Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and conform to general practices within the banking industry. (a) Principles of Consolidation The accompanying audited consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”), PVB Properties, LLC, and MoneyWise Payroll Solutions, Inc. (net of noncontrolling interest) and were prepared in accordance with GAAP. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. (b) Use of Estimates In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management is required to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and contingent liabilities, as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to accounting for business combinations and impairment testing of goodwill, the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of deferred tax assets, other-than-temporary impairment, mortgage servicing rights, and the valuation of derivative and hedging instruments. (c) Accounting for Business Combinations Business combinations are accounted for under the purchase method. The purchase method requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the net of the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including identifiable intangibles, is recorded as goodwill. (d) Cash and due from banks and federal funds sold For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows and balance sheets, cash and due from banks include cash on hand and amounts due from banks, including short-term investments with original maturities of less than 90 days. Federal funds sold represents excess bank reserves lent (generally on an overnight basis) to other financial institutions in the federal funds market. Federal funds sold are separately disclosed within the consolidated balance sheets. (e) Investment Securities Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase. If management has the intent and the Company has the ability at the time of purchase to hold securities until maturity, they are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized historical cost. Securities not intended to be held to maturity are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value. Securities available for sale are intended to be used as part of the Company’s asset and liability management strategy and may be sold in response to liquidity needs, changes in interest rates, prepayment risk, or other similar factors. Securities reclassified from one category to another are transferred at fair value. Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on securities are reported as adjustments to interest income using the effective interest method. Realized gains and losses on dispositions are based on the net proceeds and the adjusted book value of the securities sold using the specific identification method. Unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available for sale are based on the difference between book value and fair value of each security. These gains and losses are credited or charged to shareholders’ equity, whereas realized gains and losses flow through the Company’s current earnings. (f) Loans Held for Sale Mortgage loans originated or purchased and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value in the aggregate. The agreed upon sales price is considered fair value as all of these loans are under agreements to sell to investors at the time of origination. This amount is generally the loan’s principal amount. Changes in fair value are recognized in residential mortgage banking income on the consolidated statements of income. The Company participates in a “mandatory” delivery program for its government guaranteed and conventional mortgage loans. Under the mandatory delivery system, loans with interest rate locks are paired with the sale of a to-be-announced (“TBA”) mortgage-backed security bearing similar attributes. Under the mandatory delivery program, the Bank commits to deliver loans to an investor at an agreed upon price after the close of such loans. This differs from a “best efforts” delivery, which sets the sale price with the investor on a loan-by-loan basis when each loan is locked. Loans held for sale also includes $30.4 million and $18.1 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, to a third-party financial institution to fund mortgage originations, that are sold in the secondary market. The Bank reviews loan documentation for each specific mortgage prior to funding to ensure it conforms to the terms of the agreement. The mortgages funded through this program must have already obtained a purchase commitment (takeout) from another financial institution as part of the conditions of the Bank’s funding. (g) Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until loan maturity or pay-off are reported at their outstanding principal balance adjusted for any charge-offs, and net of any deferred fees and origination costs. Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred and amortized as an adjustment of the yield using the payment terms required by the loan contract. During 2019, as a result of the Company's acquisition of Virginia Community Bankshares, Inc. (“VCB”), the loan portfolio was segregated between loans initially accounted for under the amortized cost method (referred to as "originated" loans) and loans acquired (referred to as "acquired" loans). The loans segregated to the acquired loan portfolio were initially measured at fair value and subsequently accounted for under either Accounting Standards Codification Topic (“ASC”) 310-30 or ASC 310-20. Purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans, which were the non-performing loans acquired in the Company's acquisition of VCB, were acquired at a discount that is due, in part, to credit quality and are accounted for under ASC 310-30. These loans are initially recorded at fair value (as determined by the present value of expected future cash flows) with no allowance for loan losses. The Company accounts for interest income on all loans acquired at a discount (that is due, in part, to credit quality) based on the acquired loans' expected cash flows. The acquired loans may be aggregated and accounted for as a pool of loans if the loans being aggregated have common risk characteristics. A pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flow. The difference between the cash flows expected at acquisition and the investment in the loans, or the "accretable yield," is recognized as interest income utilizing the level-yield method over the life of each pool. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the acquisition are recognized prospectively through adjustment to any previously recognized allowance for loan loss for that pool of loans and then through an increase in the yield on the pool over its remaining life, while decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairment through a loss provision and an increase in the allowance for loan losses. Therefore, the allowance for loan losses on these impaired pools reflects only losses incurred after the acquisition (representing the present value of all cash flows that were expected at acquisition but currently are not expected to be received). The Company periodically evaluates the remaining contractual required payments due and estimates of cash flows expected to be collected for PCI loans. These evaluations, performed quarterly, require the continued use of key assumptions and estimates, similar to the initial estimate of fair value. Changes in the contractual required payments due and estimated cash flows expected to be collected may result in changes in the accretable yield and non-accretable difference or reclassifications between accretable yield and the non-accretable difference. On an aggregate basis, if the acquired pools of PCI loans perform better than originally expected, the Company would expect to receive more future cash flows than originally modeled at the acquisition date. For the pools with better than expected cash flows, the forecasted increase would be recorded as an additional accretable yield that is recognized as a prospective increase to the Company's interest income on loans. Loans are generally placed into nonaccrual status when they are past-due 90 days as to either principal or interest or when, in the opinion of management, the collection of principal and/or interest is in doubt. A loan remains in nonaccrual status until the loan is current as to payment of both principal and interest or past-due less than 90 days and the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay and remain current. Loans are charged-off when a loan or a portion thereof is considered uncollectible. When cash payments are received, they are applied to principal first, then to accrued interest. It is the Company's policy not to record interest income on nonaccrual loans until principal has become current. In certain instances, accruing loans that are past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest may not go on nonaccrual status if the Company determines that the loans are well secured and are in the process of collection. Non-performing assets include nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more, and other real estate owned (“OREO”). The Company maintains the allowance for loan losses at a level that represents management's best estimate of known and inherent losses in the loan portfolio. Both the amount of the provision expense and the level of the allowance for loan losses are impacted by many factors, including general and industry-specific economic conditions, actual and expected credit losses, historical trends, and specific conditions of the individual borrowers. As a part of the analysis, the Company uses comparative peer group data and qualitative factors such as levels of and trends in delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, charged-off loans, changes in volume and terms of loans, effects of changes in lending policy, experience and ability and depth of management, national and local economic trends, and conditions and concentrations of credit, competition, and loan review results to support estimates. The allowance for loan losses is increased or decreased by provisions for (reversal of) loan losses, increased by recoveries of previously charged-off loans, and decreased by loan charge-offs. The Company also maintains an allowance for loan losses for acquired loans: (i) for loans accounted for under ASC 310-30, when there is deterioration in credit quality subsequent to acquisition, and (ii) for loans accounted for under ASC 310-20, when the inherent losses in the loans exceed the remaining discount recorded at the time of acquisition. The allowance for loan losses consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are determined to be impaired and, therefore, individually evaluated for impairment. The Company determines and recognizes impairment of certain loans when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the loan agreement. A loan is not considered impaired during a period of delay in payment if the Company expects to collect all amounts due, including past-due interest. The Company individually assigns loss factors to all loans that have been identified as having loss attributes, as indicated by deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower or a decline in underlying collateral value if the loan is collateral dependent. The Company evaluates the impairment of certain loans on a loan by loan basis for those loans that are adversely risk rated. Measurement of impairment is based on the expected future cash flows of an impaired loan, which are discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or measured on an observable market value, if one exists, or the fair value of the collateral underlying the loan, discounted to consider estimated costs to sell the collateral for collateral-dependent loans. If the net collateral value is less than the loan balance (including accrued interest and any unamortized premium or discount associated with the loan) an impairment is recognized and a specific reserve is established for the impaired loan. Loans classified as loss loans are fully reserved or charged-off. Loans considered to be troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") are loans that have their terms restructured (e.g., interest rates, loan maturity date, payment and amortization period, etc.) in circumstances that provide payment relief to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. All restructured loans are considered impaired loans and may either be in accruing status or nonaccruing status. Nonaccruing restructured loans may return to accruing status provided doubt has been removed concerning the collectability of principal and interest as evidenced by a sufficient period of payment performance in accordance with the restructured terms. Loans may be removed from the restructured category in the year subsequent to the restructuring, if their revised loan terms are considered to be consistent with terms that can be obtained in the credit market for loans with comparable risk and if they meet certain performance criteria. Pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), banks have the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements of GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time if certain conditions are met. All loan modifications made by the Company were made on a good faith basis to borrowers who met the requirements for modifications under the CARES Act. As a result of regulatory and accounting guidance regarding such modifications, the loans are not designated as TDRs, as of December 31, 2020. (h) Premises and Equipment Land is carried at cost. Premises, furniture, equipment, and leasehold improvements are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation of premises, furniture and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives from three to forty years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed using the straight-line method over the useful lives of the improvements or the lease term. Purchased computer software, which is capitalized, is amortized over estimated useful lives of one to three years. Rent expense on operating leases is recorded using the straight-line method over the appropriate lease term. (i) Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill, which represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired, is not amortized but is evaluated at least annually for impairment by comparing its fair value with its carrying amount. Impairment is indicated when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. Goodwill arises from business combinations and is generally determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events and circumstances exist that indicate that a goodwill impairment test should be performed. The Company performs the annual impairment test annually during the fourth quarter. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the Company’s balance sheet. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and tested for impairment if events and circumstances exist that might indicate impairment may have occurred. No impairment was recorded for 2020 and 2019. (j) Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSR”) Assets MSR assets represent a contractual agreement where the rights to service an existing mortgage are sold by the original lender to another party who specializes in the various functions of servicing mortgages. MSR assets can also result from the retention of servicing when an originated loan is sold in the secondary market. Per ASC 860-50, Transfers and Servicing, MSR assets are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently accounted for using either the amortization method or the fair value measurement method. The Company has elected to subsequently account for its MSR assets using the amortization method, which requires that the servicing asset be amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. ASC 860-50 also requires that MSR assets accounted for using the amortization method are evaluated for impairment each reporting period and reported at the lower of amortized cost or fair market value. MSR income and assets are reported on the Company’s consolidated statements of income and consolidated balance sheets, respectively. (k) Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale. At the time of acquisition, these properties are recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs, with any write down charged to the allowance for loan losses and any gain on foreclosure recorded in the allowance up to the amount previously changed off, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations of the assets are periodically performed by management, and these assets are subsequently accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated selling costs. Adjustments are made for subsequent declines in the fair value of the assets, less selling costs. Revenue and expenses from operations and valuation changes are charged to operating income in the period of the transaction. (l) Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key employees. The cash surrender value of life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance date, which is the cash surrender value. The increase in the cash surrender value over time is recorded as other non-interest income. The Company monitors the financial strength and condition of the counterparty. (m) Small Business Investment Company (“SBIC”) Fund Income The Bank has an interest in several SBIC funds. The Bank’s obligations to these funds are satisfied in the form of capital calls that occur during the commitment period. Two-thirds of income distributions from these funds are shown as a reduction to the Bank’s principal investment. The remaining one-third is recognized as income until the investment principal has been recovered. All distributions in excess of initial investment are recognized as income. (n) Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the balance sheet method in accordance with ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. Per ASC 740, the objective is to recognize (a) the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year, and (b) defer tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or federal income tax returns. A net deferred tax asset or liability is determined based on the tax effects of the temporary differences between the book (i.e., financial statement) and tax bases of the various balance sheet assets and liabilities and gives current recognition to changes in tax rates and laws. Temporary differences are reversed in the period in which an amount or amounts become taxable or deductible. When the Company’s federal tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would ultimately be sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Interest and penalties, if any, associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as additional income taxes in the consolidated statements of income. (o) Earnings Per Share Accounting guidance specifies the computation, presentation, and disclosure requirements for earnings per share (“EPS”) for entities with publicly held common stock or potential common stock such as options, warrants, convertible securities, or contingent stock agreements if those securities trade in a public market. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive common shares had been issued. The Company had no dilutive common shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. (p) Financial Instruments The Bank has entered into commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of business. Such financial instruments are recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements when funded. (q) Reclassified Amounts Certain amounts have been reclassified from prior year financial statements to ensure consistent presentation with current year amounts. These reclassifications are for presentation purposes and have no impact on overall financial information. (r) Derivatives Derivatives are recognized as assets and liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and measured at fair value. The Company’s derivatives consist of forward sales of to-be-announced mortgage-backed securities and interest rate lock commitments. The Company’s hedging policies permit the use of various derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk or to hedge specified assets and liabilities. All derivatives are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company may be required to recognize certain contracts and commitments as derivatives when the characteristics of those contracts and commitments meet the definition of a derivative. If derivative instruments are designated as hedges of fair values, both the change in the fair value of the hedge and the hedged item are included in current earnings. During the normal course of business, the Company enters into commitments to originate mortgage loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (“rate lock commitments”). For commitments issued in connection with potential loans intended for sale, the Bank enters into positions of forward month mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) to be announced (“TBA”) contracts on a mandatory basis or on a one-to-one forward sales contract on a best efforts basis. The Company enters into TBA contracts in order to control interest rate risk during the period between the rate lock commitment and mandatory sale of the mortgage loan. Both the rate lock commitment and the TBA contract are considered derivatives. A mortgage loan sold on a best efforts basis is locked into a forward sales contract with a counterparty on the same day as the rate lock commitment to control interest rate risk during the period between the commitment and the sale of the mortgage loan. Both the rate lock commitment and the forward sales contract are considered derivatives. The market values of rate lock commitments and best efforts forward delivery commitments is not readily ascertainable with precision because rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts are not actively traded in stand-alone markets. The Company determines the fair value of rate lock commitments, delivery contracts, and forward sales contracts of MBS by measuring the change in the value of the underlying asset, while taking into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close or will be funded. Certain risks arise from the forward delivery contracts in that the counterparties to the contracts may not be able to meet the terms of the contracts. Additional risks inherent in mandatory delivery programs include the risk that, if the Company does not close the loans subject to rate lock commitments, it will still be obligated to deliver MBS to the counterparty under the forward sales agreement. The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements (‘‘swap agreements’’) to facilitate the risk management strategies to accommodate the needs of its banking customers. The Company mitigates the interest rate risk entering into these swap agreements by entering into equal and offsetting swap agreements with a highly rated third-party financial institution. This back-to-back swap agreement is a free-standing derivative and is recorded at fair value in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets (asset positions are included in other assets and liability positions are included in other liabilities). The Company has entered into various cash flow hedges as defined by ASC 815-20. The objective of these interest rate swaps was to hedge against the risk of variability in its cash flows attributable to changes in the 3-month LIBOR benchmark rate component of forecasted 3-month fixed rate funding advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank. The hedging objective was to reduce the interest rate risk associated with the Company’s fixed rate advances from the designation date and going through the maturity date. These cash flow hedges are recorded at fair value in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets (asset positions are included in other assets and liability positions are included in other liabilities). (s) Recent Accounting Pronouncements: In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. As a “smaller reporting company” under Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules, the Company will be required to apply the guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company has formed a cross-functional working group to assess and implement the requirements of ASU 2016-13 by the adoption date. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. This ASU addresses issues raised by stakeholders during the implementation of ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Among other narrow-scope improvements, the new ASU clarifies guidance around how to report expected recoveries. “Expected recoveries” describes a situation in which an organization recognizes a full or partial write-off of the amortized cost basis of a financial asset, but then later determines that the amount written off, or a portion of that amount, will in fact be recovered. While applying the credit losses standard, stakeholders questioned whether expected recoveries were permitted on assets that had already shown credit deterioration at the time of purchase (also known as purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) assets). In response to this question, the ASU permits organizations to record expected recoveries on PCD assets. In addition to other narrow technical improvements, the ASU also reinforces existing guidance that prohibits organizations from recording negative allowances for available-for-sale debt securities. The ASU includes effective dates and transition requirements that vary depending on whether or not an entity has already adopted ASU 2016-13. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2019-11 will have on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The ASU is expected to reduce cost and complexity related to the accounting for income taxes by removing specific exceptions to general principles in ASC 740 (eliminating the need for an organization to analyze whether certain exceptions apply in a given period) and improving financial statement preparers’ application of certain income tax-related guidance. This ASU is part of the FASB’s simplification initiative to make narrow-scope simplifications and improvements to accounting standards through a series of short-term projects. For public business entities, such as the Company, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not believe the adoption of ASU 2019-12 will have a significant effect on its consolidated financial statements. In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, Investments–Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)–Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815. The ASU is based on a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force of the FASB and is expected to increase comparability in accounting for these transactions. ASU 2016-01 made targeted improvements to accounting for financial instruments, including providing an entity the ability to measure certain equity securities without a readily determinable fair value at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Among other topics, the amendments clarify that an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting. For public business entities, the amendments in the ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not believe the adoption of ASU 2019-12 will have a significant effect on its consolidated financial statements.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and conform to general practices within the banking industry.

(a) Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying audited consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”), PVB Properties, LLC, and MoneyWise Payroll Solutions, Inc. (net of noncontrolling interest) and were prepared in accordance with GAAP. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

(b) Use of Estimates

In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management is required to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and contingent liabilities, as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to accounting for business combinations and impairment testing of goodwill, the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of deferred tax assets, other-than-temporary impairment, mortgage servicing rights, and the valuation of derivative and hedging instruments.

Business combinations are accounted for under the purchase method. The purchase method requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the net of the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including identifiable intangibles, is recorded as goodwill.

(d) Cash and due from banks and federal funds sold

For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows and balance sheets, cash and due from banks include cash on hand and amounts due from banks, including short-term investments with original maturities of less than 90 days.

Federal funds sold represents excess bank reserves lent (generally on an overnight basis) to other financial institutions in the federal funds market. Federal funds sold are separately disclosed within the consolidated balance sheets.

(e) Investment Securities

Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase. If management has the intent and the Company has the ability at the time of purchase to hold securities until maturity, they are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized historical cost. Securities not intended to be held to maturity are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value. Securities available for sale are intended to be used as part of the Company’s asset and liability management strategy and may be sold in response to liquidity needs, changes in interest rates, prepayment risk, or other similar factors. Securities reclassified from one category to another are transferred at fair value.

Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on securities are reported as adjustments to interest income using the effective interest method. Realized gains and losses on dispositions are based on the net proceeds and the adjusted book value of the securities sold using the specific identification method. Unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available for sale are based on the difference between book value and fair value of each security. These gains and losses are credited or charged to shareholders’ equity, whereas realized gains and losses flow through the Company’s current earnings.

(f) Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans originated or purchased and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value in the aggregate. The agreed upon sales price is considered fair value as all of these loans are under agreements to sell to investors at the time of origination. This amount is generally the loan’s principal amount. Changes in fair value are recognized in residential mortgage banking income on the consolidated statements of income. The Company participates in a “mandatory” delivery program for its government guaranteed and conventional mortgage loans. Under the mandatory delivery system, loans with interest rate locks are paired with the sale of a to-be-announced (“TBA”) mortgage-backed security bearing similar attributes. Under the mandatory delivery program, the Bank commits to deliver loans to an investor at an agreed upon price after the close of such loans. This differs from a “best efforts” delivery, which sets the sale price with the investor on a loan-by-loan basis when each loan is locked.

Loans held for sale also includes $30.4 million and $18.1 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, to a third-party financial institution to fund mortgage originations, that are sold in the secondary market. The Bank reviews loan documentation for each specific mortgage prior to funding to ensure it conforms to the terms of the agreement. The mortgages funded through this program must have already obtained a purchase commitment (takeout) from another financial institution as part of the conditions of the Bank’s funding.

(g) Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until loan maturity or pay-off are reported at their outstanding principal balance adjusted for any charge-offs, and net of any deferred fees and origination costs. Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred and amortized as an adjustment of the yield using the payment terms required by the loan contract.

During 2019, as a result of the Company's acquisition of Virginia Community Bankshares, Inc. (“VCB”), the loan portfolio was segregated between loans initially accounted for under the amortized cost method (referred to as "originated" loans) and loans acquired (referred to as "acquired" loans). The loans segregated to the acquired loan portfolio were initially measured at fair value and subsequently accounted for under either Accounting Standards Codification Topic (“ASC”) 310-30 or ASC 310-20.

Purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans, which were the non-performing loans acquired in the Company's acquisition of VCB, were acquired at a discount that is due, in part, to credit quality and are accounted for under ASC 310-30. These loans are initially recorded at fair value (as determined by the present value of expected future cash flows) with no allowance for loan losses. The Company accounts for interest income on all loans acquired at a discount (that is due, in part, to credit quality) based on the acquired loans' expected cash flows. The acquired loans may be aggregated and accounted for as a pool of loans if the loans being aggregated have common risk characteristics. A pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flow. The difference between the cash flows expected at acquisition and the investment in the loans, or the "accretable yield," is recognized as interest income utilizing the level-yield method over the life of each pool. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the acquisition are recognized prospectively through adjustment to any previously recognized allowance for loan loss for that pool of loans and then through an increase in the yield on the pool over its remaining life, while decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairment through a loss provision and an increase in the allowance for loan losses. Therefore, the allowance for loan losses on these impaired pools reflects only losses incurred after the acquisition (representing the present value of all cash flows that were expected at acquisition but currently are not expected to be received).

The Company periodically evaluates the remaining contractual required payments due and estimates of cash flows expected to be collected for PCI loans. These evaluations, performed quarterly, require the continued use of key assumptions and estimates, similar to the initial estimate of fair value. Changes in the contractual required payments due and estimated cash flows expected to be collected may result in changes in the accretable yield and non-accretable difference or reclassifications between accretable yield and the non-accretable difference. On an aggregate basis, if the acquired pools of PCI loans perform better than originally expected, the Company would expect to receive more future cash flows than originally modeled at the acquisition date. For the pools with better than expected cash flows, the forecasted increase would be recorded as an additional accretable yield that is recognized as a prospective increase to the Company's interest income on loans.

Loans are generally placed into nonaccrual status when they are past-due 90 days as to either principal or interest or when, in the opinion of management, the collection of principal and/or interest is in doubt. A loan remains in nonaccrual status until the loan is current as to payment of both principal and interest or past-due less than 90 days and the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay and remain current. Loans are charged-off when a loan or a portion thereof is considered uncollectible. When cash payments are received, they are applied to principal first, then to accrued interest. It is the Company's policy not to record interest income on nonaccrual loans until principal has become current. In certain instances, accruing loans that are past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest may not go on nonaccrual status if the Company determines that the loans are well secured and are in the process of collection.

Non-performing assets include nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more, and other real estate owned (“OREO”).

The Company maintains the allowance for loan losses at a level that represents management's best estimate of known and inherent losses in the loan portfolio. Both the amount of the provision expense and the level of the allowance for loan losses are impacted by many factors, including general and industry-specific economic conditions, actual and expected credit losses, historical trends, and specific conditions of the individual borrowers. As a part of the analysis, the Company uses comparative peer group data and qualitative factors such as levels of and trends in delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, charged-off loans, changes in volume and terms of loans, effects of changes in lending policy, experience and ability and depth of management, national and local economic trends, and conditions and concentrations of credit, competition, and loan review results to support estimates.

The allowance for loan losses is increased or decreased by provisions for (reversal of) loan losses, increased by recoveries of previously charged-off loans, and decreased by loan charge-offs.

The Company also maintains an allowance for loan losses for acquired loans: (i) for loans accounted for under ASC 310-30, when there is deterioration in credit quality subsequent to acquisition, and (ii) for loans accounted for under ASC 310-20, when the inherent losses in the loans exceed the remaining discount recorded at the time of acquisition.

The allowance for loan losses consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are determined to be impaired and, therefore, individually evaluated for impairment. The Company determines and recognizes impairment of certain loans when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the loan agreement. A loan is not considered impaired during a period of delay in payment if the Company expects to collect all amounts due, including past-due interest. The Company individually assigns loss factors to all loans that have been identified as having loss attributes, as indicated by deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower or a decline in underlying collateral value if the loan is collateral dependent. The Company evaluates the impairment of certain loans on a loan by loan basis for those loans that are adversely risk rated. Measurement of impairment is based on the expected future cash flows of an impaired loan, which are discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or measured on an observable market value, if one exists, or the fair value of the collateral underlying the loan, discounted to consider estimated costs to sell the collateral for collateral-dependent loans. If the net collateral value is less than the loan balance (including accrued interest and any unamortized premium or discount associated with the loan) an impairment is recognized and a specific reserve is established for the impaired loan. Loans classified as loss loans are fully reserved or charged-off.

Loans considered to be troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") are loans that have their terms restructured (e.g., interest rates, loan maturity date, payment and amortization period, etc.) in circumstances that provide payment relief to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. All restructured loans are considered impaired loans and may either be in accruing status or nonaccruing status. Nonaccruing restructured loans may return to accruing status provided doubt has been removed concerning the collectability of principal and interest as evidenced by a sufficient period of payment performance in accordance with the restructured terms. Loans may be removed from the restructured category in the year subsequent to the restructuring, if their revised loan terms are considered to be consistent with terms that can be obtained in the credit market for loans with comparable risk and if they meet certain performance criteria.

Pursuant to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), banks have the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements of GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time if certain conditions are met. All loan modifications made by the Company were made on a good faith basis to borrowers who met the requirements for modifications under the CARES Act. As a result of regulatory and accounting guidance regarding such modifications, the loans are not designated as TDRs, as of December 31, 2020.

(h) Premises and Equipment

Land is carried at cost. Premises, furniture, equipment, and leasehold improvements are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation of premises, furniture and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives from three to forty years.

Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed using the straight-line method over the useful lives of the improvements or the lease term. Purchased computer software, which is capitalized, is amortized over estimated useful lives of one to three years. Rent expense on operating leases is recorded using the straight-line method over the appropriate lease term.

(i) Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill, which represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired, is not amortized but is evaluated at least annually for impairment by comparing its fair value with its carrying amount. Impairment is indicated when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value.

Goodwill arises from business combinations and is generally determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events and circumstances exist that indicate that a goodwill impairment test should be performed. The Company performs the annual impairment test annually during the fourth quarter. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the Company’s balance sheet.

Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and tested for impairment if events and circumstances exist that might indicate impairment may have occurred.

No impairment was recorded for 2020 and 2019.

(j) Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSR”) Assets

MSR assets represent a contractual agreement where the rights to service an existing mortgage are sold by the original lender to another party who specializes in the various functions of servicing mortgages. MSR assets can also result from the retention of servicing when an originated loan is sold in the secondary market. Per ASC 860-50, Transfers and Servicing, MSR assets are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently accounted for using either the amortization method or the fair value measurement method. The Company has elected to subsequently account for its MSR assets using the amortization method, which requires that the servicing asset be amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. ASC 860-50 also requires that MSR assets accounted for using the amortization method are evaluated for impairment each reporting period and reported at the lower of amortized cost or fair market value. MSR income and assets are reported on the Company’s consolidated statements of income and consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

(k) Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”)

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale. At the time of acquisition, these properties are recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs, with any write down charged to the allowance for loan losses and any gain on foreclosure recorded in the allowance up to the amount previously changed off, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations of the assets are periodically performed by management, and these assets are subsequently accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated selling costs. Adjustments are made for subsequent declines in the fair value of the assets, less selling costs. Revenue and expenses from operations and valuation changes are charged to operating income in the period of the transaction.

(l) Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key employees. The cash surrender value of life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance date, which is the cash surrender value. The increase in the cash surrender value over time is recorded as other non-interest income. The Company monitors the financial strength and condition of the counterparty.

(m) Small Business Investment Company (“SBIC”) Fund Income

The Bank has an interest in several SBIC funds. The Bank’s obligations to these funds are satisfied in the form of capital calls that occur during the commitment period. Two-thirds of income distributions from these funds are shown as a reduction to the Bank’s principal investment. The remaining one-third is recognized as income until the investment principal has been recovered. All distributions in excess of initial investment are recognized as income.

(n) Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the balance sheet method in accordance with ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. Per ASC 740, the objective is to recognize (a) the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year, and (b) defer tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or federal income tax returns. A net deferred tax asset or liability is determined based on the tax effects of the temporary differences between the book (i.e., financial statement) and tax bases of the various balance sheet assets and liabilities and gives current recognition to changes in tax rates and laws. Temporary differences are reversed in the period in which an amount or amounts become taxable or deductible.

When the Company’s federal tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would ultimately be sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Interest and penalties, if any, associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as additional income taxes in the consolidated statements of income.

(o) Earnings Per Share

Accounting guidance specifies the computation, presentation, and disclosure requirements for earnings per share (“EPS”) for entities with publicly held common stock or potential common stock such as options, warrants, convertible securities, or contingent stock agreements if those securities trade in a public market. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive common shares had been issued. The Company had no dilutive common shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

(p) Financial Instruments

The Bank has entered into commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of business. Such financial instruments are recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements when funded.

(q) Reclassified Amounts

Certain amounts have been reclassified from prior year financial statements to ensure consistent presentation with current year amounts. These reclassifications are for presentation purposes and have no impact on overall financial information.

(r) Derivatives

Derivatives are recognized as assets and liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and measured at fair value. The Company’s derivatives consist of forward sales of to-be-announced mortgage-backed securities and interest rate lock commitments. The Company’s hedging policies permit the use of various derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk or to hedge specified assets and liabilities. All derivatives are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company may be required to recognize certain contracts and commitments as derivatives when the characteristics of those contracts and commitments meet the definition of a derivative. If derivative instruments are designated as hedges of fair values, both the change in the fair value of the hedge and the hedged item are included in current earnings.

During the normal course of business, the Company enters into commitments to originate mortgage loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (“rate lock commitments”). For commitments issued in connection with potential loans intended for sale, the Bank enters into positions of forward month mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) to be announced (“TBA”) contracts on a mandatory basis or on a one-to-one forward sales contract on a best efforts basis. The Company enters into TBA contracts in order to control interest rate risk during the period between the rate lock commitment and mandatory sale of the mortgage loan. Both the rate lock commitment and the TBA contract are considered derivatives. A mortgage loan sold on a best efforts basis is locked into a forward sales contract with a counterparty on the same day as the rate lock commitment to control interest rate risk during the period between the commitment and the sale of the mortgage loan. Both the rate lock commitment and the forward sales contract are considered derivatives.

The market values of rate lock commitments and best efforts forward delivery commitments is not readily ascertainable with precision because rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts are not actively traded in stand-alone markets. The Company determines the fair value of rate lock commitments, delivery contracts, and forward sales contracts of MBS by measuring the change in the value of the underlying asset, while taking into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close or will be funded. Certain risks arise from the forward delivery contracts in that the counterparties to the contracts may not be able to meet the terms of the contracts. Additional risks inherent in mandatory delivery programs include the risk that, if the Company does not close the loans subject to rate lock commitments, it will still be obligated to deliver MBS to the counterparty under the forward sales agreement.

The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements (‘‘swap agreements’’) to facilitate the risk management strategies to accommodate the needs of its banking customers. The Company mitigates the interest rate risk entering into these swap agreements by entering into equal and offsetting swap agreements with a highly rated third-party financial institution. This back-to-back swap agreement is a free-standing derivative and is recorded at fair value in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets (asset positions are included in other assets and liability positions are included in other liabilities).

The Company has entered into various cash flow hedges as defined by ASC 815-20. The objective of these interest rate swaps was to hedge against the risk of variability in its cash flows attributable to changes in the 3-month LIBOR benchmark rate component of forecasted 3-month fixed rate funding advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank. The hedging objective was to reduce the interest rate risk associated with the Company’s fixed rate advances from the designation date and going through the maturity date. These cash flow hedges are recorded at fair value in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets (asset positions are included in other assets and liability positions are included in other liabilities).

(s) Recent Accounting Pronouncements:

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. As a “smaller reporting company” under Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules, the Company will be required to apply the guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company has formed a cross-functional working group to assess and implement the requirements of ASU 2016-13 by the adoption date.

In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. This ASU addresses issues raised by stakeholders during the implementation of ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Among other narrow-scope improvements, the new ASU clarifies guidance around how to report expected recoveries. “Expected recoveries” describes a situation in which an organization recognizes a full or partial write-off of the amortized cost basis of a financial asset, but then later determines that the amount written off, or a portion of that amount, will in fact be recovered. While applying the credit losses standard, stakeholders questioned whether expected recoveries were permitted on assets that had already shown credit deterioration at the time of purchase (also known as purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) assets). In response to this question, the ASU permits organizations to record expected recoveries on PCD assets. In addition to other narrow technical improvements, the ASU also reinforces existing guidance that prohibits organizations from recording negative allowances for available-for-sale debt securities. The ASU includes effective dates and transition requirements that vary depending on whether or not an entity has already adopted ASU 2016-13. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2019-11 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The ASU is expected to reduce cost and complexity related to the accounting for income taxes by removing specific exceptions to general principles in ASC 740 (eliminating the need for an organization to analyze whether certain exceptions apply in a given period) and improving financial statement preparers’ application of certain income tax-related guidance. This ASU is part of the FASB’s simplification initiative to make narrow-scope simplifications and improvements to accounting standards through a series of short-term projects. For public business entities, such as the Company, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not believe the adoption of ASU 2019-12 will have a significant effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, Investments–Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)–Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815. The ASU is based on a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force of the FASB and is expected to increase comparability in accounting for these transactions. ASU 2016-01 made targeted improvements to accounting for financial instruments, including providing an entity the ability to measure certain equity securities without a readily determinable fair value at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Among other topics, the amendments clarify that an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting. For public business entities, the amendments in the ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not believe the adoption of ASU 2019-12 will have a significant effect on its consolidated financial statements.