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Concentrations of Credit Risk
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]  
Concentrations of Credit Risk Concentrations of Credit Risk
Concentration of credit risk is associated with a lack of diversification, such as having substantial investments in a few individual issuers, thereby potentially exposing us to adverse economic, political, regulatory, geographic, industrial or credit developments. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investment securities and loans.
At times, our cash in correspondent bank accounts may exceed FDIC insured limits. We place cash and cash equivalents with the Federal Reserve Bank and other high credit quality financial institutions, periodically monitor their credit worthiness and limit the amount of credit exposure to any one institution according to regulations.
Concentrations of credit risk with respect to investment securities primarily related to the U.S. government and GSEs, which accounted for $1.272 billion, or 86% of our total investment portfolio at December 31, 2023 and $1.535 billion, or 87% at December 31, 2022. The decrease was mainly due to the sale of $167.4 million and $106.1 million in paydowns of this security type in 2023. The largest security not issued by the U.S. government or a GSE accounted for approximately 1% of our total investment portfolio at both December 31, 2023 and 2022.
We also manage our credit exposure related to our loan portfolio to avoid the risk of undue concentration of credits in a particular industry or geographic location by reducing significant exposure to highly leveraged transactions or to
any individual customer or counterparty, and by obtaining collateral, as appropriate. With the heightened market concern about non-owner-occupied commercial real estate, and in particular the office sector, we continue to maintain diversity among property types and within our geographic footprint. In particular, our office commercial real estate portfolio in the City of San Francisco represented 3% of our total loan portfolio and 6% of our total non-owner-occupied commercial real estate portfolio as of December 31, 2023.
No single borrower relationship accounted for more than 3% of outstanding loan balances at December 31, 2023 or 2022. The largest loan concentration is real estate, which accounted for 90% of our loan portfolio at both December 31, 2023 and 2022.