Loans held for investment outstanding at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are summarized as follows:

The Company has pledged loans held for investment (in thousands) as collateral for borrowings with the FHLB totaling $146,075 and $104,791 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

During 2019, as a result of the Company’s acquisition of VCB, the acquired loan portfolio was initially measured at fair value and subsequently accounted for under either ASC Topic 310-30 or ASC 310-20. The outstanding principal balance and related carrying amount of these acquired loans included in the consolidated statement of condition as of December 31, 2019 is as follows:

The following table presents changes for the year ended December 31, 2019 in the accretable yield on the VCB purchased credit impaired loans for which the Company applies ASC 310-30:

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment of past due loans as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due & Accruing		Nonaccrual		Total Past Due & Nonaccrual		Current Loans			Total Loans
Commercial and industrial	$	1,652	$	—	$	—	$	441	$	2,093	$	75,189		$	77,282
Real estate – construction, commercial		820	—		—			929		1,749		36,290			38,039
Real estate – construction, residential		241	—		—		—			241		26,537			26,778
Real estate – mortgage, commercial		3,194	—		—			1,931		5,125		246,699			251,824
Real estate – mortgage, residential		319		217		369		713		1,618		206,876			208,494
Agricultural & Farmland	—		—		—		—		—			5,953			5,953
Consumer installment loans		894		408	—			776		2,078		37,124			39,202
Less: Unearned income	—		—		—		—		—			(738	)		(738	)
	$	7,120	$	625	$	369	$	4,790	$	12,904	$	633,930		$	646,834

	December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater than 90 Days Past Due & Accruing		Nonaccrual		Total Past Due & Nonaccrual		Current Loans			Total Loans
Commercial and industrial	$	280	$	29	$	—	$	312	$	621	$	48,455		$	49,076
Real estate – construction, commercial	—		—		—			979		979		13,687			14,666
Real estate – construction, residential	—		—			231	—			231		14,871			15,102
Real estate – mortgage, commercial		218		441		430		2,441		3,530		146,983			150,513
Real estate – mortgage, residential		760		7		1,079		1,441		3,287		146,569			149,856
Agricultural & Farmland		123	—			309	—			432		3,963			4,395
Consumer installment loans		1,017		408		4		357		1,786		30,193			31,979
Less: Unearned income	—		—		—		—		—			(719	)		(719	)
	$	2,398	$	885	$	2,053	$	5,530	$	10,866	$	404,002		$	414,868

A summary of changes in the allowance for loans losses for December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is as follows:

The following tables summarize the primary segments of the ALLL, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

	December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Commercial and Industrial			Real Estate- Construction Commercial		Real Estate- Construction Residential		Real Estate- Mortgage Commercial			Real Estate- Mortgage Residential			Agricultural & Farmland			Consumer Installment Loans			Total
ALLL Balance December 31, 2018	$	572		$	112	$	56		1,180		$	434		$	13		$	1,213		$	3,580
Charge-offs		(43	)	—		—			(3	)		(1	)	—				(914	)		(961	)
Recoveries	—			—		—		—				6		—				205			211
Provision		312			108		4		427			71		(4		)	824				1,742
ALLL Balance December 31, 2019	$	841		$	220	$	60	$	1,604		$	509		$	9		$	1,329		$	4,572

Individually evaluated for impairment		143		—		—			98		—			—			—				241
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	698		$	220	$	60	$	1,506		$	509		$	9		$	1,330		$	4,331

	December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Commercial and Industrial			Real Estate- Construction Commercial		Real Estate- Construction Residential		Real Estate- Mortgage Commercial		Real Estate- Mortgage Residential			Agricultural & Farmland		Consumer Installment Loans			Total
ALLL Balance December 31, 2017	$	494		$	93	$	36		809	$	405		$	13	$	952		$	2,802
Charge-offs		(5	)	—		—			—		(13	)	—			(545	)		(563	)
Recoveries	—			—		—		12			—		—			104			116
Provision		83			19		20		359		42		—		702				1,225
ALLL Balance December 31, 2018	$	572		$	112	$	56	$	1,180	$	434		$	13	$	1,213		$	3,580

Individually evaluated for impairment		—		—		—			—	—			—		—				—
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	572		$	112	$	56	$	1,180	$	434		$	13	$	1,213		$	3,580

A summary of the loan portfolio individually and collectively evaluated for impairment (in thousands) for December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment			Total
December 31, 2019
Commercial and industrial	$	280		$	77,002	$	77,282
Agricultural		—			446		446
Real Estate – construction, commercial		—			38,039		38,039
Real Estate – construction, residential		—			26,778		26,778
Real Estate – mortgage, commercial		733			251,091		251,824
Real Estate – mortgage, residential		395			208,099		208,494
Real Estate – mortgage, farmland		—			5,507		5,507
Consumer installment loans		—			39,202		39,202
Gross loans		1,408			646,164		647,572
Less: Unearned income		—			(738)		(738)
Total	$	1,408		$	645,426	$	646,834


(Dollars in thousands)	Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Collectively Evaluated for Impairment			Total
December 31, 2018
Commercial and industrial	$	—		$	49,076	$	49,076
Agricultural		—			216		216
Real Estate – construction, commercial		—			14,666		14,666
Real Estate – construction, residential		—			15,102		15,102
Real Estate – mortgage, commercial		1,258			149,255		150,513
Real Estate – mortgage residential		688			149,168		149,856
Real Estate – mortgage, farmland		—			4,179		4,179
Consumer installment loans		—			31,979		31,979
Gross loans		1,946			413,641		415,587
Less: Unearned income		—			(719)		(719)
Total	$	1,946		$	412,922	$	414,868

The following table presents information related to impaired loans, by portfolio segment, at the dates presented.


	December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no specific allowance recorded:
Real estate – mortgage, residential	$	395	$	395	$	—	$	527	$	7
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial		280		280		143		286		2
Real estate – mortgage, commercial		733		733		98		734		5
	$	1,408	$	1,408	$	241	$	1,547	$	14


	December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no specific allowance recorded:
Real estate – mortgage, residential	$	1,946	$	1,946	$	—	$	2,067	$	64

With an allowance recorded:		—		—		—		—		—
	$	1,946	$	1,946	$	—	$	2,067	$	64

Purchased loans from the 2016 River Bancorp, Inc. acquisition had remaining balances (in thousands) of $19,686 and 34,672 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Of these balances, three loan relationships were considered specifically impaired PCI loans. One of these relationships was resolved during 2018 and the Company recovered $200 of the balance previously written-off. During the first quarter of 2019, another loan relationship was resolved and the Company recovered $200 of the balance previously written-off. At December 31, 2019, the remaining specifically impaired PCI loans totaled $2,270 with a specific impairment of $190. The following table presents the recorded investment in the segments of the River Bancorp, Inc. purchased loans as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

The following table shows the Company’s loan portfolio broken down by internal loan grade as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Grade 1 Prime		Grade 2 Desirable		Grade 3 Good		Grade 4 Acceptable		Grade 5 Pass/Watch		Grade 6 Special Mention		Grade 7 Substandard		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	1,509	$	924	$	35,012	$	37,298	$	568	$	1,488	$	483	$	77,282
Agricultural	—		118		168		160		—		—		—		446
Real Estate – construction, commercial	—			1,454		24,667		10,850	102		—		966			38,039
Real Estate – construction, residential	—		139			9,355		14,331		2,953	—		—			26,778
Real Estate – mortgage, commercial	—			4,971		118,488		114,598		9,273		1,935		2,559		251,824
Real Estate – mortgage residential	—			4,611		100,665		98,116		3,470	130			1,502		208,494
Real Estate – mortgage, farmland		1,467	134			1,736		2,170	—		—		—			5,507
Consumer installment loans	293		72			17,872	20,067		116		—		782			39,202
Gross loans		3,269		12,423		307,963		297,590		16,482		3,553		6,292		647,572
Less: Unearned income															738
Total															$	646,834

	December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Grade 1 Prime		Grade 2 Desirable		Grade 3 Good		Grade 4 Acceptable		Grade 5 Pass/Watch		Grade 6 Special Mention		Grade 7 Substandard		Total
Commercial and industrial			$	2,660	$	21,009	$	24,254	$	797	$	—	$	312	$	49,076
Agricultural	9		99		105		3		—		—		—		216
Real Estate – construction, commercial	—		485			7,118		5,937	106		—			1,020		14,666
Real Estate – construction, residential	—		—			4,305		5,059		5,738	—		—			15,102
Real Estate – mortgage, commercial	—			1,920		82,097		53,487		8,470		1,668		2,871		150,513
Real Estate – mortgage residential	—			3,647		76,496		63,397		3,805	522			1,989		149,856
Real Estate – mortgage, farmland		1,700	100			1,340	730		—		—		309			4,179
Consumer installment loans	213		29			16,174		15,081	123		—		359			31,979
Gross loans		1,966		8,940		208,644		167,948		19,039		2,190		6,860		415,587
Less: Unearned income															719
Total															$	414,868

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis typically includes larger, non-homogeneous loans such as commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Risk Grade 1 – Prime Loans: This grade is reserved for only the strongest of loans. These loans are to individuals or corporations that are well known to the bank and are always secured with an almost guaranteed source of repayment such as a lien on a bank certificate of deposit or savings account. Character, credit history, and ability of individuals or company principals are excellent and unquestioned. Source of income and industry of borrower appears stable. High liquidity, minimum risk, good ratios and low handling cost.

Risk Grade 2 – Desirable Loans: This grade is reserved for new loans that are within guidelines and where the borrowers have documented significant overall financial strength. A liquid financial statement is generally a financial statement with substantial liquid assets, particularly relative to the debts. These loans have excellent sources of repayment, with no significant identifiable risk of collection, and conform in all respects to policy, guidelines, underwriting standards, and federal and state regulations (no exceptions of any kind).

Risk Grade 3 – Good Loans: This grade is reserved for loans which exhibit satisfactory credit risk. These loans have adequate sources of repayment, with little identifiable risk of collection. Generally, loans assigned this risk grade will demonstrate the following characteristics: (1) conformity in all respects with policy, guidelines, underwriting standards, and federal and state regulations (no exceptions of any kind), (2) documented historical cash flow that meets or exceeds required minimum Blue Ridge Bank guidelines, or that can be supplemented with verifiable cash flow from other sources, and (3) adequate secondary sources to liquidate the debt, including combinations of liquidity, liquidation of collateral, or liquidation value to the net worth of the borrower or guarantor.

Risk Grade 4 – Acceptable Loans: This grade is given to satisfactory loans containing more risk than Risk Grade 3 loans. These loans have adequate sources of repayment, with little identifiable risk of collection. Loans assigned this risk grade will demonstrate the following characteristics: (1) general conformity to Blue Ridge Bank's underwriting requirements, with limited exceptions to policy, product or underwriting guidelines. All exceptions noted have documented mitigating factors that offset any additional risk associated with the exceptions noted,

(2) documented historical cash flow that meets or exceeds required minimum guidelines, or that can be supplemented with verifiable cash flow from other sources, and (3) adequate secondary sources to liquidate the debt, including combinations of liquidity, liquidation of collateral, or liquidation value to the net worth of the borrower or guarantor.

Risk Grade 5 – Pass/Watch Loans: This grade is for satisfactory loans containing acceptable but elevated risk. These loans are characterized by borrowers who have a marginal cash flow, marginal profitability, or have experienced an unprofitable year and declining financial condition. The borrower has in the past satisfactorily handled debts with the bank, but in recent months has either been late, delinquent in making payments, or made sporadic payments. While the bank continues to be adequately secured, margins have decreased or are decreasing, despite the borrower’s continued satisfactory condition. These loans require more diligent monitoring due to characteristics such as: (1) additional exceptions to Blue Ridge Bank's policy requirements, product guidelines or underwriting standards that present a higher degree of risk, (2) unproved, insufficient or marginal primary sources of repayment that appear sufficient to service the debt at this time, and (3) marginal or unproven secondary sources to liquidate the debt, including combinations of liquidation of collateral and liquidation value to the net worth of the borrower or guarantor.

Risk Grade 6 – Special Mention: This grade is for loans classified as Special Mention. They have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution's credit position at some future date. Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Special mention credits typically exhibit underwriting guideline tolerances and/or exceptions with no mitigating factors, or emerging weaknesses that may or may not be cured as time passes.

Risk Grade 7 – Substandard: A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as substandard must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt; they are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans consistently not meeting the repayment schedule should be downgraded to substandard. Loans in this category are characterized by deterioration in quality exhibited by any number of well-defined weaknesses requiring corrective action. The weaknesses may include, but are not limited to: (1) high debt to worth ratios, (2) declining or negative earnings trends, (3) declining or inadequate liquidity, (4) improper loan structure, (5) questionable repayment sources, (6) lack of well-defined secondary repayment source, and (7) unfavorable competitive comparisons. Such loans are no longer considered to be adequately protected due to the borrower's declining net worth, lack of earnings capacity, declining collateral margins and/or unperfected collateral positions. A possibility of loss of a portion of the loan balance cannot be ruled out. The repayment ability of the borrower is marginal or weak and the loan may have exhibited excessive overdue status or extensions and/or renewals.

Risk Grade 8 – Doubtful: Loans classified Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified Substandard, plus the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable. However, these loans are not yet rated as loss because certain events may occur which would salvage the debt. Among these events are: (1) injection of capital, (2) alternative financing, (3) liquidation of assets or the pledging of additional collateral, and (4) the ability of the borrower to service the debt is extremely weak, overdue status is constant, the debt has been placed on non-accrual status, and no definite repayment schedule exists. Doubtful is a temporary grade where a loss is expected but is presently not quantified with any degree of accuracy. Once the loss position is determined, the amount is charged off.

Risk Grade 9 – Loss: Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this worthless loan even though partial recovery may be effected in the future. Probable Loss portions of Doubtful assets should be charged against the reserve for loan losses. Loans may reside in this classification for administrative purposes for a period not to exceed the earlier of thirty (30) days or calendar quarter-end.

There were no loans classified as Doubtful or Loss at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.