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Investment Securities | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investment Securities | Investment Securities Our investment securities portfolio consists of obligations of state and political subdivisions, U.S. federal government agencies, such as the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA") and Small Business Administration ("SBA"), and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"), such as the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation and FHLB, and U.S. and foreign corporations. We also invest in residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”/"CMBS") and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) issued or guaranteed by the GSEs, as reflected in the following table. A summary of the amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses related to securities held-to-maturity as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is presented below.
Held-to-maturity: | Amortized Cost 1 | Allowance for Credit Losses | Net Carrying Amount | Gross Unrealized | Fair Value |
(in thousands) | Gains | (Losses) |
September 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMBS issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | $ | 237,757 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 237,757 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (26,472) |  | $ | 211,285 |  |
CMOs issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | 194,734 |  | — |  | 194,734 |  | 91 |  | (12,490) |  | 182,335 |  |
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | 180,148 |  | — |  | 180,148 |  | — |  | (23,771) |  | 156,377 |  |
SBA-backed securities | 1,252 |  | — |  | 1,252 |  | — |  | (28) |  | 1,224 |  |
Debentures of government-sponsored agencies | 121,656 |  | — |  | 121,656 |  | — |  | (17,028) |  | 104,628 |  |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | 61,204 |  | — |  | 61,204 |  | 12 |  | (6,973) |  | 54,243 |  |
Corporate bonds | 15,000 |  | — |  | 15,000 |  | — |  | (285) |  | 14,715 |  |
Total held-to-maturity | $ | 811,751 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 811,751 |  | $ | 103 |  | $ | (87,047) |  | $ | 724,807 |  |
December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMBS issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | $ | 242,559 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 242,559 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (34,449) |  | $ | 208,110 |  |
CMOs issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | 209,748 |  | — |  | 209,748 |  | — |  | (18,492) |  | 191,256 |  |
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | 192,388 |  | — |  | 192,388 |  | — |  | (30,942) |  | 161,446 |  |
SBA-backed securities | 1,513 |  | — |  | 1,513 |  | — |  | (61) |  | 1,452 |  |
Debentures of government-sponsored agencies | 141,431 |  | — |  | 141,431 |  | — |  | (22,694) |  | 118,737 |  |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | 61,560 |  | — |  | 61,560 |  | — |  | (8,341) |  | 53,219 |  |
Corporate bonds | 30,000 |  | — |  | 30,000 |  | — |  | (685) |  | 29,315 |  |
Total held-to-maturity | $ | 879,199 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 879,199 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (115,664) |  | $ | 763,535 |  |
1 Amortized cost and fair values exclude accrued interest receivable of $2.2 million and $3.4 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which is included in interest receivable and other assets in the consolidated statements of condition. |
Management measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity securities collectively by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. With regard to MBS, CMBS and CMOs issued or guaranteed by the GSEs, and SBA-backed securities, we expect to receive all the contractual principal and interest on these securities as such securities are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. government. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. With regard to securities issued by states and political subdivisions and corporate bonds, management considers: (i) issuer and/or guarantor credit ratings, (ii) historical probability of default and loss given default rates for given bond ratings and remaining maturity, (iii) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities, (iv) internal credit review of the financial information, and (v) whether or not such securities have credit enhancements such as guarantees, contain a defeasance clause, or are pre-refunded by the issuers. Based on the comprehensive anal ysis, no cred it losses are expected. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of our portfolio of held-to-maturity securities issued by states and political subdivisions and corporate bonds by Moody's and/or Standard & Poor's bond ratings as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
| Obligations of state and political subdivisions | Corporate bonds |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |
Aaa / AAA | $ | 38,388 |  | $ | 42,161 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Aa1 / AA+ | 22,816 |  | 19,399 |  | — |  | — |  |  |  |  |
A2 / A | — |  | — |  | 15,000 |  | 30,000 |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 61,204 |  | $ | 61,560 |  | $ | 15,000 |  | $ | 30,000 |  |  |  |  |
A summary of the amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses related to securities available-for-sale as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is presented below.
Available-for-sale: | Amortized Cost 1 | Gross Unrealized | Allowance for Credit Losses | Fair Value
(in thousands) | Gains | (Losses)
September 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |
Securities of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |
CMBS issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | $ | 246,548 |  | $ | 790 |  | $ | (635) |  | $ | — |  | $ | 246,703 |
CMOs issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | 162,809 |  | 543 |  | (1,214) |  | — |  | 162,138 |
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | 108,182 |  | 340 |  | (2,440) |  | — |  | 106,082 |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | 33,772 |  | — |  | (5,090) |  | — |  | 28,682 |
Total available-for-sale | $ | 551,311 |  | $ | 1,673 |  | $ | (9,379) |  | $ | — |  | $ | 543,605 |
December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |
Securities of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises: |  |  |  |  |
CMBS issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | $ | 222,862 |  | $ | 154 |  | $ | (4,977) |  | $ | — |  | 218,039 |
CMOs issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | 42,432 |  | 28 |  | (6,321) |  | — |  | 36,139 |
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | 30,498 |  | 2 |  | (4,840) |  | $ | — |  | 25,660 |
SBA-backed securities | 331 |  | — |  | (23) |  | — |  | 308 |
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies | 8,971 |  | — |  | (1,761) |  | — |  | 7,210 |
U.S. Treasury securities | 12,020 |  | — |  | (1,205) |  |  | 10,815 |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | 96,178 |  | — |  | (12,464) |  | — |  | 83,714 |
Corporate bonds | 6,000 |  | — |  | (351) |  | — |  | 5,649 |
Total available-for-sale | $ | 419,292 |  | $ | 184 |  | $ | (31,942) |  | $ | — |  | $ | 387,534 |
1 Amortized cost and fair value exclude accrued interest receivable of $1.8 million and $1.7 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which is included in interest receivable and other assets in the consolidated statements of condition.
The amortized cost a nd fair value of investment debt securities by contractual maturity at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if the issuers of the securities have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| Held-to-Maturity |  | Available-for-Sale |  | Held-to-Maturity |  | Available-for-Sale
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost | Fair Value
Within one year | $ | 12,952 |  | $ | 12,853 |  |  | $ | 40,067 |  | $ | 40,026 |  |  | $ | 36,476 |  | $ | 36,380 |  |  | $ | 99,431 |  | $ | 99,258 |
After one but within five years | 127,497 |  | 120,616 |  |  | 119,088 |  | 119,537 |  |  | 118,590 |  | 110,857 |  |  | 106,986 |  | 103,058 |
After five years through ten years | 217,568 |  | 190,411 |  |  | 119,044 |  | 119,034 |  |  | 229,040 |  | 191,328 |  |  | 75,429 |  | 67,940 |
After ten years | 453,734 |  | 400,927 |  |  | 273,112 |  | 265,008 |  |  | 495,093 |  | 424,970 |  |  | 137,446 |  | 117,278 |
Total | $ | 811,751 |  | $ | 724,807 |  |  | $ | 551,311 |  | $ | 543,605 |  |  | $ | 879,199 |  | $ | 763,535 |  |  | $ | 419,292 |  | $ | 387,534 |
Sales of investment securities and gross gains and losses are shown in the following table:
| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
(in thousands) | September 30, 2025 | September 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2025 | September 30, 2024
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |
Sales proceeds | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 167,017 |  | $ | 292,621 |
Gross realized losses | — |  | — |  |  | (18,736) |  | (32,541) |
The reported values of pledged investment securities are shown in the following table.
(in thousands) | September 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024
Pledged to the State of California: |  |
Secure public deposits in compliance with the Local Agency Security Program | $ | 319,454 |  | $ | 288,385 |
Collateral for trust deposits | 1,200 |  | 1,284 |
Collateral for Wealth Management and Trust Services checking account | 1,500 |  | 895 |
Total investment securities pledged to the State of California | 322,154 |  | 290,564 |
Bankruptcy trustee deposits pledged with Federal Reserve Bank | 2,138 |  | 651 |
Pledged to FHLB Securities-Backed Credit Program | 269,768 |  | 284,148 |
Pledged to the Federal Reserve Discount Window | 319,109 |  | 365,759 |
Total pledged investment securities | $ | 913,169 |  | $ | 941,122 |
There were 172 and 269 securities in unrealized loss positions at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Those securities are summarized and classified according to the duration of the loss period in the tables below:
September 30, 2025 | < 12 continuous months |  | ≥ 12 continuous months |  | Total securities in a loss position
(in thousands) | Fair value | Unrealized loss |  | Fair value | Unrealized loss |  | Fair value | Unrealized loss
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMBS issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 211,285 |  | $ | (26,472) |  |  | $ | 211,285 |  | $ | (26,472) |
CMOs issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | — |  | — |  |  | 172,617 |  | (12,490) |  |  | 172,617 |  | (12,490) |
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | — |  | — |  |  | 156,094 |  | (23,771) |  |  | 156,094 |  | (23,771) |
SBA-backed securities | — |  | — |  |  | 1,224 |  | (28) |  |  | 1,224 |  | (28) |
Debentures of government-sponsored agencies | — |  | — |  |  | 104,628 |  | (17,028) |  |  | 104,628 |  | (17,028) |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | — |  | — |  |  | 51,206 |  | (6,973) |  |  | 51,206 |  | (6,973) |
Corporate bonds | — |  | — |  |  | 14,715 |  | (285) |  |  | 14,715 |  | (285) |
Total held-to-maturity | — |  | — |  |  | 711,769 |  | (87,047) |  |  | 711,769 |  | (87,047) |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMBS issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | $ | 94,823 |  | $ | (165) |  |  | $ | 27,965 |  | $ | (470) |  |  | $ | 122,788 |  | $ | (635) |
CMOs issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | 54,133 |  | (645) |  |  | 3,273 |  | (569) |  |  | 57,406 |  | (1,214) |
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | 47,098 |  | (175) |  |  | 11,936 |  | (2,265) |  |  | 59,034 |  | (2,440) |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | 247 |  | (3) |  |  | 28,434 |  | (5,087) |  |  | 28,682 |  | (5,090) |
Total available-for-sale | 196,301 |  | (988) |  |  | 71,608 |  | (8,391) |  |  | 267,910 |  | (9,379) |
Total securities at loss position | $ | 196,301 |  | $ | (988) |  |  | $ | 783,377 |  | $ | (95,438) |  |  | $ | 979,679 |  | $ | (96,426) |
December 31, 2024 | < 12 continuous months |  | ≥ 12 continuous months |  | Total securities in a loss position
(in thousands) | Fair value | Unrealized loss |  | Fair value | Unrealized loss |  | Fair value | Unrealized loss
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMBS issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 208,110 |  | $ | (34,449) |  |  | $ | 208,110 |  | $ | (34,449) |
CMOs issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | 18,451 |  | (1,623) |  |  | 172,805 |  | (16,869) |  |  | 191,256 |  | (18,492) |
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | 3,487 |  | (150) |  |  | 157,959 |  | (30,792) |  |  | 161,446 |  | (30,942) |
SBA-backed securities | — |  | — |  |  | 1,452 |  | (61) |  |  | 1,452 |  | (61) |
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies | — |  | — |  |  | 118,737 |  | (22,694) |  |  | 118,737 |  | (22,694) |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | 5,558 |  | (44) |  |  | 47,661 |  | (8,297) |  |  | 53,219 |  | (8,341) |
Corporate Bonds | — |  | — |  |  | 29,315 |  | (685) |  |  | 29,315 |  | (685) |
Total held-to-maturity | 27,496 |  | (1,817) |  |  | 736,039 |  | (113,847) |  |  | 763,535 |  | (115,664) |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMBS issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | $ | 129,402 |  | $ | (343) |  |  | $ | 58,065 |  | $ | (4,634) |  |  | $ | 187,467 |  | $ | (4,977) |
CMOs issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | — |  | — |  |  | 33,749 |  | (6,321) |  |  | 33,749 |  | (6,321) |
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA | 7 |  | — |  |  | 25,495 |  | (4,840) |  |  | 25,502 |  | (4,840) |
SBA-backed securities | — |  | — |  |  | 309 |  | (23) |  |  | 309 |  | (23) |
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies | — |  | — |  |  | 7,210 |  | (1,761) |  |  | 7,210 |  | (1,761) |
U.S. Treasury securities | — |  | — |  |  | 10,815 |  | (1,205) |  |  | 10,815 |  | (1,205) |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | — |  | — |  |  | 83,714 |  | (12,464) |  |  | 83,714 |  | (12,464) |
Corporate Bonds | — |  | — |  |  | 5,649 |  | (351) |  |  | 5,649 |  | (351) |
Total available-for-sale | 129,409 |  | (343) |  |  | 225,006 |  | (31,599) |  |  | 354,415 |  | (31,942) |
Total securities at loss position | $ | 156,905 |  | $ | (2,160) |  |  | $ | 961,045 |  | $ | (145,446) |  |  | $ | 1,117,950 |  | $ | (147,606) |
As of September 30, 2025, the investment portfolio included 145 investment securities that had been in a continuous loss position for twelve months or more and 27 investment securities that had been in a loss position for less than twelve months. Securities issued by government-sponsored agencies, such as FNMA and FHLMC, usually have implicit credit support from the U.S. federal government. However, since 2008, FNMA and FHLMC have been under government conservatorship and, therefore, contractual cash flows for these investments carry explicit guarantees by the U.S. federal government while FNMA and FHLMC remain under conservatorship. Securities issued by the SBA and GNMA have explicit credit guarantees by the U.S. federal government, which protects us from credit losses on the contractual cash flows of the securities. Our investments in obligations of state and political subdivision bonds are deemed creditworthy after our comprehensive analysis of the issuers' latest financial information, credit ratings by major credit agencies, and/or credit enhancements. No allowances for credit losses have been recognized on available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, as management does not believe any of the securities are impaired due to credit risk factors at either September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. In addition, for any available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Bank assessed whether it intended to sell the securities, or if it was more likely than not that it would be required to sell the securities before recovery of its amortized cost basis, which would require a write-down to fair value through net income. Because the Bank did not intend to sell those securities that were in an unrealized loss position, and it was not more-likely-than-not that the Bank would be required to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases, the Bank determined that no write-down was necessary as of the reporting date. On July 7, 2023, the Bank entered into various interest rate swap agreements with notional values totaling $101.8 million to hedge balance sheet interest rate sensitivity and protect selected securities in its available-for-sale portfolio against changes in fair value related to changes in the benchmark interest rate. In the fourth quarter of 2024, the Bank terminated these contracts resulting in an immaterial loss to be amortized over the life of the hedged securities. In the second quarter of 2025, a total of $69.1 million of par value of these securities were sold. For additional details, refer to Note 9, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities. Non-Marketable Securities Included in Other Assets FHLB Capital Stock As a member of the FHLB, we are required to maintain a minimum investment in FHLB capital stock as determined by the Board of Directors of the FHLB. The minimum investment requirements can increase in the event we increase our total asset size or borrowings with the FHLB. Shares cannot be purchased or sold except between the FHLB and its members at the $100 per share par value. We held $16.7 million of FHLB stock included in other assets on the consolidated statements of condition at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The carrying amounts of these investments are reasonable estimates of fair value because the securities are restricted to member banks, and they do not have a readily determinable market value. Based on our analysis of FHLB's financial condition and certain qualitative factors, we determined that the FHLB stock w as not im paired at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. On October 23, 2025, FHLB announced a cash dividend for the third quarter of 2025 at an annualized dividend rate of 8.75% to be distributed in mid-November 2025. Cash dividends paid on FHLB capital stock are recorded as non-interest income.

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