-lease components of a lease. Early application of the amendments is permitted. We intend to adopt this ASU during the first quarter of 2019, as required. We completed an inventory of our lease agreements and selected a lease accounting software solution. We are in the process of abstracting and inputting lease-related data, developing policies and procedures, and designing related internal controls. As of September 30, 2018, our undiscounted operating lease obligations that were off-balance sheet totaled $15.4 million (See Note 8, Commitments and Contingencies). Upon adoption of this ASU, the present values of leases currently classified as operating leases will be recognized as lease assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Additional disclosures of key information about our leasing arrangements will also be required. We do not expect that the ASU will have a material impact on our retained earnings, capital ratios, results of operations or return on average assets when adopted.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Under the new guidance, entities will be required to present financial assets at the net amount expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses will be based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of a credit over its remaining life. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for expected credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We have formed an internal Current Expected Credit Loss ("CECL") committee and are working with our third party vendor to determine the appropriate methodologies and resources to utilize in preparation for transition to the new accounting standards. The impact of this ASU on our financial condition and results of operations is not known at this time.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This update simplifies the accounting for share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees, applying some of the same requirements as employee share-based payment transactions. The ASU will not affect the accounting for share-based payment awards to nonemployee directors, which will continue to be treated as employee share-based transactions under the current standards. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect that the ASU will have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations, as it is not our practice to issue stock-based awards to pay for goods and services from nonemployees, other than nonemployee directors.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this ASU remove, modify and add disclosure requirements for the fair value reporting of assets and liabilities. The modifications and additions relate to Level 3 fair value measurements at the end of the reporting period. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Entities making this election are permitted to early adopt the eliminated or modified disclosure requirements and delay the adoption of all the new disclosure requirements until the ASU's effective date. We do not expect that the ASU will have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. This standard aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software, regardless of whether they convey a license to the hosted software. The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by this ASU. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. We do not expect that the ASU will have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes. This update adds an alternative fifth permissible U.S. benchmark rate to be used for hedge accounting purposes. As we have already adopted the amendments in ASU 2017-12, which changed both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships, the amendments in ASU 2018-16 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period upon issuance of this ASU if an entity already has adopted ASU 2017-12. We expect this amendment to affect the presentation of our hedging activities, but we do not expect it to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.