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Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Accounting Standards Update and Change in Accounting Principle [Abstract]  
Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards
Accounting Standards Adopted in 2020

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this ASU remove, modify, and add disclosure requirements for the fair value reporting of assets and liabilities. The modifications and additions relate to Level 3 fair value measurements at the end of the reporting period. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Entities should disclose and describe the range and weighted-average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. We adopted this ASU prospectively effective January 1, 2020. As the ASU’s requirements only relate to disclosures, the amendments did not impact our financial condition or results of operations. Refer to Note 3, Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities, for additional disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. This standard aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software regardless of whether they convey a license to the hosted software. The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by this ASU. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity has the option to apply amendments in the ASU either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. We adopted this ASU prospectively on January 1, 2020, which did not impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard replaces the "incurred loss" model with a "current expected credit loss" ("CECL") model. The CECL model applies to estimated credit losses on loans receivable, held-to-maturity debt securities, unfunded loan commitments, and certain other financial assets measured at amortized cost. The CECL model is based on lifetime expected losses, rather than incurred losses, and requires the recognition of credit loss expense in the consolidated statement of income and a related allowance for credit losses on the consolidated statement of condition at the time of origination or purchase of a loan receivable or held-to-maturity debt security. In addition, the CECL standard modifies the accounting for purchased loans and requires that an allowance for credit losses be established at the date of acquisition. However, for purchased financial assets with a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination (“PCD assets”) that are measured at amortized cost, the initial allowance for credit losses is added to the purchase price rather than being reported as a credit loss expense. Subsequent changes in the allowance for credit losses on PCD assets are recognized through credit loss expense.

Under ASU 2016-13, available-for-sale debt securities are evaluated for impairment if fair value is less than amortized cost. Estimated credit losses are recorded through a credit loss expense and an allowance, rather than a write-down of the investment. Changes in fair value that are not credit-related will continue to be recorded in other comprehensive income. The ASU also expands the disclosure requirements regarding assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the allowance for credit losses. In addition, entities will disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. However, in accordance with the accounting relief provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security ("CARES") Act passed in March 2020, we postponed the adoption of the CECL standard. Implementation is delayed until the end of the national emergency or December 31, 2020, whichever occurs first.

Early CECL implementation activities focused on, among other things, capturing and validating data, segmenting the loan portfolio, evaluating various credit loss estimation methodologies, sourcing tools to forecast future economic conditions, running multiple loan loss driver analyses that correlate our credit loss experience with one or more economic factors, and evaluating the qualitative factor framework and assumptions. Based on these activities, we determined that our primary credit loss methodology will utilize a discounted cash flow approach that considers the probability of default and loss given default. Ongoing implementation activities included refining forecast methodologies, running parallel calculations, evaluating and validating results, and documenting internal controls.
The Bank has continued to run the CECL model in parallel with the incurred loss model and will adopt the CECL standard as of December 31, 2020. Upon adoption of the CECL standard, we will record a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings in our financial statements, net of taxes, based on economic forecasts and other assumptions as of January 1, 2020. That adjustment will result in an increase to our allowance for credit losses of approximately $1.6 million and an increase to the allowance for off-balance sheet commitments of approximately $122 thousand. These adjustments do not include the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic-related impact. Upon adoption on December 31, 2020, we will recognize the difference between the allowance for credit losses calculated under the CECL model as of December 31, 2020 and the allowance for credit losses calculated under the incurred loss model as of September 30, 2020 as a provision for credit losses and a provision for credit losses on off-balance sheet commitments, as applicable. Based on information available at this time, we do not expect the fourth quarter provision for credit losses to exceed 10% of the September 30, 2020 allowance for credit losses. However, the exact amount will depend on certain forecasts, such as the California unemployment rate, and other assumptions available as of December 31, 2020, which could differ significantly from present levels.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments that clarifies and improves areas of guidance related to recently issued standards. The provisions of this ASU under Topic 326 will be evaluated in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, however, we do not expect it to have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. All other provisions under this ASU were adopted as of January 1, 2020 and did not impact our financial condition and results of operations.

In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief. This ASU allows an option for entities to irrevocably elect the fair value option on an instrument-by-instrument basis for eligible financial assets measured at amortized cost basis upon adoption of the credit loss standards. This amendment provides relief for those entities electing the fair value option on newly originated or purchased financial assets, while maintaining existing similar financial assets at amortized cost, avoiding the requirement to maintain dual measurement methods for similar assets. The fair value option does not apply to held-to-maturity debt securities. The effective date for this ASU is the same as for ASU 2016-13, as discussed above. We will evaluate this ASU in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to determine its impact on our financial condition and results of operations. However, at this time we do not expect to elect the fair value option for our financial assets.

In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. This ASU, among other narrow-scope improvements, clarifies guidance around how to report expected recoveries. “Expected recoveries” describes a situation in which an organization recognizes a full or partial write-off of the amortized cost basis of a financial asset, but then later determines that the amount written off, or a portion of that amount, will in fact be recovered. This ASU permits organizations to record expected recoveries on PCD assets. Additionally, this ASU reinforces existing guidance that prohibits organizations from recording negative allowances for available-for-sale debt securities. ASU 2019-11 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments should be applied on a modified retrospective basis by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance in the statement of financial position as of the date of adoption. The effective date for this ASU is the same as for ASU 2016-13, as discussed above. We will evaluate this ASU in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to determine its impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Effective
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU is intended to reduce the cost and complexity related to accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the guidance in Topic 740 related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and simplifying aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. As this ASU is narrow in scope and applicability to us will likely be minimal, we do not expect that the ASU will have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - Clarifying the
Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815. Among other things, this ASU clarifies that a company should consider observable transactions that require a company to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting under Topic 323, for the purposes of applying the measurement alternative in accordance with Topic 321. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. ASU No. 2020-01 should be applied prospectively at the beginning of the interim period that includes adoption. We do not expect that the ASU will have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). The amendments in this ASU are elective and provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform. The amendments in this ASU provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The amendments in this ASU may be elected as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. An entity may choose to elect the amendments in this update at an interim period subsequent to March 12, 2020 with adoption methods varying based on transaction type. We have not elected to apply these amendments, however, we will assess the applicability of the ASU to us and continue to monitor guidance for reference rate reform from FASB and its impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

In October 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-08, Codification Improvements to Subtopic 310-20, Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs. This ASU was issued as part of the Board's ongoing project to improve codification or correct unintended application. This ASU adds clarification to ASU 2017-08, which the Bank early adopted in 2017, and delineates whether an entity with callable debt securities that have multiple call dates should amortize the amount above that which is repayable, to the next call date. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years, on a prospective basis. Early adoption is not permitted. As this ASU is narrow in scope and for clarification purposes, we do not expect this ASU will have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.