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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Receivables [Abstract] |
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses The following table presents the amortized cost of loans by class as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
| December 31,
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021
Commercial and industrial | $ | 173,547 |  | $ | 301,602 |
Real estate: |  |
Commercial owner-occupied | 354,877 |  | 392,345 |
Commercial investor-owned | 1,191,889 |  | 1,189,021 |
Construction | 114,373 |  | 119,840 |
Home equity | 88,748 |  | 88,746 |
Other residential | 112,123 |  | 114,558 |
Installment and other consumer loans | 56,989 |  | 49,533 |
Total loans, at amortized cost 1 | 2,092,546 |  | 2,255,645 |
Allowance for credit losses on loans | (22,983) |  | (23,023) |
Total loans, net of allowance for credit losses on loans | $ | 2,069,563 |  | $ | 2,232,622 |
1 Amortized cost includes net deferred loan origination costs (fees) of $1.8 million and $(901) thousand at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Amounts are also net of unrecognized purchase discounts of $2.6 million and $2.5 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Amortized cost excludes accrued interest, which totaled $6.1 million and $7.1 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is included in interest receivable and other assets in the consolidated statements of condition. Lending Risks Concentrations of Credit - Virtually all of our loans are from customers located in Northern California. Approximately 90% and 86% of total loans were secured by real estate at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, 74% and 70%, respectively, of our loans were for commercial real estate, the majority of which were secured by real estate located in Marin, Sonoma, Napa, Alameda, San Francisco, Sacramento, and Contra Costa counties (California). The increase in the percentages secured by real estate from 2021 to 2022 was primarily due to a $107.7 million reduction in unsecured loans guaranteed by the SBA under the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP"), which are included in commercial and industrial loans. Commercial and Industrial Loans - Commercial loans are generally made to established small and mid-sized businesses to provide financing for their growth and working capital needs, equipment purchases and acquisitions. Management examines historical, current, and projected cash flows to determine the ability of the borrower to repay obligations as agreed. Commercial loans are made based primarily on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral and guarantor support. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not occur as expected, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial and industrial loans are secured by the assets being financed, such as accounts receivable and inventory, and typically include personal guarantees. We target stable businesses with guarantors who provide additional sources of repayment and have proven to be resilient in periods of economic stress. A weakened economy, and resultant decreased consumer and/or business spending, will have an effect on the credit quality of commercial loans. Pursuant to the 2020 CARES Act, Bank of Marin originated 2,876 SBA-guaranteed loans totaling $444.1 million in two rounds of the Small Business Administration's ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP"). Additionally in 2021, Bank of Marin assumed 113 PPP loans totaling $18.6 million from AMRB as of the merger date. As of December 31, 2022, there were 18 PP loans outstanding totaling $3.5 million (net of $99 thousand in unrecognized fees and costs), compared to 368 loans at December 31, 2021 totaling $111.2 million (net of $2.5 million in unrecognized fees and costs) included in commercial and industrial loan balances. PPP loans have terms of two to five years and earn interest at 1%. In addition, the SBA paid the Bank a fee of 1%-5% depending on the loan amount, which was netted with loan origination costs and amortized into interest income using the effective yield method over the contractual life of each loan. The recognition of fees and costs is accelerated when the loan is forgiven by the SBA and/or paid off prior to maturity. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA and are expected to be forgiven by the SBA if they meet the requirements of the program. Commercial Real Estate Loans - Commercial real estate loans, which include income producing investment properties and owner-occupied real estate used for business purposes, are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans discussed above. We underwrite these loans to be repaid from cash flow from either the business or investment property and supported by real property collateral. Underwriting standards for commercial real estate loans include, but are not limited to, debt coverage and loan-to-value ratios. Furthermore, a large majority of our loans are guaranteed by the owners of the properties. Conditions in the real estate markets or downturn in the general economy may adversely affect our commercial real estate loans. In the event of a vacancy, we expect guarantors to carry the loans until they find a replacement tenant. The owner's substantial equity investment provides a strong economic incentive to continue to support the commercial real estate projects. As such, we have generally experienced a relatively low level of loss and delinquencies in this portfolio. Construction Loans - Construction loans are generally made to developers and builders to finance construction, renovation and occasionally land acquisitions in anticipation of near-term development. Construction loans include interest reserves that are used for the payment of interest during the development and marketing periods and are capitalized as part of the loan balance. When a construction loan is placed on nonaccrual status before the depletion of the interest reserve, we apply the interest funded by the interest reserve against the loan's principal balance. These loans are underwritten after evaluation of the borrower's financial strength, reputation, prior track record, and independent appraisals. We monitor all construction projects to determine whether they are on schedule, completed as planned and in accordance with the approved construction budgets. Significant events can affect the construction industry, including: the inherent volatility of real estate markets and vulnerability to delays due to weather, change orders, inability to obtain construction permits, labor or material shortages, and price changes. Estimates of construction costs and value associated with the completed project may be inaccurate. Repayment of construction loans is largely dependent on the ultimate success of the project. Consumer Loans - Consumer loans primarily consist of home equity lines of credit, other residential loans, floating homes and indirect luxury auto loans along with a small number of installment loans. Our other residential loans include tenancy-in-common fractional interest loans ("TIC") located almost entirely in San Francisco County. We originate consumer loans utilizing credit score information, debt-to-income ratio and loan-to-value ratio analysis. Diversification among consumer loan types, coupled with relatively small loan amounts that are spread across many individual borrowers, mitigates risk. We do not originate sub-prime residential mortgage loans, nor is it our practice to underwrite loans commonly referred to as "Alt-A mortgages," the characteristics of which are reduced documentation, borrowers with low FICO scores or collateral with high loan-to-value ratios. Credit Quality Indicators We use a risk rating system to evaluate asset quality, and to identify and monitor credit risk in individual loans, and in the loan portfolio. Our definitions of “Special Mention” risk graded loans, or worse, are consistent with those used by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"). Our internally assigned grades are as follows: Pass and Watch - Loans to borrowers of acceptable or better credit quality. Borrowers in this category demonstrate fundamentally sound financial positions, repayment capacity, credit history, and management expertise. Loans in this category must have an identifiable and stable source of repayment and meet the Bank’s policy regarding debt-service-coverage ratios. These borrowers are capable of sustaining normal economic, market or operational setbacks without significant financial consequences. Negative external industry factors are generally not present. The loan may be secured, unsecured or supported by non-real estate collateral for which the value is more difficult to determine and/or marketability is more uncertain. This category also includes “Watch” loans, where the primary source of repayment has been delayed. “Watch” is intended to be a transitional grade, with either an upgrade or downgrade within a reasonable period. Special Mention - Potential weaknesses that deserve close attention. If left uncorrected, those potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the payment prospects for the asset. Special Mention assets do not present sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Substandard - Inadequately protected by either the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. A Substandard asset has a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize(s) the liquidation of the debt. Substandard assets are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if such weaknesses or deficiencies are not corrected. Well-defined weaknesses include adverse trends or developments of the borrower’s financial condition, managerial weaknesses and/or significant collateral deficiencies. Doubtful - Critical weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full improbable. There may be specific pending events that work to strengthen the asset; however, the amount or timing of the loss may not be determinable. Pending events generally occur within one year of the asset being classified as Doubtful. Examples include: merger, acquisition, or liquidation; capital injection; guarantee; perfecting liens on additional collateral; and refinancing. Such loans are placed on non-accrual status and usually are collateral-dependent. We regularly review our credits for accuracy of risk grades whenever we receive new information and at each quarterly and year-end reporting period. Borrowers are generally required to submit financial information at regular intervals. Typically, commercial borrowers with lines of credit are required to submit financial information with reporting intervals ranging from monthly to annually depending on credit size, risk and complexity. In addition, investor commercial real estate borrowers with loans exceeding a certain dollar threshold are usually required to submit rent rolls or property income statements annually. We monitor construction loans monthly. We review home equity and other consumer loans based on delinquency. We also review loans graded “Watch” or worse, regardless of loan type, no less than quarterly. The following tables present the loan portfolio by loan class, origination year and internal risk rating as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. We early adopted the vintage disclosure requirements of ASU 2022-02 prospectively as described in Note 2 beginning with the first quarter of 2022. Accordingly, the 2022 vintage table reflects gross charge-offs by loan class and year of origination. Generally, existing term loans that were re-underwritten are reflected in the table in the year of renewal. Lines of credit that have a conversion feature at the time of origination, such as construction to perm loans, are presented by year of origination.
(in thousands) | Term Loans - Amortized Cost by Origination Year | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost |
December 31, 2022 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | Prior | Total
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 15,349 |  | $ | 6,679 |  | $ | 7,603 |  | $ | 19,982 |  | $ | 5,362 |  | $ | 24,954 |  | $ | 84,655 |  | $ | 164,584 |
Special Mention | 275 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,272 |  | 3,836 |  | — |  | 402 |  | 6,785 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | 1,252 |  | — |  | — |  | 625 |  | 301 |  | 2,178 |
Total commercial and industrial | $ | 15,624 |  | $ | 6,679 |  | $ | 8,855 |  | $ | 22,254 |  | $ | 9,198 |  | $ | 25,579 |  | $ | 85,358 |  | $ | 173,547 |
Gross current period charge-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (9) |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (9) |
Commercial real estate, owner-occupied: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 54,188 |  | $ | 52,080 |  | $ | 40,369 |  | $ | 44,798 |  | $ | 29,856 |  | $ | 104,377 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 325,668 |
Special Mention | — |  | 16,199 |  | — |  | 304 |  | 5,255 |  | 4,493 |  | — |  | 26,251 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,160 |  | — |  | 1,699 |  | — |  | 2,859 |
Doubtful | — |  | — |  | 99 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 99 |
Total commercial real estate, owner-occupied | $ | 54,188 |  | $ | 68,279 |  | $ | 40,468 |  | $ | 46,262 |  | $ | 35,111 |  | $ | 110,569 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 354,877 |
Commercial real estate, investor-owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 177,822 |  | $ | 211,228 |  | $ | 155,278 |  | $ | 160,670 |  | $ | 129,166 |  | $ | 308,509 |  | $ | 57 |  | $ | 1,142,730 |
Special Mention | — |  | 1,172 |  | 12,097 |  | 3,934 |  | 678 |  | 9,290 |  | — |  | 27,171 |
Substandard | — |  | 2,264 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 19,724 |  | — |  | 21,988 |
Total commercial real estate, investor-owned | $ | 177,822 |  | $ | 214,664 |  | $ | 167,375 |  | $ | 164,604 |  | $ | 129,844 |  | $ | 337,523 |  | $ | 57 |  | $ | 1,191,889 |
Construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 49,262 |  | $ | 19,393 |  | $ | 28,861 |  | $ | 7,745 |  | $ | 9,112 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 114,373 |
Total construction | $ | 49,262 |  | $ | 19,393 |  | $ | 28,861 |  | $ | 7,745 |  | $ | 9,112 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 114,373 |
Home equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 883 |  | $ | 86,971 |  | $ | 87,854 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 480 |  | 414 |  | 894 |
Total home equity | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,363 |  | $ | 87,385 |  | $ | 88,748 |
Other residential: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 21,154 |  | $ | 14,547 |  | $ | 29,018 |  | $ | 21,890 |  | $ | 11,064 |  | $ | 14,450 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 112,123 |
Total other residential | $ | 21,154 |  | $ | 14,547 |  | $ | 29,018 |  | $ | 21,890 |  | $ | 11,064 |  | $ | 14,450 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 112,123 |
Installment and other consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 20,054 |  | $ | 13,022 |  | $ | 5,727 |  | $ | 6,492 |  | $ | 4,181 |  | $ | 6,478 |  | $ | 944 |  | $ | 56,898 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 91 |  | — |  | 91 |
Total installment and other consumer | $ | 20,054 |  | $ | 13,022 |  | $ | 5,727 |  | $ | 6,492 |  | $ | 4,181 |  | $ | 6,569 |  | $ | 944 |  | $ | 56,989 |
Gross current period charge-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (18) |  | $ | (5) |  | $ | (23) |
Total loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 337,829 |  | $ | 316,949 |  | $ | 266,856 |  | $ | 261,577 |  | $ | 188,741 |  | $ | 459,651 |  | $ | 172,627 |  | $ | 2,004,230 |
Total Special Mention | $ | 275 |  | $ | 17,371 |  | $ | 12,097 |  | $ | 6,510 |  | $ | 9,769 |  | $ | 13,783 |  | $ | 402 |  | $ | 60,207 |
Total Substandard | $ | — |  | $ | 2,264 |  | $ | 1,252 |  | $ | 1,160 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 22,619 |  | $ | 715 |  | $ | 28,010 |
Total Doubtful | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 99 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 99 |
Totals | $ | 338,104 |  | $ | 336,584 |  | $ | 280,304 |  | $ | 269,247 |  | $ | 198,510 |  | $ | 496,053 |  | $ | 173,744 |  | $ | 2,092,546 |
Total gross current period charge-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (9) |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | (18) |  | $ | (5) |  | $ | (32) |
(in thousands) | Term Loans - Amortized Cost by Origination Year | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost |
December 31, 2021 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | Prior | Total
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 96,643 |  | $ | 35,967 |  | $ | 25,754 |  | $ | 12,763 |  | $ | 2,729 |  | $ | 31,280 |  | $ | 90,744 |  | $ | 295,880 |
Special Mention | — |  | 1,700 |  | 584 |  | 273 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,088 |  | 4,645 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,077 |  | 1,077 |
Total commercial and industrial | $ | 96,643 |  | $ | 37,667 |  | $ | 26,338 |  | $ | 13,036 |  | $ | 2,729 |  | $ | 31,280 |  | $ | 93,909 |  | $ | 301,602 |
Commercial real estate, owner-occupied: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 58,395 |  | $ | 43,216 |  | $ | 49,485 |  | $ | 36,174 |  | $ | 42,430 |  | $ | 104,898 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 334,598 |
Special Mention | 16,748 |  | — |  | — |  | 7,846 |  | — |  | 16,996 |  | — |  | 41,590 |
Substandard | — |  | 7,155 |  | 285 |  | — |  | — |  | 8,603 |  | — |  | 16,043 |
Doubtful | $ | — |  | $ | 114 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 114 |
Total commercial real estate, owner-occupied | $ | 75,143 |  | $ | 50,485 |  | $ | 49,770 |  | $ | 44,020 |  | $ | 42,430 |  | $ | 130,497 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 392,345 |
Commercial real estate, investor-owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 225,722 |  | $ | 186,214 |  | $ | 187,418 |  | $ | 143,028 |  | $ | 75,419 |  | $ | 325,882 |  | $ | 84 |  | $ | 1,143,767 |
Special Mention | — |  | 1,214 |  | 2,714 |  | 11,773 |  | 1,787 |  | 9,540 |  | — |  | 27,028 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | 695 |  | — |  | 17,531 |  | — |  | 18,226 |
Total commercial real estate, investor-owned | $ | 225,722 |  | $ | 187,428 |  | $ | 190,132 |  | $ | 155,496 |  | $ | 77,206 |  | $ | 352,953 |  | $ | 84 |  | $ | 1,189,021 |
Construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 31,269 |  | $ | 70,528 |  | $ | 8,935 |  | $ | 9,108 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 119,840 |
Total construction | $ | 31,269 |  | $ | 70,528 |  | $ | 8,935 |  | $ | 9,108 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 119,840 |
Home equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 10 |  | $ | 268 |  | $ | 87,693 |  | $ | 87,971 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 377 |  | 398 |  | 775 |
Total home equity | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 10 |  | $ | 645 |  | $ | 88,091 |  | $ | 88,746 |
Other residential: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 15,800 |  | $ | 31,981 |  | $ | 25,529 |  | $ | 15,411 |  | $ | 7,964 |  | $ | 17,873 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 114,558 |
Total other residential | $ | 15,800 |  | $ | 31,981 |  | $ | 25,529 |  | $ | 15,411 |  | $ | 7,964 |  | $ | 17,873 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 114,558 |
Installment and other consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 17,207 |  | $ | 7,748 |  | $ | 9,436 |  | $ | 5,633 |  | $ | 1,123 |  | $ | 6,620 |  | $ | 1,766 |  | $ | 49,533 |
Total installment and other consumer | $ | 17,207 |  | $ | 7,748 |  | $ | 9,436 |  | $ | 5,633 |  | $ | 1,123 |  | $ | 6,620 |  | $ | 1,766 |  | $ | 49,533 |
Total loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass and Watch | $ | 445,036 |  | $ | 375,654 |  | $ | 306,557 |  | $ | 222,117 |  | $ | 129,675 |  | $ | 486,821 |  | $ | 180,287 |  | $ | 2,146,147 |
Total Special Mention | $ | 16,748 |  | $ | 2,914 |  | $ | 3,298 |  | $ | 19,892 |  | $ | 1,787 |  | $ | 26,536 |  | $ | 2,088 |  | $ | 73,263 |
Total Substandard | $ | — |  | $ | 7,155 |  | $ | 285 |  | $ | 695 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 26,511 |  | $ | 1,475 |  | $ | 36,121 |
Total Doubtful | $ | — |  | $ | 114 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 114 |
Totals | $ | 461,784 |  | $ | 385,837 |  | $ | 310,140 |  | $ | 242,704 |  | $ | 131,462 |  | $ | 539,868 |  | $ | 183,850 |  | $ | 2,255,645 |
The following table shows the amortized cost of loans by class, payment aging and non-accrual status as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Loan Aging Analysis by Class
(in thousands) | Commercial and industrial | Commercial real estate, owner-occupied | Commercial real estate, investor-owned | Construction | Home equity | Other residential | Installment and other consumer | Total
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
30-59 days past due | $ | 3 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 319 |  | $ | 93 |  | $ | 5 |  | $ | 420 |
60-89 days past due | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 244 |  | — |  | — |  | 244 |
90 days or more past due 1 | 264 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 414 |  | — |  | — |  | 678 |
Total past due | 267 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 977 |  | 93 |  | 5 |  | 1,342 |
Current | 173,280 |  | 354,877 |  | 1,191,889 |  | 114,373 |  | 87,771 |  | 112,030 |  | 56,984 |  | 2,091,204 |
Total loans 1 | $ | 173,547 |  | $ | 354,877 |  | $ | 1,191,889 |  | $ | 114,373 |  | $ | 88,748 |  | $ | 112,123 |  | $ | 56,989 |  | $ | 2,092,546 |
Non-accrual loans 2 | $ | — |  | $ | 1,563 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 778 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 91 |  | $ | 2,432 |
Non-accrual loans with no allowance | $ | — |  | $ | 1,563 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 778 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 91 |  | $ | 2,432 |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
30-59 days past due | $ | 2 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 498 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,036 |  | $ | 1,536 |
60-89 days past due | 394 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 67 |  | — |  | — |  | 461 |
90 days or more past due 1 | 229 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 88 |  | — |  | — |  | 317 |
Total past due | 625 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 653 |  | — |  | 1,036 |  | 2,314 |
Current | 300,977 |  | 392,345 |  | 1,189,021 |  | 119,840 |  | 88,093 |  | 114,558 |  | 48,497 |  | 2,253,331 |
Total loans 1 | $ | 301,602 |  | $ | 392,345 |  | $ | 1,189,021 |  | $ | 119,840 |  | $ | 88,746 |  | $ | 114,558 |  | $ | 49,533 |  | $ | 2,255,645 |
Non-accrual loans 2 | $ | — |  | $ | 7,269 |  | $ | 694 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 413 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 8,376 |
Non-accrual loans with no allowance | $ | — |  | $ | 7,269 |  | $ | 694 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 413 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 8,376 |
1 There were no non-performing loans past due more than ninety days and accruing interest at December 31, 2022 and 2021. There were $264 thousand and $229 thousand in SBA PPP loans included in commercial and industrial that were past due ninety days as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for which the loan was either in process of SBA forgiveness or purchase. 2 None of the non-accrual loans as of December 31, 2022 or 2021 were earning interest on a cash basis. We recognized no interest income on non-accrual loans in 2022, 2021 or 2020. Accrued interest of $48 thousand was reversed from interest income for the loans that were placed on non-accrual status in 2022. No interest income was reversed for the single loan that was placed on non-accrual status in 2021. Collateral Dependent Loans The following table presents the amortized cost basis of individually analyzed collateral-dependent loans, which are on non-accrual status, by class at December 31, 2022 and 2021.
| Amortized Cost by Collateral Type |
(in thousands) | Commercial Real Estate | Residential Real Estate |  | Other | Total 1 | Allowance for Credit Losses
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate, owner-occupied | $ | 1,563 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,563 |  | $ | — |
Home equity | — |  | 778 |  |  | — |  | 778 |  | — |
Installment and other consumer | — |  | — |  |  | 91 |  | 91 |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,563 |  | $ | 778 |  |  | $ | 91 |  | $ | 2,432 |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate, owner-occupied | $ | 7,269 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | 7,269 |  | $ | — |
Commercial real estate, investor-owned | 694 |  | — |  |  | — |  | 694 |  | — |
Home equity | — |  | 413 |  |  | — |  | 413 |  | — |
Total | $ | 7,963 |  | $ | 413 |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | 8,376 |  | $ | — |
1 There were no collateral-dependent residential real estate mortgage loans in process of foreclosure or in substance repossessed, at December 31, 2022 and 2021. The weighted average loan-to-value of collateral-dependent loans was approximately 42% and 67% at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Troubled Debt Restructuring The following table summarizes the amortized cost of TDR loans by loan class as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
| December 31,
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021
Commercial and industrial | $ | 900 |  | $ | 1,183 |
Commercial real estate, owner-occupied | 1,160 |  | 7,155 |
Commercial real estate, investor-owned | 160 |  | 179 |
Home equity | 619 |  | 386 |
Installment and other consumer | 549 |  | 607 |
Total 1 | $ | 3,388 |  | $ | 9,510 |
1 TDR loans on non-accrual status totaled $1.6 million and $7.4 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Unfunded commitments for TDR loans totaled $209 thousand and $441 thousand as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. After meeting all of the conditions specified in Note 1, we removed one commercial loan with a remaining amortized cost of $2 thousand and an unfunded commitment of $600 thousand from TDR designation during 2021. There were no loans removed from TDR designation during either 2022 or 2020. The following table presents information for loans modified in a TDR during the presented periods, including the number of modified contracts, the amortized cost of the loans prior to modification, and the amortized cost of the loans at period end after being restructured. The table excludes fully charged-off TDR loans and loans modified in a TDR and subsequently paid-off during the years presented, if applicable.
(dollars in thousands) | Number of Contracts Modified | Pre-Modification Amortized Cost | Post-Modification Amortized Cost | Post-Modification Amortized Cost at Period End
TDRs modified during 2022: |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate, owner-occupied | 1 |  | $ | 1,758 |  | $ | 1,758 |  | $ | 1,160 |
Home equity | 3 |  | 247 |  | 247 |  | 240 |
Total | 4 |  | $ | 2,005 |  | $ | 2,005 |  | $ | 1,400 |
TDRs modified during 2021: |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 1 |  | $ | 1,101 |  | $ | 1,101 |  | $ | 901 |
Home equity | 1 |  | 120 |  | 120 |  | 120 |
Total | 2 |  | $ | 1,221 |  | $ | 1,221 |  | $ | 1,021 |
TDRs modified during 2020: |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 1 |  | $ | 170 |  | $ | 162 |  | $ | 96 |
Commercial real estate, investor-owned | 1 |  | 1,553 |  | 1,553 |  | 1,553 |
Home equity | 1 |  | 276 |  | 276 |  | 271 |
Installment and other consumer | 2 |  | 204 |  | 204 |  | 201 |
Total | 5 |  | $ | 2,203 |  | $ | 2,195 |  | $ | 2,121 |
The loan modifications in 2022 included one or more of the following: payment deferment, maturity date extension, interest rate concession, and/or other payment modifications. The loans modified during 2021 and 2020 reflected debt consolidation, interest rate concessions, and/or other loan term and payment modifications that did not meet the criteria specified by the 2020 CARES Act for temporary relief from TDR accounting. During 2022, 2021 and 2020, there were no other defaults on loans that had been modified in a TDR within the prior twelve-month period. We report defaulted TDRs based on a payment default definition of more than ninety days past due. Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Rollforward The following table discloses activity in the allowance for credit losses for the periods presented.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Rollforward
(in thousands) | Commercial and industrial | Commercial real estate, owner-occupied | Commercial real estate, investor-owned | Construction | Home equity | Other residential | Installment and other consumer | Unallocated | Total
Year ended December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 1,709 |  | $ | 2,776 |  | $ | 12,739 |  | $ | 1,653 |  | $ | 595 |  | $ | 644 |  | $ | 621 |  | $ | 2,286 |  | $ | 23,023 |
Provision (reversal) | 72 |  | (289) |  | (63) |  | 251 |  | (37) |  | (49) |  | 270 |  | (218) |  | (63) |
(Charge-offs) | (9) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (23) |  | — |  | (32) |
Recoveries | 22 |  | — |  | — |  | 33 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 55 |
Ending balance | $ | 1,794 |  | $ | 2,487 |  | $ | 12,676 |  | $ | 1,937 |  | $ | 558 |  | $ | 595 |  | $ | 868 |  | $ | 2,068 |  | $ | 22,983 |
Year ended December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 2,530 |  | $ | 2,778 |  | $ | 12,682 |  | $ | 1,557 |  | $ | 738 |  | $ | 998 |  | $ | 291 |  | $ | 1,300 |  | 22,874 |
Provision (reversal) | (1,240) |  | (561) |  | (476) |  | 62 |  | (193) |  | (360) |  | 333 |  | 986 |  | (1,449) |
Initial allowance for PCD loans 1 | 405 |  | 559 |  | 533 |  | — |  | — |  | 6 |  | 2 |  | — |  | 1,505 |
(Charge-offs) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (5) |  | — |  | (5) |
Recoveries | 14 |  | — |  | — |  | 34 |  | 50 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 98 |
Ending balance | $ | 1,709 |  | $ | 2,776 |  | $ | 12,739 |  | $ | 1,653 |  | $ | 595 |  | $ | 644 |  | $ | 621 |  | $ | 2,286 |  | $ | 23,023 |
Year ended December 31, 2020 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 2,334 |  | $ | 2,462 |  | $ | 8,483 |  | $ | 638 |  | $ | 850 |  | $ | 973 |  | $ | 284 |  | $ | 653 |  | $ | 16,677 |
Provision - incurred loss method | 208 |  | 673 |  | 3,141 |  | 219 |  | 188 |  | 287 |  | 122 |  | 612 |  | 5,450 |
(Charge-offs) | (30) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (30) |
Recoveries | 13 |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 16 |
Balance at September 30, 2020 | 2,525 |  | 3,135 |  | 11,624 |  | 860 |  | 1,038 |  | 1,260 |  | 406 |  | 1,265 |  | 22,113 |
Impact of CECL adoption | (278) |  | 138 |  | 1,755 |  | 201 |  | (361) |  | (212) |  | (125) |  | 486 |  | 1,604 |
Post adoption balance at October 1, 2020 | 2,247 |  | 3,273 |  | 13,379 |  | 1,061 |  | 677 |  | 1,048 |  | 281 |  | 1,751 |  | 23,717 |
Provision (reversal) - CECL method | 269 |  | (495) |  | (697) |  | 496 |  | 61 |  | (50) |  | 11 |  | (451) |  | (856) |
(Charge-offs) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1) |  | — |  | (1) |
Recoveries | 14 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 14 |
Ending balance | $ | 2,530 |  | $ | 2,778 |  | $ | 12,682 |  | $ | 1,557 |  | $ | 738 |  | $ | 998 |  | $ | 291 |  | $ | 1,300 |  | $ | 22,874 |
1 The initial allowance for PCD loans relates to the AMRB merger discussed in Note 18, Merger. 2 Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for a discussion of our methodology for the adoption of the current expected credit loss ("CECL") accounting standards in 2020. Pledged Loans Our FHLB line of credit is secured under terms of a blanket collateral agreement by a pledge of certain qualifying loans with unpaid principal balances of $1.298 billion and $1.330 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. In addition, we pledge eligible TIC loans, which totaled $105.0 million and $106.2 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, to secure our borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB"). For additional information, see Note 7, Borrowings. Related Party Loans The Bank has, and expects to have in the future, banking transactions in the ordinary course of its business with directors, officers, principal shareholders and their businesses or associates. These transactions, including loans, are granted on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral on loans, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with persons not related to us. Likewise, these transactions do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. The following table shows changes in net loans to related parties for each of the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
(in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 7,942 |  | $ | 6,423 |  | $ | 8,333 |
Additions | 1,525 |  | — |  | — |
Assumed in the AMRB acquisition | — |  | 4,037 |  | — |
Repayments | (364) |  | (2,518) |  | (1,910) |
Reclassified due to a change in borrower status | (2,658) |  | — |  | — |
Balance at end of year | $ | 6,445 |  | $ | 7,942 |  | $ | 6,423 |
Undisbursed commitments to related parties totaled $562 thousand and $8.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decreases in both the outstanding amount and undisbursed commitments as of December 31, 2022 were primarily due to a Director retirement in the first quarter.

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