Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Hierarchy and Fair Value Measurement

We group our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value into three levels within the fair value hierarchy, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

Level 1: Valuations are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Valuations are based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuations for which all significant assumptions are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Valuations are based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Values are determined using pricing models and discounted cash flow models and may include significant management judgment and estimation.

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized through our monthly and/or quarterly valuation process in the reporting period during which the event or circumstances that caused the transfer occurred. No such transfers occurred in the years presented.

The following table summarizes our assets and liabilities that were required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.


(in thousands) Description of Financial Instruments	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Measurement Categories: Changes in Fair Value Recorded In1
September 30, 2023
Securities available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. government-sponsored agencies	$	384,933	$	—	$	384,933	$	—	OCI
SBA-backed securities	$	28,223	$	—	$	28,223	$	—	OCI
Debentures of government sponsored agencies	$	117,166	$	—	$	117,166	$	—	OCI
U.S. Treasury securities	$	10,215	$	10,215	$	—	$	—	OCI

Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	83,722	$	—	$	83,722	$	—	OCI
Corporate bonds	$	34,556	$	—	$	34,556	$	—	OCI

Derivative financial assets (interest rate contracts - loans)	$	854	$	—	$	854	$	—	NI

Derivative financial assets (interest rate contracts - AFS securities)	$	367	$	—	$	367	$	—	NI
December 31, 2022
Securities available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. government-sponsored agencies	$	475,505	$	—	$	475,505	$	—	OCI
SBA-backed securities	$	44,355	$	—	$	44,355	$	—	OCI
Debentures of government sponsored agencies	$	135,106	$	—	$	135,106	$	—	OCI
U.S. Treasury securities	$	10,269	$	10,269	$	—	$	—	OCI

Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	102,123	$	—	$	102,123	$	—	OCI
Corporate bonds	$	33,276	$	—	$	33,276	$	—	OCI
Asset-backed securities	$	1,462	$	—	$	1,462	$	—	OCI
Derivative financial assets (interest rate contracts - loans)	$	602	$	—	$	602	$	—	NI

1 Other comprehensive income ("OCI") or net income ("NI").

Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. When available, quoted market prices (Level 1) are used to determine the fair value of available-for-sale securities. Level 1 securities include U.S. Treasury securities. If quoted market prices are not available, we obtain pricing information from a reputable third-party service provider, who may utilize valuation techniques that use current market-based or independently sourced parameters, such as bid/ask prices, dealer-quoted prices, interest rates, benchmark yield curves, prepayment speeds, probability of default, loss severity and credit spreads (Level 2). Level 2 securities include asset-backed securities, obligations of state and political subdivisions, U.S. agencies or government-sponsored agencies' debt securities, mortgage-backed securities, government agency-issued, and corporate bonds. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no Level 3 securities.

Held-to-maturity securities may be subject to an allowance for credit losses as a result of our evaluation of expected losses due to credit quality factors. We did not record any credit loss expense on held-to-maturity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 or September 30, 2022. Fair value of held-to-maturity securities is determined using the same techniques discussed above for available-for-sale securities.

On a recurring basis, derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value, which is based on the income approach using observable Level 2 market inputs, reflecting market expectations of future interest rates as of the measurement date. Standard valuation techniques are used to calculate the present value of the future expected cash flows assuming an orderly transaction. Valuation adjustments may be made to reflect both our own credit risk and the counterparties’ credit risk in determining the fair value of the derivatives. These unobservable inputs are not considered significant inputs to the fair value measurement overall. Level 2 inputs for the valuations are limited to observable market prices for Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") and Overnight Index Swap ("OIS") rates (for the very short term), quoted prices for SOFR futures contracts, observable market prices for SOFR and OIS swap rates, and one-month and three-month SOFR basis spreads at commonly quoted intervals. Mid-market pricing of the inputs is used as a practical expedient in the fair value measurements. We project spot rates at reset days specified by each swap contract to determine future cash flows, then discount to present value using OIS curves as of the measurement date. When the value of any collateral placed with counterparties is less than the interest rate derivative liability, a credit valuation adjustment ("CVA") is applied to reflect the credit risk we pose to counterparties. We have used the spread between the Standard & Poor's BBB rated U.S. Bank Composite rate and

SOFR for the closest maturity term corresponding to the duration of the swaps to derive the CVA. Because there is little to no counterparty risk, we did not incorporate credit adjustments from our assessment of the counterparty credit risk in determining fair value. For further discussion on our methodology in valuing our derivative financial instruments, refer to Note 9, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities.

Certain financial assets may be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are subject to fair value adjustments that result from the application of the lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets, such as individually analyzed loans that are collateral dependent and other real estate owned ("OREO").

OREO is classified as Level 3 and represents collateral acquired through foreclosure and is initially recorded at fair value as established by a current appraisal of the collateral. Subsequent to foreclosure, OREO is carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. On July 12, 2023, the Bank completed the sale of its only OREO property.

The following table presents the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and that were held in the consolidated statements of condition at each respective period end, by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.


(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2023
Other real estate owned	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
December 31, 2022
Other real estate owned	$	455	$	—	$	—	$	455

Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The table below is a summary of fair value estimates for financial instruments as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, excluding financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis (summarized in the first table in this note). The carrying amounts in the following table are recorded in the consolidated statements of condition under the indicated captions. Further, we have not disclosed the fair value of financial instruments specifically excluded from disclosure requirements such as bank-owned life insurance policies ("BOLI"), lease obligations and non-maturity deposit liabilities. Additionally, we held shares of Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of San Francisco stock at cost as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and Visa Inc. Class B common stock with no carrying value, as of December 31, 2022, which was sold entirely in July of 2023. There were no impairment or changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer as of September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. The values are discussed in Note 4, Investment Securities.


	September 30, 2023					December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Carrying Amounts		Fair Value		Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amounts		Fair Value		Fair Value Hierarchy
Financial assets (recorded at amortized cost):
Cash and cash equivalents	$	123,132	$	123,132	Level 1	$	45,424	$	45,424	Level 1
Investment securities held-to-maturity	935,142		783,216		Level 2	972,207		845,239		Level 2
Loans, net	2,062,682		1,949,647		Level 3	2,069,563		1,993,866		Level 3
Interest receivable	11,714		11,714		Level 2	13,069		13,069		Level 2
Financial liabilities (recorded at amortized cost):
Time deposits	232,377		233,757		Level 2	119,030		118,333		Level 2
Federal Home Loan Bank short-term borrowings	—		—		Level 2	112,000		112,000		Level 2
Federal Reserve Bank - Bank Term Funding Program ("BTFP")	120,000		119,882		Level 2	—		—		Level 2


Interest payable	1,643		1,643		Level 2	75		75		Level 2

Fair value of loans is based on exit price techniques and obtained from an independent third-party that uses its proprietary valuation model and methodology and may differ from actual price from a prospective buyer. The

discounted cash flow valuation approach reflects key inputs and assumptions that are unobservable, such as loan probability of default, loss given default, prepayment speed, and market discount rates.

Fair value of fixed-rate time deposits is estimated by discounting future contractual cash flows using discount rates that reflect the current observable market rates offered for time deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Due to the short-term nature of the FHLB borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2022, the carrying value approximated fair value.

The fair value of the borrowings under the BTFP is estimated by discounting the contractual cash flow using the program's period end financing rate.

The value of off-balance-sheet financial instruments is estimated based on the fee income associated with the commitments, which in the absence of credit exposure, is considered to approximate their settlement value. The fair value of commitment fees was not material as of September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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