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Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Credit Quality of Loans
 
The following table shows outstanding loans by class and payment aging as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Loan Aging Analysis by Class
(in thousands)
Commercial and industrial

Commercial real estate, owner-occupied

Commercial real estate, investor

Construction

Home equity

Other residential

Installment and other consumer

Total

September 30, 2019
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 30-59 days past due
$

$

$

$

$
440

$

$
153

$
593

 60-89 days past due




94



94

 90 days or more past due
20




73



93

Total past due
20




607


153

780

Current
260,808

310,486

896,066

50,254

121,207

130,781

28,308

1,797,910

Total loans 2
$
260,828

$
310,486

$
896,066

$
50,254

$
121,814

$
130,781

$
28,461

$
1,798,690

Non-accrual loans 1
$
195

$

$

$

$
167

$

$
60

$
422

December 31, 2018
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 30-59 days past due
$
5

$

$
1,004

$

$

$

$
112

$
1,121

 60-89 days past due








 90 days or more past due








Total past due
5


1,004




112

1,121

Current
230,734

313,277

872,406

76,423

124,696

117,847

27,360

1,762,743

Total loans 2
$
230,739

$
313,277

$
873,410

$
76,423

$
124,696

$
117,847

$
27,472

$
1,763,864

Non-accrual loans 1
$
319

$

$

$

$
313

$

$
65

$
697


1 Includes no purchased credit impaired ("PCI") loans at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Amounts exclude accreting PCI loans with carrying values totaling $2.1 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, as we have a reasonable expectation about future cash flows to be collected and we continue to recognize accretable yield on these loans in interest income. There were no accruing loans past due more than ninety days at September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.
2 Amounts include net deferred loan origination costs of $980 thousand and $635 thousand at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Amounts are also net of unaccreted purchase discounts on non-PCI loans of $669 thousand and $708 thousand at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

We generally make commercial loans to established small and mid-sized businesses to provide financing for their growth and working capital needs, equipment purchases and acquisitions.  Management examines historical, current, and projected cash flows to determine the ability of the borrower to repay obligations as agreed. Commercial loans are made based primarily on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral and guarantor support. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not occur as expected, and the collateral securing
these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial and industrial loans are secured by the assets being financed, such as accounts receivable and inventory, and typically include personal guarantees. We target stable businesses with guarantors who provide additional sources of repayment and have proven to be resilient in periods of economic stress.
 
Commercial real estate loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans discussed above. We underwrite these loans to be repaid from cash flow and to be supported by real property collateral. Underwriting standards for commercial real estate loans include, but are not limited to, debt coverage and loan-to-value ratios. Furthermore, a large majority of our loans are guaranteed by the owners of the properties. Conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy may adversely affect our commercial real estate loans. In the event of a vacancy, we expect guarantors to carry the loans until they find a replacement tenant.  The owner's substantial equity investment provides a strong economic incentive to continue to support the commercial real estate projects. As such, we have generally experienced a relatively low level of loss and delinquencies in this portfolio.

Construction loans are generally made to developers and builders to finance construction, renovation and occasionally land acquisitions in anticipation of near-term development. Construction loan borrowers provide for interest reserves that are used for the payment of interest during the development and marketing periods. When a construction loan is placed on nonaccrual status before the depletion of the interest reserve, we apply the interest funded by the interest reserve against the loan's principal balance. These loans are underwritten after evaluation of the borrower's financial strength, reputation, prior track record, and independent appraisals. We monitor all construction projects to determine whether they are on schedule, completed as planned and in accordance with the approved construction budgets. Significant events can affect the construction industry, including: the inherent volatility of real estate markets and vulnerability to delays due to weather, change orders, inability to obtain construction permits, labor or material shortages, and price changes. Estimates of construction costs and value associated with the completed project may be inaccurate. Repayment of construction loans is largely dependent on the ultimate success of the project.
 
Consumer loans primarily consist of home equity lines of credit, other residential loans and floating homes, along with a small number of installment loans. Our other residential loans include tenancy-in-common fractional interest loans ("TIC") located almost entirely in San Francisco County. We originate consumer loans utilizing credit score information, debt-to-income ratio and loan-to-value ratio analysis. Diversification among consumer loan types, coupled with relatively small loan amounts that are spread across many individual borrowers, mitigates risk. We do not originate sub-prime residential mortgage loans, nor is it our practice to underwrite loans commonly referred to as "Alt-A mortgages," the characteristics of which are reduced documentation, borrowers with low FICO scores or collateral with high loan-to-value ratios.

We use a risk rating system to evaluate asset quality, and to identify and monitor credit risk in individual loans, and in the loan portfolio. Our definitions of “Special Mention” risk graded loans, or worse, are consistent with those used by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC").  Our internally assigned grades are as follows:
 
Pass and Watch: Loans to borrowers of acceptable or better credit quality. Borrowers in this category demonstrate fundamentally sound financial positions, repayment capacity, credit history, and management expertise.  Loans in this category must have an identifiable and stable source of repayment and meet the Bank’s policy regarding debt-service-coverage ratios.  These borrowers are capable of sustaining normal economic, market or operational setbacks without significant financial consequences.  Negative external industry factors are generally not present.  The loan may be secured, unsecured or supported by non-real estate collateral for which the value is more difficult to determine and/or marketability is more uncertain. This category also includes “Watch” loans, where the primary source of repayment has been delayed. “Watch” is intended to be a transitional grade, with either an upgrade or downgrade within a reasonable period.
 
Special Mention: Potential weaknesses that deserve close attention. If left uncorrected, those potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the payment prospects for the asset. Special Mention assets do not present sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.
 
Substandard: Inadequately protected by either the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. A Substandard asset has a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize(s) the liquidation of the debt. Substandard assets are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if such weaknesses or deficiencies are not corrected. Well-defined weaknesses include adverse trends or developments of the borrower’s financial condition, managerial weaknesses and/or significant collateral deficiencies.
 
Doubtful: Critical weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full improbable. There may be specific pending events that work to strengthen the asset; however, the amount or timing of the loss may not be determinable. Pending events generally occur within one year of the asset being classified as Doubtful. Examples include: merger, acquisition, or liquidation; capital injection; guarantee; perfecting liens on additional collateral; and refinancing. Such loans are placed on non-accrual status and usually are collateral-dependent.

We regularly review our credits for accuracy of risk grades whenever we receive new information. Borrowers are generally required to submit financial information at regular intervals. Typically, commercial borrowers with lines of credit are required to submit financial information with reporting intervals ranging from monthly to annually depending on credit size, risk and complexity. In addition, investor commercial real estate borrowers are usually required to submit rent rolls or property income statements annually. We monitor construction loans monthly. We review home equity and other consumer loans based on delinquency. We also review loans graded “Watch” or worse, regardless of loan type, no less than quarterly.

The following table represents an analysis of the carrying amount in loans, net of deferred fees and costs and purchase premiums or discounts, by internally assigned risk grades, including PCI loans, at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Risk Grade
(in thousands)
Commercial and industrial

Commercial real estate, owner-occupied

Commercial real estate, investor

Construction

Home equity

Other residential

Installment and other consumer

Purchased credit-impaired

Total

September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass
$
219,346

$
290,074

$
893,574

$
50,254

$
120,400

$
130,781

$
28,313

$
2,059

$
1,734,801

Special Mention
41,092

10,198

1,664


1,000




53,954

Substandard
386

9,061



340


148


9,935

Total loans
$
260,824

$
309,333

$
895,238

$
50,254

$
121,740

$
130,781

$
28,461

$
2,059

$
1,798,690

December 31, 2018
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pass
$
219,625

$
299,998

$
870,443

$
73,735

$
122,844

$
117,847

$
27,312

$
2,112

$
1,733,916

Special Mention
9,957

4,106

2,156


1,121




17,340

Substandard
1,126

7,986


2,688

648


160


12,608

Total loans
$
230,708

$
312,090

$
872,599

$
76,423

$
124,613

$
117,847

$
27,472

$
2,112

$
1,763,864


 
Troubled Debt Restructuring
 
Our loan portfolio includes certain loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”), where we have granted economic concessions to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from our loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions. TDRs on non-accrual status at the time of restructure may be returned to accruing status after Management considers the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally nine months, and obtains reasonable assurance of repayment and performance.
 
We may remove a loan from TDR designation if it meets all of the following conditions:
The loan is subsequently refinanced or restructured at current market interest rates and the new terms are consistent with the treatment of creditworthy borrowers under regular underwriting standards;
The borrower is no longer considered to be in financial difficulty;
Performance on the loan is reasonably assured; and
Existing loan did not have any forgiveness of principal or interest.

The same Management level that approved the loan classification upgrade must approve the removal of TDR status. After meeting all of the conditions above, there was one commercial loan with a recorded investment of $3 thousand removed from TDR designation during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. There were one TIC loan and one home equity loan with recorded investments totaling $247 thousand removed from TDR designation during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The following table summarizes the carrying amount of TDR loans by loan class as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
(in thousands)
 
Recorded Investment in Troubled Debt Restructurings 1
September 30, 2019

December 31, 2018

Commercial and industrial
$
1,139

$
1,506

Commercial real estate, owner-occupied
6,999

6,993

Commercial real estate, investor
1,786

1,821

Construction
880

2,688

Home equity
251

251

Other residential
454

462

Installment and other consumer
653

685

Total
$
12,162

$
14,406

1There were no acquired TDR loans as of September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018. TDR loans on non-accrual status totaled $233 thousand and $65 thousand at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The following table presents information for loans modified in a TDR during the presented periods, including the number of modified contracts, the recorded investment in the loans prior to modification, and the recorded investment in the loans at period end after being restructured. The table excludes fully charged-off TDR loans and loans modified in a TDR and subsequently paid-off during the years presented.
(dollars in thousands)
Number of Contracts Modified

Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment

Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment at Period End

TDRs during the three months ended September 30, 2019:
 
 
 

None

$

$

$

TDRs during the three months ended September 30, 2018:
 

 

 



None

$

$

$

TDRs during the nine months ended September 30, 2019:
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
1

$
298

$
298

$
173

TDRs during the nine months ended September 30, 2018:
 

 

 

 
Commercial and industrial
2

$
254

$
245

$
235


The loan modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 reflected a maturity extension and interest rate concession. The two loans modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were to the same borrower and included maturity extensions and other changes in loan terms. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, there were no defaults on loans that had been modified in a TDR within the prior twelve-month period. We report defaulted TDRs based on a payment default definition of more than ninety days past due.

Impaired Loans

The following tables summarize information by class on impaired loans and their related allowances. Total impaired loans include non-accrual loans, accruing TDR loans and accreting PCI loans that have experienced post-acquisition declines in cash flows expected to be collected.
(in thousands)
Commercial and industrial

Commercial real estate, owner-occupied

Commercial real estate, investor

Construction

Home equity

Other residential

Installment and other consumer

Total

September 30, 2019
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Recorded investment in impaired loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no specific allowance recorded
$
375

$

$

$

$
168

$
454

$
101

$
1,098

With a specific allowance recorded
785

6,999

1,786

880

251


552

11,253

Total recorded investment in impaired loans
$
1,160

$
6,999

$
1,786

$
880

$
419

$
454

$
653

$
12,351

Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans
$
1,140

$
6,993

$
1,776

$
876

$
417

$
453

$
652

$
12,307

Specific allowance
183

85

45

12

5


59

389

Average recorded investment in impaired loans during the quarter ended September 30, 2019
1,324

7,000

1,791

684

413

456

659

12,327

Interest income recognized on impaired loans during the quarter ended September 30, 20191
16

67

20

400

9

4

6

522

Average recorded investment in impaired loans during the nine months ended
September 30, 2019
1,495

6,998

1,804

1,687

497

458

670

13,609

Interest income recognized on impaired loans during the nine months ended
September 30, 2019
1
56

199

59

456

42

14

18

844

Average recorded investment in impaired loans during the quarter ended
September 30, 2018
1,840

7,000

1,837

2,690

651

987

700

15,705

Interest income recognized on impaired loans during the quarter ended
September 30, 2018
1
31

67

20

39

5

13

7

182

Average recorded investment in impaired loans during the nine months ended
September 30, 2018
2,019

7,002

1,925

2,831

698

1,029

708

16,212

Interest income recognized on impaired loans during the nine months ended
September 30, 2018
1
214

199

63

114

15

38

22

665

1 Interest income recognized on a cash basis of $393 thousand and $416 thousand during the respective three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was related to a principal payment applied to interest collected but unrecognized on a former non-accrual land development loan and the pay-off of three non-accruals. Interest income recognized on a cash basis of $6 thousand and $134 thousand during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was related to the pay-off of three non-accrual commercial PCI loans.
(in thousands)
Commercial and industrial

Commercial real estate, owner-occupied

Commercial real estate, investor

Construction

Home equity

Other residential

Installment and other consumer

Total

December 31, 2018
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Recorded investment in impaired loans:
 

 

 

 

 

 

With no specific allowance recorded
$
303

$

$

$
2,688

$
313

$
462

$
111

$
3,877

With a specific allowance recorded
1,522

6,993

1,821


251


574

11,161

Total recorded investment in impaired loans
$
1,825

$
6,993

$
1,821

$
2,688

$
564

$
462

$
685

$
15,038

Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans
$
1,813

$
6,993

$
1,812

$
2,688

$
562

$
461

$
684

$
15,013

Specific allowance
$
466

$
189

$
45

$

$
5

$

$
73

$
778



Management monitors delinquent loans continuously and identifies problem loans, generally loans graded Substandard or worse, loans on non-accrual status and loans modified in a TDR, to be evaluated individually for impairment testing. Generally, the recorded investment in impaired loans is net of any charge-offs from estimated losses related to specifically-identified impaired loans when they are deemed uncollectible. There were no charged-off amounts on impaired loans at September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018. In addition, the recorded investment in impaired loans is net of purchase discounts or premiums on acquired loans and deferred fees and costs. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, unused commitments to extend credit on impaired loans, including performing loans to borrowers whose terms have been modified in TDRs, totaled $699 thousand and $1.1 million, respectively.

The following tables disclose activity in the allowance for loan losses ("ALLL") and the recorded investment in loans by class, as well as the related ALLL disaggregated by impairment evaluation method.
Allowance for Loan Losses Rollforward for the Period
(in thousands)
Commercial and industrial

Commercial real estate, owner-occupied

Commercial real estate, investor

Construction

Home equity

Other residential

Installment and other consumer

Unallocated

Total

Three months ended September 30, 2019







Beginning balance
$
2,368

$
2,321

$
7,721

$
619

$
907

$
849

$
323

$
727

$
15,835

Provision (reversal)
326

21

211

(117
)
(28
)
56

(28
)
(41
)
400

Charge-offs









Recoveries
5








5

Ending balance
$
2,699

$
2,342

$
7,932

$
502

$
879

$
905

$
295

$
686

$
16,240

Three months ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
2,597

$
2,339

$
7,390

$
508

$
952

$
746

$
325

$
956

$
15,813

Provision (reversal)
(245
)
83

46

157

(39
)
35

5

(42
)

Charge-offs









Recoveries
4








4

Ending balance
$
2,356

$
2,422

$
7,436

$
665

$
913

$
781

$
330

$
914

$
15,817

Allowance for Loan Losses Rollforward for the Period
(in thousands)
Commercial and industrial

Commercial real estate, owner-occupied

Commercial real estate, investor

Construction

Home equity

Other residential

Installment and other consumer

Unallocated

Total

Nine months ended September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
2,436

$
2,407

$
7,703

$
756

$
915

$
800

$
310

$
494

$
15,821

Provision (reversal)
256

(65
)
217

(254
)
(36
)
105

(15
)
192

400

Charge-offs
(9
)







(9
)
Recoveries
16


12






28

Ending balance
$
2,699

$
2,342

$
7,932

$
502

$
879

$
905

$
295

$
686

$
16,240

Nine months ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
3,654

$
2,294

$
6,475

$
681

$
1,031

$
536

$
378

$
718

$
15,767

Provision (reversal)
(1,308
)
128

961

(16
)
(118
)
245

(88
)
196


Charge-offs
(3
)





(2
)

(5
)
Recoveries
13






42


55

Ending balance
$
2,356

$
2,422

$
7,436

$
665

$
913

$
781

$
330

$
914

$
15,817

Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial

Commercial real estate, owner-occupied

Commercial real estate, investor

Construction

Home equity

Other residential

Installment and other consumer

Unallocated

Total

September 30, 2019
Ending ALLL related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment
$
2,516

$
2,257

$
7,887

$
490

$
874

$
905

$
236

$
686

$
15,851

Ending ALLL related to loans individually evaluated for impairment
183

85

45

12

5


59


389

Ending ALLL related to PCI loans









Ending balance
$
2,699

$
2,342

$
7,932

$
502

$
879

$
905

$
295

$
686

$
16,240

Recorded Investment:
 

 

 

 

 

 
 

Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
259,664

$
302,334

$
893,452

$
49,374

$
121,321

$
130,327

$
27,808

$

$
1,784,280

Individually evaluated for impairment
1,160

6,999

1,786

880

419

454

653


12,351

PCI loans
4

1,153

828


74




2,059

Total
$
260,828

$
310,486

$
896,066

$
50,254

$
121,814

$
130,781

$
28,461

$

$
1,798,690

Ratio of allowance for loan losses to total loans
1.03
%
0.75
%
0.89
%
1.00
%
0.72
%
0.69
%
1.04
%
NM

0.90
%
Allowance for loan losses to non-accrual loans
1,384
%
NM

NM

NM

526
%
NM

492
%
NM

3,848
%

NM - Not Meaningful
Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans
(dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial

Commercial real estate, owner-occupied

Commercial real estate, investor

Construction

Home equity

Other residential

Installment and other consumer

Unallocated

Total

December 31, 2018
Ending ALLL related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment
$
1,970

$
2,218

$
7,658

$
756

$
910

$
800

$
237

$
494

$
15,043

Ending ALLL related to loans individually evaluated for impairment
466

189

45


5


73


778

Ending ALLL related to purchased credit-impaired loans









Ending balance
$
2,436

$
2,407

$
7,703

$
756

$
915

$
800

$
310

$
494

$
15,821

Recorded Investment:
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
228,883

$
305,097

$
870,778

$
73,735

$
124,049

$
117,385

$
26,787

$

$
1,746,714

Individually evaluated for impairment
1,825

6,993

1,821

2,688

564

462

685


15,038

Purchased credit-impaired
31

1,187

811


83




2,112

Total
$
230,739

$
313,277

$
873,410

$
76,423

$
124,696

$
117,847

$
27,472

$

$
1,763,864

Ratio of allowance for loan losses to total loans
1.06
%
0.77
%
0.88
%
0.99
%
0.73
%
0.68
%
1.13
%
NM

0.90
%
Allowance for loan losses to non-accrual loans
764
%
NM

NM

NM

292
%
NM

NM

NM

2,270
%

NM - Not Meaningful

Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans
 
Acquired loans are considered credit-impaired if there is evidence of significant deterioration of credit quality since origination and it is probable, at the acquisition date, that we will be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable. Management has determined certain loans purchased in our three bank acquisitions to be PCI loans based on credit indicators such as non-accrual status, past due status, loan risk grade, loan-to-value ratio, etc. Revolving credit agreements (e.g., home equity lines of credit and revolving commercial loans) are not considered PCI loans as cash flows cannot be reasonably estimated.

The following table reflects the unpaid principal balance and related carrying value of PCI loans.
PCI Loans
September 30, 2019
December 31, 2018

(in thousands)
Unpaid Principal Balance

Carrying Value

Unpaid Principal Balance

Carrying Value

Commercial and industrial
$
48

$
4

$
89

$
31

Commercial real estate, owner occupied
1,208

1,153

1,247

1,187

Commercial real estate, investor
1,009

828

1,033

811

Home equity
194

74

210

83

Total purchased credit-impaired loans
$
2,459

$
2,059

$
2,579

$
2,112


 
The activities in the accretable yield, or income expected to be earned over the remaining lives of the PCI loans were as follows:
Accretable Yield
Three months ended
Nine months ended
(in thousands)
September 30, 2019
September 30, 2018
September 30, 2019
September 30, 2018
Balance at beginning of period
$
819

$
1,059

$
934

$
1,254

Accretion
(55
)
(63
)
(170
)
(258
)
Balance at end of period
$
764

$
996

$
764

$
996



Pledged Loans

Our FHLB line of credit is secured under terms of a blanket collateral agreement by a pledge of certain qualifying loans with unpaid principal balances of $1,083.2 million and $1,027.4 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. In addition, we pledge eligible TIC loans, which totaled $111.5 million and $94.5 million at September 30,
2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, to secure our borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB"). Also, see Note 6, Borrowings.

Related Party Loans
 
The Bank has, and expects to have in the future, banking transactions in the ordinary course of its business with directors, officers, principal shareholders and their businesses or associates. These transactions, including loans, are granted on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral on loans, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with persons not related to us. Likewise, these transactions do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. Related party loans totaled $9.0 million at September 30, 2019, compared to $10.6 million at December 31, 2018. In addition, undisbursed commitments to related parties totaled $9.1 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.