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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-39165

BLUE RIDGE BANKSHARES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia | 54-1838100
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1801 Bayberry Court, Suite 101 Richmond, Virginia | 23226
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (540) 743-6521

1807 Seminole Trail, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value |  | BRBS |  | NYSE American

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☒
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☒ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 1, 2024, the registrant had 22,982,622 shares of common stock, no par value per share, outstanding.

Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc. Table of Contents
Item |  |  |  | Page
PART I |  | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements |  | 3
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 (unaudited) and December 31, 2023 |  | 3
|  | Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) |  | 4
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) |  | 5
|  | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) |  | 6
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (unaudited) |  | 7
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 9
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 31
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |  | 46
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 47
PART II |  | OTHER INFORMATION |  | 48
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 48
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 48
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 49
Item 3. |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 49
Item 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 49
Item 5. |  | Other Information |  | 50
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 50
Signatures |  |  |  | 51

2

PART I. FINAN CIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financi al Statements

Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc.

Consolidated B alance Sheets

|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands except share data) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 (1) |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 117,464 |  |  | $ | 110,491 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 10,734 |  |  |  | 10,660 |
Federal funds sold |  |  | 6,849 |  |  |  | 4,451 |
Securities available for sale, at fair value |  |  | 314,394 |  |  |  | 321,081 |
Restricted equity investments |  |  | 22,071 |  |  |  | 18,621 |
Other equity investments |  |  | 12,863 |  |  |  | 12,905 |
Other investments |  |  | 26,586 |  |  |  | 29,467 |
Loans held for sale |  |  | 34,902 |  |  |  | 46,337 |
Loans held for investment, net of deferred fees and costs |  |  | 2,394,089 |  |  |  | 2,430,947 |
Less: allowance for credit losses |  |  | (35,025 | ) |  |  | (35,893 | )
Loans held for investment, net |  |  | 2,359,064 |  |  |  | 2,395,054 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 14,696 |  |  |  | 14,967 |
Premises and equipment, net |  |  | 21,968 |  |  |  | 22,348 |
Right-of-use asset |  |  | 8,067 |  |  |  | 8,738 |
Bank owned life insurance |  |  | 48,790 |  |  |  | 48,453 |
Other intangible assets |  |  | 5,009 |  |  |  | 5,382 |
Mortgage servicing rights, net |  |  | 27,843 |  |  |  | 27,114 |
Deferred tax asset, net |  |  | 21,928 |  |  |  | 21,556 |
Other assets |  |  | 22,959 |  |  |  | 19,929 |
Total assets |  | $ | 3,076,187 |  |  | $ | 3,117,554 |
LIABILITIES & STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand |  | $ | 496,375 |  |  | $ | 506,248 |
Interest-bearing demand and money market |  |  | 898,870 |  |  |  | 1,049,536 |
Savings |  |  | 114,281 |  |  |  | 117,923 |
Time |  |  | 956,250 |  |  |  | 892,325 |
Total deposits |  |  | 2,465,776 |  |  |  | 2,566,032 |
FHLB borrowings |  |  | 280,000 |  |  |  | 210,000 |
FRB borrowings |  |  | 65,000 |  |  |  | 65,000 |
Subordinated notes, net |  |  | 39,838 |  |  |  | 39,855 |
Lease liabilities |  |  | 8,870 |  |  |  | 9,619 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 35,797 |  |  |  | 41,059 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 2,895,281 |  |  |  | 2,931,565 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, no par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 19,584,040 and 19,198,379 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively |  |  | 198,004 |  |  |  | 197,636 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 252 |  |  |  | 252 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 30,264 |  |  |  | 33,157 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | (47,614 | ) |  |  | (45,056 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 180,906 |  |  |  | 185,989 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 3,076,187 |  |  | $ | 3,117,554 |

(1)
Derived from audited December 31, 2023 Consolidated Financial Statements.

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc.

Consolidated Stat ements of Operations

(unaudited)

|  | For the three months ended |
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | March 31, 2023 |
INTEREST INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans |  | $ | 38,346 |  |  | $ | 37,131 |
Interest on securities, deposit accounts, and federal funds sold |  |  | 4,185 |  |  |  | 3,759 |
Total interest income |  |  | 42,531 |  |  |  | 40,890 |
INTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on deposits |  |  | 18,485 |  |  |  | 11,331 |
Interest on subordinated notes |  |  | 560 |  |  |  | 553 |
Interest on FHLB and FRB borrowings |  |  | 3,137 |  |  |  | 3,810 |
Total interest expense |  |  | 22,182 |  |  |  | 15,694 |
Net interest income |  |  | 20,349 |  |  |  | 25,196 |
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses - loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,110 | )
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses - unfunded commitments |  |  | (1,000 | ) |  |  | (400 | )
Total (recovery of) provision for credit losses |  |  | (1,000 | ) |  |  | (1,510 | )
Net interest income after (recovery of) provision for credit losses |  |  | 21,349 |  |  |  | 26,706 |
NONINTEREST INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value adjustments of other equity investments |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (51 | )
Residential mortgage banking income |  |  | 2,664 |  |  |  | 3,199 |
Mortgage servicing rights |  |  | 729 |  |  |  | (1,896 | )
Gain on sale of guaranteed government loans |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | 2,409 |
Wealth and trust management |  |  | 520 |  |  |  | 432 |
Service charges on deposit accounts |  |  | 398 |  |  |  | 343 |
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance |  |  | 337 |  |  |  | 282 |
Bank and purchase card, net |  |  | 242 |  |  |  | 340 |
Other |  |  | 2,832 |  |  |  | 2,225 |
Total noninterest income |  |  | 7,825 |  |  |  | 7,283 |
NONINTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  |  | 16,045 |  |  |  | 15,289 |
Occupancy and equipment |  |  | 1,524 |  |  |  | 1,569 |
Data processing |  |  | 1,106 |  |  |  | 1,346 |
Legal and regulatory filings |  |  | 447 |  |  |  | 1,234 |
Advertising and marketing |  |  | 297 |  |  |  | 286 |
Communications |  |  | 1,173 |  |  |  | 1,131 |
Audit and accounting fees |  |  | 1,155 |  |  |  | 146 |
FDIC insurance |  |  | 1,377 |  |  |  | 729 |
Intangible amortization |  |  | 287 |  |  |  | 355 |
Other contractual services |  |  | 1,717 |  |  |  | 939 |
Other taxes and assessments |  |  | 943 |  |  |  | 802 |
Regulatory remediation |  |  | 2,644 |  |  |  | 1,134 |
Other |  |  | 3,759 |  |  |  | 3,887 |
Total noninterest expense |  |  | 32,474 |  |  |  | 28,847 |
(Loss) income before income tax expense |  |  | (3,300 | ) |  |  | 5,142 |
Income tax (benefit) expense |  |  | (407 | ) |  |  | 1,172 |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (2,893 | ) |  | $ | 3,970 |
Basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share |  | $ | (0.15 | ) |  | $ | 0.21 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

(unaudited)

|  | For the three months ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | March 31, 2023 |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (2,893 | ) |  | $ | 3,970 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross unrealized (losses) gains on securities available for sale arising during the period |  |  | (2,930 | ) |  |  | 4,979 |
Deferred income tax benefit (expense) |  |  | 372 |  |  |  | (1,113 | )
Unrealized (losses) gains on securities available for sale arising during the period, net of tax |  |  | (2,558 | ) |  |  | 3,866 |
Other comprehensive (loss) gain, net of tax |  |  | (2,558 | ) |  |  | 3,866 |
Comprehensive net (loss) income |  | $ | (5,451 | ) |  | $ | 7,836 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(unaudited)

| For the three months ended March 31, 2024 |
(Dollars in thousands) | Shares of Common Stock |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, net |  |  | Total |
Balance at beginning of period |  | 19,198,379 |  |  | $ | 197,636 |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | 33,157 |  |  | $ | (45,056 | ) |  | $ | 185,989 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,893 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,893 | )
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,558 | ) |  |  | (2,558 | )
Restricted stock awards, net of forfeitures |  | 385,661 |  |  |  | 368 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 368 |
Balance at end of period |  | 19,584,040 |  |  | $ | 198,004 |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | 30,264 |  |  | $ | (47,614 | ) |  | $ | 180,906 |

| For the three months ended March 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) | Shares of Common Stock |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, net |  |  | Total |
Balance at beginning of period |  | 18,950,329 |  |  | $ | 195,960 |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | 97,682 |  |  | $ | (45,101 | ) |  | $ | 248,793 |
Cumulative effect adjustment due to adoption of accounting standard, net of income taxes |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8,111 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8,111 | )
Net income |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,970 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,970 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,866 |  |  |  | 3,866 |
Dividends on common stock |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,321 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,321 | )
Stock option exercises |  | 3,750 |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26 |
Restricted stock awards, net of forfeitures |  | (14,632 | ) |  |  | 479 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 479 |
Dividend reinvestment plan issuances |  | 2,644 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33 |
Balance at end of period |  | 18,942,091 |  |  | $ | 196,498 |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | 91,220 |  |  | $ | (41,235 | ) |  | $ | 246,735 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

6

Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc.

Consolidated Statem ents of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

|  | For the three months ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | March 31, 2023 |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (2,893 | ) |  | $ | 3,970 |
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 433 |  |  |  | 444 |
Deferred income tax benefit |  |  | (372 | ) |  |  | (3,909 | )
Recovery of credit losses |  |  | (1,000 | ) |  |  | (1,510 | )
Accretion of fair value adjustments (discounts) on acquired loans |  |  | (329 | ) |  |  | (688 | )
Accretion of fair value adjustments (premiums) on acquired time deposits |  |  | (97 | ) |  |  | (284 | )
Accretion of fair value adjustments (premiums) on acquired subordinated notes |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (25 | )
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held for sale |  |  | 63,401 |  |  |  | 51,748 |
Mortgage loans held for sale, originated |  |  | (59,707 | ) |  |  | (45,231 | )
Gain on sale of mortgage loans |  |  | (130 | ) |  |  | (364 | )
Proceeds from sale of guaranteed government loans held for sale |  |  | 1,605 |  |  |  | 33,049 |
Guaranteed government loans held for sale, originated |  |  | (293 | ) |  |  | (32,024 | )
Gain on sale of guaranteed government loans |  |  | (110 | ) |  |  | (2,409 | )
(Gain) loss on sale of other investments and other assets |  |  | (326 | ) |  |  | 1 |
Investment amortization expense, net |  |  | 136 |  |  |  | 162 |
Amortization of subordinated debt issuance costs |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 9 |
Intangible amortization |  |  | 287 |  |  |  | 355 |
Fair value adjustments of other equity investments |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 51 |
Net adjustments attributable to mortgage servicing rights |  |  | (729 | ) |  |  | 1,896 |
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance |  |  | (337 | ) |  |  | (282 | )
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable |  |  | 271 |  |  |  | (2,556 | )
Increase in other assets |  |  | (2,307 | ) |  |  | (2,004 | )
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities |  |  | (5,011 | ) |  |  | 9,780 |
Cash (used in) provided by operating activities |  |  | (7,518 | ) |  |  | 10,179 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net decrease (increase) in loans held for investment |  |  | 42,988 |  |  |  | (53,353 | )
Net increase in federal funds sold |  |  | (2,398 | ) |  |  | (550 | )
Proceeds from calls, sales, paydowns, and maturities of securities available for sale |  |  | 3,621 |  |  |  | 7,972 |
Proceeds from sale of other investments and other assets |  |  | 5,204 |  |  |  | 193 |
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned |  |  | — |  |  |  | 264 |
Net change in restricted equity and other investments |  |  | (3,621 | ) |  |  | 2,561 |
Purchase of premises and equipment |  |  | (53 | ) |  |  | (536 | )
Capital calls of SBIC funds and other investments |  |  | (1,237 | ) |  |  | (1,682 | )
Nonincome distributions from SBIC funds and other investments |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | 141 |
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | 44,724 |  |  |  | (44,990 | )
Cash Flows From Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net decrease in demand, savings, and other interest-bearing deposits |  |  | (164,181 | ) |  |  | (45,843 | )
Net increase in time deposits |  |  | 64,022 |  |  |  | 304,667 |
Common stock dividends paid |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,321 | )
FHLB advances |  |  | 350,000 |  |  |  | 510,000 |
FHLB repayments |  |  | (280,000 | ) |  |  | (582,600 | )
FRB repayments |  |  | — |  |  |  | (51 | )
Stock option exercises |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26 |
Dividend reinvestment plan issuances |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33 |
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  |  | (30,159 | ) |  |  | 183,911 |
Net increase in cash and due from banks |  |  | 7,047 |  |  |  | 149,100 |
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at beginning of period |  |  | 121,151 |  |  |  | 77,274 |
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at end of period |  | $ | 128,198 |  |  | $ | 226,374 |

7

Supplemental Schedule of Cash Flow Information |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 20,786 |  |  | $ | 13,203 |
Income taxes |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized (losses) gains on securities available for sale |  | $ | (2,930 | ) |  | $ | 4,979 |
Restricted stock awards, net of forfeitures |  | $ | 368 |  |  | $ | 479 |
Cumulative effect adjustment due to adoption of accounting standard, net of income taxes |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (8,111 | )

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

8

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1 – Organization and Basis of Presentation

Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc. (the “Company”) conducts its business activities primarily through its wholly-owned subsidiary bank, Blue Ridge Bank, National Association (the “Bank”) and its wealth and trust management subsidiary, BRB Financial Group, Inc. (the “Financial Group”). The Company exists primarily for the purposes of holding the stock of its subsidiaries, the Bank and the Financial Group.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of the Bank and the Financial Group and were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and general practices within the banking industry. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as amended (the “2023 Form 10-K”).

The Company's significant accounting policies are disclosed in Note 2 of the audited financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, 2023 and are contained in the 2023 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes to the application of significant accounting policies since December 31, 2023.

Restatement

On October 31, 2023, the Company and the Audit Committee of its board of directors, after consultation with the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), the Bank's primary federal banking regulator, determined that certain specialty finance loans that, as previously disclosed, were placed on nonaccrual, reserved for, or charged off in the interim periods ended March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023 should have been reported as nonaccrual, reserved for, or charged off in earlier periods. On November 14, 2023, the Company filed amendments to its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ended March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023 to restate the consolidated financial statements included therein.

The Company does not believe that the restatements reflect any significant financial impact on the Company's financial condition as of March 31, 2024, or any trends in the Company's business or its prospects. The consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q reflect the effects of the aforementioned restatement as of and for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023.

Regulatory Matters

On January 24, 2024, the Bank consented to the issuance of a consent order (the “Consent Order”) with the OCC. The Consent Order generally incorporates the provisions of the formal written agreement (the "Written Agreement") entered into between the Bank and the OCC on August 29, 2022, as well as adding new provisions. The Written Agreement principally concerned the Bank’s fintech operations and required the Bank to continue enhancing its controls for assessing and managing the third-party, Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering, and information technology risks stemming from its fintech partnerships. The Consent Order adds time frames by which certain of the directives are required, requires the Bank to submit a strategic plan and a capital plan, and places further restrictions on the Company’s fintech operations. The Consent Order also requires the Bank to maintain a leverage ratio of 10.0% and a total capital ratio of 13.0%, referred to as minimum capital ratios. Complete copies of the Written Agreement and the Consent Order are included as Exhibits 10.14 and 10.15, respectively, to the 2023 Form 10-K.

Private Placement

On April 3, 2024, the Company closed and funded a private placement of securities pursuant to an amended and restated securities purchase agreement, dated April 3, 2024, with certain investors for gross proceeds of $150.0 million (the "Private Placement"). In the Private Placement, the Company issued and sold 3.4 million shares of common stock at a purchase price of $2.50 per common share, 14,150 shares of convertible Series B or Series C preferred stock at a purchase price of $10 thousand per preferred share, and 7,383 warrants to purchase convertible Series B or Series C preferred stock at an exercise price of $10 thousand per preferred share. Each share of convertible Series B and Series C preferred stock represents the equivalent of 4,000 shares of common stock. The Private Placement amends and replaces

9

the previously announced private placement of the Company's common stock and warrants that was announced on December 22, 2023.

The Company will use the net proceeds from the Private Placement to reposition business lines, support organic growth, and enhance capital levels of the Bank.

Recent Accounting Pronouncemen ts (Issued But Not Adopted)

Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2023-07–Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and provide in interim periods certain disclosures that are currently required annually. Additionally, the ASU requires a public entity to disclose the title and position of the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"), as well as the metric that the CODM uses to gauge segment performance. The ASU does not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates them, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. This ASU requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The adoption of this ASU will only impact disclosures, with no impacts to results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09–Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disclosure of disaggregated income taxes paid, prescribes standard categories for components of the effective tax rate reconciliation, and modifies other income tax-related disclosures. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The ASU requires prospective application by providing the revised disclosures for the period ending December 31, 2025 and continuing to provide the pre-ASU disclosures for the prior periods, or alternately applying the amendments retrospectively by providing the revised disclosures for all period presented. The Company does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 – In vestment Securities and Other Investments

Investment securities classified as available for sale ("AFS") are carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. The following tables present amortized cost, fair values, and gross unrealized gains and losses of investment securities AFS as of the dates stated.

|  | March 31, 2024 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
Available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage backed securities |  | $ | 208,856 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (37,634 | ) |  | $ | 171,222 |
U.S. Treasury and agencies |  |  | 79,633 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,499 | ) |  |  | 68,134 |
State and municipal |  |  | 50,513 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,587 | ) |  |  | 42,926 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 36,895 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,783 | ) |  |  | 32,112 |
Total investment securities |  | $ | 375,897 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (61,503 | ) |  | $ | 314,394 |

|  | December 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
Available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage backed securities |  | $ | 212,214 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (35,244 | ) |  | $ | 176,970 |
U.S. Treasury and agencies |  |  | 79,856 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,985 | ) |  |  | 68,871 |
State and municipal |  |  | 50,682 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,357 | ) |  |  | 43,325 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 36,902 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | (4,999 | ) |  |  | 31,915 |
Total investment securities |  | $ | 379,654 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | (58,585 | ) |  | $ | 321,081 |

10

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, securities with a fair value of $213.2 million and $35.9 million, respectively, were pledged to secure the Bank’s line of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB").

As of March 31, 2024, the Company pledged securities with $69.0 million of par value (amortized cost and fair value of $69.7 million and $56.1 million, respectively) as collateral for the Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”) established by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”).

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of securities AFS by contractual maturity as of the date stated. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities, as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

|  | March 31, 2024 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Fair Value |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 2,983 |  |  | $ | 2,901 |
Due after one year through five years |  |  | 46,624 |  |  |  | 42,215 |
Due after five years through ten years |  |  | 122,346 |  |  |  | 104,433 |
Due after ten years |  |  | 203,944 |  |  |  | 164,845 |
Total |  | $ | 375,897 |  |  | $ | 314,394 |

The following tables present a summary of unrealized losses and the length of time securities have been in a continuous loss position, by security type and number of securities, as of the dates stated.

|  |  |  |  | March 31, 2024 |
|  |  |  |  | Less than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or Greater |  |  | Total |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Number of Securities |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |
Mortgage backed securities |  |  | 85 |  |  | $ | 5,103 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 164,119 |  |  | $ | (37,628 | ) |  | $ | 169,222 |  |  | $ | (37,634 | )
U.S. Treasury and agencies |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 279 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 67,854 |  |  |  | (11,498 | ) |  |  | 68,133 |  |  |  | (11,499 | )
State and municipal |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | 977 |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 41,308 |  |  |  | (7,580 | ) |  |  | 42,285 |  |  |  | (7,587 | )
Corporate bonds |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 6,853 |  |  |  | (697 | ) |  |  | 24,510 |  |  |  | (4,086 | ) |  |  | 31,363 |  |  |  | (4,783 | )
Total |  |  | 224 |  |  | $ | 13,212 |  |  | $ | (711 | ) |  | $ | 297,791 |  |  | $ | (60,792 | ) |  | $ | 311,003 |  |  | $ | (61,503 | )

|  |  |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
|  |  |  |  | Less than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or Greater |  |  | Total |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Number of Securities |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |
Mortgage backed securities |  |  | 86 |  |  | $ | 7,497 |  |  | $ | (45 | ) |  | $ | 169,474 |  |  | $ | (35,199 | ) |  | $ | 176,971 |  |  | $ | (35,244 | )
U.S. Treasury and agencies |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 283 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 68,399 |  |  |  | (10,984 | ) |  |  | 68,682 |  |  |  | (10,985 | )
State and municipal |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 536 |  |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | 41,118 |  |  |  | (7,348 | ) |  |  | 41,654 |  |  |  | (7,357 | )
Corporate bonds |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 7,469 |  |  |  | (830 | ) |  |  | 21,683 |  |  |  | (4,169 | ) |  |  | 29,152 |  |  |  | (4,999 | )
Total |  |  | 219 |  |  | $ | 15,785 |  |  | $ | (885 | ) |  | $ | 300,674 |  |  | $ | (57,700 | ) |  | $ | 316,459 |  |  | $ | (58,585 | )

The Company evaluates the fair value and credit quality of its securities AFS portfolio no less than quarterly. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the majority of securities in an unrealized loss position were of investment grade; however, a portion of the portfolio does not have a third-party investment grade available. These ungraded securities were primarily subordinated debt instruments issued by bank holding companies and are classified as corporate bonds in the tables above. The Company evaluated the issuers of these individually, observing that each issuer had strong capital ratios and profitability thereby indicating limited exposure to asset quality or liquidity issues, which resulted in no identifiable credit losses. Investment securities with unrealized losses are generally pricing changes due to changes in the interest rate environment since purchase and not as a result of permanent credit impairment. Contractual cash flows for mortgage backed securities and U.S. Treasury and agencies are guaranteed and/or funded by the U.S. government. Municipal securities show no indication that the contractual cash flows will not be received when due. The Company does not intend to sell, nor does it believe that it will be required to sell, any of its temporarily impaired securities prior to the recovery of the amortized cost. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was no allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) against the Company's securities AFS portfolio.

Restricted equity investments consiste d of stock in the FHLB (carrying value of $15.6 million and $12.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively), stock in the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond ("FRB")

11

(carrying value of $6.0 million and $5.9 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively), and stock in the Bank’s correspondent bank (carrying value of $468 thousand at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023). Restricted equity investments are carried at cost.

The Company also has various other equity investments, including an investment in a fintech company and other limited partnership investments, totaling $12.9 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, which are carried at fair value with any gain or loss reported in the consolidated statements of operations each reporting period.

The Company also holds investments in early-stage focused investment funds, small business investment companies ("SBIC"), and low-income housing partnerships, which totaled $26.6 million and $29.5 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and are reported in other investments on the consolidated balance sheets. These investments do not have readily-determinable fair values, are generally reported at amortized cost, and are periodically evaluated for potential impairment.

Note 3 – Loan s and ACL

The following table presents the amortized cost of loans held for investment as of the dates stated.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 489,972 |  |  | $ | 508,944 |
Real estate – construction, commercial |  |  | 156,943 |  |  |  | 180,052 |
Real estate – construction, residential |  |  | 62,947 |  |  |  | 75,832 |
Real estate – commercial |  |  | 881,798 |  |  |  | 870,540 |
Real estate – residential |  |  | 740,249 |  |  |  | 730,110 |
Real estate – farmland |  |  | 5,673 |  |  |  | 5,470 |
Consumer |  |  | 55,782 |  |  |  | 59,169 |
Gross loans |  |  | 2,393,364 |  |  |  | 2,430,117 |
Deferred loan fees, net of costs |  |  | 725 |  |  |  | 830 |
Total |  | $ | 2,394,089 |  |  | $ | 2,430,947 |

The Company has pledged certain commercial and residential mortgages as collateral for borrowings with the FHLB. Loans totaling $815.2 million and $767.1 million were pledged as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. T he Company has pledged certain commercial and industrial loans totaling $101.8 million and $161.0 million as collateral for borrowings with the FRB Discount Window as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The decline in availability at the FRB Discount Window during the first quarter of 2024 was primarily due to changes in eligibility of certain collateral.

The following tables present the aging of the amortized cost of loans held for investment by loan category as of the dates stated.

|  | March 31, 2024 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Current Loans |  |  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  |  | Greater than 90 Days Past Due & Accruing |  |  | Nonaccrual |  |  | Total Loans |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 448,156 |  |  | $ | 4,357 |  |  | $ | 1,609 |  |  | $ | 1,904 |  |  | $ | 33,946 |  |  | $ | 489,972 |
Real estate – construction, commercial |  |  | 154,710 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,233 |  |  |  | 156,943 |
Real estate – construction, residential |  |  | 62,947 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 62,947 |
Real estate – commercial |  |  | 872,060 |  |  |  | 2,297 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,441 |  |  |  | 881,798 |
Real estate – residential |  |  | 727,010 |  |  |  | 6,356 |  |  |  | 419 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,464 |  |  |  | 740,249 |
Real estate – farmland |  |  | 5,673 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,673 |
Consumer |  |  | 47,151 |  |  |  | 6,966 |  |  |  | 470 |  |  |  | 405 |  |  |  | 790 |  |  |  | 55,782 |
Less: Deferred loan fees, net of costs |  |  | 725 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 725 |
Total Loans |  | $ | 2,318,432 |  |  | $ | 19,976 |  |  | $ | 2,498 |  |  | $ | 2,309 |  |  | $ | 50,874 |  |  | $ | 2,394,089 |

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|  | December 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Current Loans |  |  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  |  | Greater than 90 Days Past Due & Accruing |  |  | Nonaccrual |  |  | Total Loans |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 464,939 |  |  | $ | 2,235 |  |  | $ | 632 |  |  | $ | 1,709 |  |  | $ | 39,429 |  |  | $ | 508,944 |
Real estate – construction, commercial |  |  | 177,653 |  |  |  | 2,016 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 383 |  |  |  | 180,052 |
Real estate – construction, residential |  |  | 75,309 |  |  |  | 523 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75,832 |
Real estate – commercial |  |  | 855,263 |  |  |  | 2,109 |  |  |  | 714 |  |  |  | 574 |  |  |  | 11,880 |  |  |  | 870,540 |
Real estate – residential |  |  | 717,141 |  |  |  | 5,101 |  |  |  | 288 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,580 |  |  |  | 730,110 |
Real estate – farmland |  |  | 5,470 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,470 |
Consumer |  |  | 55,084 |  |  |  | 2,298 |  |  |  | 279 |  |  |  | 754 |  |  |  | 754 |  |  |  | 59,169 |
Deferred loan fees, net of costs |  |  | 830 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 830 |
Total Loans |  | $ | 2,351,689 |  |  | $ | 14,282 |  |  | $ | 1,913 |  |  | $ | 3,037 |  |  | $ | 60,026 |  |  | $ | 2,430,947 |

The following tables present the amortized cost of nonaccrual loans held for investment with and without an ACL by loan category as of the dates stated.

|  | March 31, 2024 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Nonaccrual Loans with No ACL |  |  | Nonaccrual Loans with an ACL |  |  | Total Nonaccrual Loans |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33,946 |  |  | $ | 33,946 |
Real estate – construction, commercial |  |  | 1,863 |  |  |  | 370 |  |  |  | 2,233 |
Real estate – commercial |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,441 |  |  |  | 7,441 |
Real estate – residential |  |  | 565 |  |  |  | 5,899 |  |  |  | 6,464 |
Consumer |  |  | — |  |  |  | 790 |  |  |  | 790 |
Total |  | $ | 2,428 |  |  | $ | 48,446 |  |  | $ | 50,874 |

|  | December 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Nonaccrual Loans with No ACL |  |  | Nonaccrual Loans with an ACL |  |  | Total Nonaccrual Loans |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 1,487 |  |  | $ | 37,942 |  |  | $ | 39,429 |
Real estate – construction, commercial |  |  | — |  |  |  | 383 |  |  |  | 383 |
Real estate – commercial |  |  | 2,024 |  |  |  | 9,856 |  |  |  | 11,880 |
Real estate – residential |  |  | 577 |  |  |  | 7,003 |  |  |  | 7,580 |
Consumer |  |  | — |  |  |  | 754 |  |  |  | 754 |
Total |  | $ | 4,088 |  |  | $ | 55,938 |  |  | $ | 60,026 |

The Company recognized $65 thousand and $89 thousand of interest income on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

The following table presents accrued interest receivable by loan type reversed from interest income associated with loans held for investment that were placed on nonaccrual status for the periods stated.

|  | For the three months ended March 31, |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Real estate – construction, commercial |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 1 |
Real estate – commercial |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 20 |
Real estate – residential |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 245 |
Consumer |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 49 |
Total |  | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | 326 |

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company segments loans held for investment into risk categories based on relevant information about the expected ability of borrowers to repay debt, such as current financial information, historical payment performance, experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. Management assigns loan risk grades by a numerical system as an indication of credit quality of its portfolio of loans held for

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investment. The Company uses the following definitions for loan risk ratings and periodically evaluates the appropriateness of these ratings across its loan portfolio. Independent third-party loan reviews are periodically performed on the Company's loan portfolio and such reviews are used to validate management's determination of loan risk grades. Bank regulatory agencies also periodically review the Company's loan portfolio, including loan risk grades and may change a grade based on their judgment of the facts at the time of review.

Risk Grade 1 – Strong: This grade is reserved for loans to the strongest of borrowers. These loans are to individuals or businesses where the probability of default is extremely low to the Bank and are secured with collateral where the loss given default is unlikely because of the source of repayment such as a lien on a deposit account held at the Bank. Character, credit history, and ability of individuals or company principals are excellent. High liquidity, minimum risk, strong ratios, and low servicing cost are present.

Risk Grade 2 – Minimal: This grade is reserved for loans to borrowers who are deemed exceptionally strong. These loans are within established guidelines and where the borrowers have documented significant overall financial strength with consistent and predictable cash flows. These loans have excellent sources of repayment, significant balance sheet liquidity, no significant identifiable risk of collection, and conform in all respects to policy, underwriting standards, and federal and state regulations (no exceptions of any kind). In addition, guarantor support, when provided, is viewed as excellent.

Risk Grade 3 – Acceptable: This grade is reserved for loans to borrowers who are deemed strong. These loans have adequate sources of repayment, with minimal identifiable risk of collection. Generally, loans assigned this risk grade will demonstrate the following characteristics: (1) conformity in all respects with policy, guidelines, underwriting standards, and federal and state regulations (no exceptions of any kind), (2) documented historical cash flow that meets or exceeds required minimum guidelines, or that can be supplemented with verifiable cash flow from other sources, and (3) adequate secondary sources to liquidate the debt. In addition, guarantor support, when provided, is viewed as strong.

Risk Grade 4 – Satisfactory: This grade is given to satisfactory loans containing more, but deemed acceptable, risk and where the borrower is assessed as sound. These loans have adequate sources of repayment, with minimal identifiable risk of collection. Loans assigned this risk grade will demonstrate the following characteristics: (1) general conformity to the Bank's underwriting requirements, with limited exceptions to policy, product, or underwriting guidelines. All exceptions noted have documented mitigating factors that offset any additional risk associated with the exceptions noted, (2) documented historical cash flow that meets or exceeds required minimum guidelines, or that can be supplemented with verifiable cash flow from other sources, and (3) adequate secondary sources to liquidate the debt. In addition, guarantor support, when provided, is viewed as satisfactory.

Risk Grade 5 – Watch: This grade is for satisfactory loans containing acceptable but elevated risk. These loans are characterized by borrowers who exhibit signs of financial distress or experience unstable or unfavorable change(s) adversely impacting their current or expected financial condition. The borrower's management is deemed to be satisfactory, the collateral securing the loan may have decreased in value, the debt service coverage ratio is inconsistent or breakeven but mostly positive, and/or guarantor support, if any, is limited or marginal. Loans classified as Watch warrant additional monitoring by management.

Risk Grade 6 – Special Mention: This grade is for loans that have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the Bank's credit position at some future date. Special Mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Special mention credits typically do not conform to underwriting guidelines and/or exceptions without mitigating factors, or have emerging weaknesses that may or may not be cured with the passage of time.

Risk Grade 7 – Substandard: A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as substandard must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt; they are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. The probability of default is likely and may have occurred. Loans in this category are characterized by deterioration in quality exhibited by any number of well-defined weaknesses requiring corrective action. The weaknesses may include, but are not limited to: (1) current or expected unprofitable operations, (2) inadequate debt service coverage, (3) declining or inadequate liquidity, (4) improper loan structure, (5) questionable or weak repayment sources, and (6) lack of well-defined secondary repayment source. There is a distinct possibility of loss and the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

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Risk Grade 8 – Doubtful: Loans classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable. However, these loans are not yet rated as loss because certain events may occur which would salvage the Bank's position, which can include, but is not limited to (1) an injection of capital, (2) alternative financing, and (3) liquidation of assets or the pledging of additional collateral. Doubtful is a temporary grade where a loss is expected but is presently not quantified with any degree of accuracy. Once the loss position is determined, the amount is charged off against the allowance for credit losses.

Risk Grade 9 – Loss: Loans classified loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer charging off the worthless loan, even though partial recovery may be effected in the future. Probable loss portions deemed uncollectible are charged off promptly against the allowance for credit losses.

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The following table presents the amortized cost of loans held for investment by internal loan risk grade by year of origination as of March 31, 2024. Also presented are current period gross charge-offs by loan type for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

|  | Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | Prior |  |  | Revolving Loans |  |  | Total |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  | $ | 2,491 |  |  | $ | 14,949 |  |  | $ | 109,129 |  |  | $ | 25,875 |  |  | $ | 23,954 |  |  | $ | 20,635 |  |  | $ | 136,887 |  |  | $ | 333,920 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | 68 |  |  |  | 27,159 |  |  |  | 37,715 |  |  |  | 13,637 |  |  |  | 6,044 |  |  |  | 2,338 |  |  |  | 20,977 |  |  |  | 107,938 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 77 |  |  |  | 324 |  |  |  | 6,135 |  |  |  | 803 |  |  |  | 752 |  |  |  | 7,716 |  |  |  | 15,807 |
Risk Grade 8 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29,750 |  |  |  | 2,557 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32,307 |
Total |  |  | 2,559 |  |  |  | 42,185 |  |  |  | 176,918 |  |  |  | 48,204 |  |  |  | 30,801 |  |  |  | 23,725 |  |  |  | 165,580 |  |  |  | 489,972 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | 447 |  |  |  | 1,364 |  |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,957 |
Real estate – construction, commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | 9,397 |  |  |  | 85,565 |  |  |  | 17,534 |  |  |  | 13,531 |  |  |  | 7,463 |  |  |  | 1,537 |  |  |  | 135,142 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,101 |  |  |  | 5,529 |  |  |  | 1,513 |  |  |  | 194 |  |  |  | 5,684 |  |  |  | 3,632 |  |  |  | 17,653 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 3,630 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 364 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,148 |
Total |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | 10,616 |  |  |  | 94,724 |  |  |  | 19,083 |  |  |  | 13,725 |  |  |  | 13,511 |  |  |  | 5,169 |  |  |  | 156,943 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction, residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  |  | 5,952 |  |  |  | 27,017 |  |  |  | 8,063 |  |  |  | 6,740 |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 10,729 |  |  |  | 58,591 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,281 |  |  |  | 1,362 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 165 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,808 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 393 |  |  |  | 155 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 548 |
Total |  |  | 5,952 |  |  |  | 29,691 |  |  |  | 9,580 |  |  |  | 6,740 |  |  |  | 191 |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 10,729 |  |  |  | 62,947 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Real estate – commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  |  | 5,053 |  |  |  | 18,197 |  |  |  | 269,429 |  |  |  | 122,861 |  |  |  | 147,005 |  |  |  | 168,496 |  |  |  | 21,967 |  |  |  | 753,011 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 452 |  |  |  | 43,469 |  |  |  | 15,779 |  |  |  | 17,641 |  |  |  | 33,312 |  |  |  | 4,214 |  |  |  | 114,867 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,104 |  |  |  | 6,977 |  |  |  | 3,835 |  |  |  | 2,007 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,923 |
Total |  |  | 5,053 |  |  |  | 18,649 |  |  |  | 314,002 |  |  |  | 145,617 |  |  |  | 168,481 |  |  |  | 203,815 |  |  |  | 26,181 |  |  |  | 881,798 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Real estate – residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | 52,894 |  |  |  | 230,577 |  |  |  | 118,789 |  |  |  | 68,096 |  |  |  | 157,871 |  |  |  | 55,377 |  |  |  | 683,749 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | 229 |  |  |  | 12,509 |  |  |  | 10,066 |  |  |  | 3,659 |  |  |  | 2,278 |  |  |  | 13,796 |  |  |  | 3,341 |  |  |  | 45,878 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,160 |  |  |  | 1,266 |  |  |  | 1,455 |  |  |  | 5,465 |  |  |  | 276 |  |  |  | 10,622 |
Total |  |  | 374 |  |  |  | 65,403 |  |  |  | 242,803 |  |  |  | 123,714 |  |  |  | 71,829 |  |  |  | 177,132 |  |  |  | 58,994 |  |  |  | 740,249 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Real estate – farmland |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,004 |  |  |  | 1,383 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,956 |  |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | 5,529 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 144 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 144 |
Total |  |  | — |  |  |  | 144 |  |  |  | 1,004 |  |  |  | 1,383 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,956 |  |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | 5,673 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Consumer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  |  | 3,566 |  |  |  | 23,334 |  |  |  | 12,661 |  |  |  | 3,001 |  |  |  | 2,303 |  |  |  | 1,179 |  |  |  | 8,098 |  |  |  | 54,142 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 495 |  |  |  | 667 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 195 |  |  |  | 377 |  |  |  | 193 |  |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 973 |
Total |  |  | 3,566 |  |  |  | 23,587 |  |  |  | 13,078 |  |  |  | 3,202 |  |  |  | 2,432 |  |  |  | 1,324 |  |  |  | 8,593 |  |  |  | 55,782 |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | 523 |  |  |  | 75 |  |  |  | 119 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 745 |
Total Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  | $ | 17,322 |  |  | $ | 145,788 |  |  | $ | 716,428 |  |  | $ | 296,183 |  |  | $ | 254,915 |  |  | $ | 358,664 |  |  | $ | 234,781 |  |  | $ | 2,024,081 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | 297 |  |  |  | 43,704 |  |  |  | 98,181 |  |  |  | 34,596 |  |  |  | 26,328 |  |  |  | 55,190 |  |  |  | 32,659 |  |  |  | 290,955 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 783 |  |  |  | 7,750 |  |  |  | 14,607 |  |  |  | 6,216 |  |  |  | 8,673 |  |  |  | 7,992 |  |  |  | 46,021 |
Risk Grade 8 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29,750 |  |  |  | 2,557 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32,307 |
Total |  | $ | 17,619 |  |  | $ | 190,275 |  |  | $ | 852,109 |  |  | $ | 347,943 |  |  | $ | 287,459 |  |  | $ | 422,527 |  |  | $ | 275,432 |  |  | $ | 2,393,364 |
Total current period gross charge-offs |  | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | 1,483 |  |  | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,702 |

Of the $32.3 million of commercial and industrial loans classified as doubtful (risk grade 8) as of March 31, 2024, $29.8 million was attributable to a specialty finance loan with a specific reserve, a component of the ACL, of $9.6 million as of the same date. There were no loans classified as loss (risk grade 9) as of March 31, 2024.

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The following table presents the amortized cost of loans held for investment by internal loan risk grade by year of origination as of December 31, 2023.

|  | Term Loans Recorded Investment Basis by Origination Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Prior |  |  | Revolving Loans |  |  | Total |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  | $ | 15,830 |  |  | $ | 114,291 |  |  | $ | 32,273 |  |  | $ | 25,429 |  |  | $ | 8,217 |  |  | $ | 14,200 |  |  | $ | 138,267 |  |  | $ | 348,507 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | 26,563 |  |  |  | 40,399 |  |  |  | 12,759 |  |  |  | 6,305 |  |  |  | 819 |  |  |  | 1,537 |  |  |  | 19,722 |  |  |  | 108,104 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 877 |  |  |  | 3,623 |  |  |  | 829 |  |  |  | 543 |  |  |  | 134 |  |  |  | 9,191 |  |  |  | 15,197 |
Risk Grade 8 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34,203 |  |  |  | 2,554 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 379 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37,136 |
Total |  |  | 42,393 |  |  |  | 189,770 |  |  |  | 51,209 |  |  |  | 32,563 |  |  |  | 9,579 |  |  |  | 16,250 |  |  |  | 167,180 |  |  |  | 508,944 |
Real estate – construction, commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  |  | 8,533 |  |  |  | 85,687 |  |  |  | 33,344 |  |  |  | 14,690 |  |  |  | 6,358 |  |  |  | 5,589 |  |  |  | 4,367 |  |  |  | 158,568 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | 4,213 |  |  |  | 11,072 |  |  |  | 760 |  |  |  | 293 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 738 |  |  |  | 3,827 |  |  |  | 20,903 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | 119 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 376 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 581 |
Total |  |  | 12,865 |  |  |  | 96,805 |  |  |  | 34,144 |  |  |  | 14,983 |  |  |  | 6,358 |  |  |  | 6,703 |  |  |  | 8,194 |  |  |  | 180,052 |
Real estate – construction, residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  |  | 31,611 |  |  |  | 22,734 |  |  |  | 3,867 |  |  |  | 59 |  |  |  | 741 |  |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 10,656 |  |  |  | 69,735 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | 1,486 |  |  |  | 2,672 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,525 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | 367 |  |  |  | 1,205 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,572 |
Total |  |  | 33,464 |  |  |  | 26,611 |  |  |  | 3,867 |  |  |  | 226 |  |  |  | 941 |  |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 10,656 |  |  |  | 75,832 |
Real estate – commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  |  | 14,671 |  |  |  | 280,479 |  |  |  | 121,257 |  |  |  | 144,498 |  |  |  | 42,226 |  |  |  | 123,774 |  |  |  | 20,332 |  |  |  | 747,237 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | 2,841 |  |  |  | 25,075 |  |  |  | 9,038 |  |  |  | 19,597 |  |  |  | 12,921 |  |  |  | 27,778 |  |  |  | 4,214 |  |  |  | 101,464 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | 323 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,202 |  |  |  | 4,938 |  |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 8,265 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,839 |
Total |  |  | 17,835 |  |  |  | 305,554 |  |  |  | 138,497 |  |  |  | 169,033 |  |  |  | 55,258 |  |  |  | 159,817 |  |  |  | 24,546 |  |  |  | 870,540 |
Real estate – residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  |  | 51,042 |  |  |  | 218,375 |  |  |  | 121,872 |  |  |  | 69,165 |  |  |  | 27,877 |  |  |  | 132,986 |  |  |  | 55,327 |  |  |  | 676,644 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | 12,014 |  |  |  | 9,339 |  |  |  | 677 |  |  |  | 1,944 |  |  |  | 2,122 |  |  |  | 7,281 |  |  |  | 3,255 |  |  |  | 36,632 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,240 |  |  |  | 2,446 |  |  |  | 1,812 |  |  |  | 943 |  |  |  | 9,307 |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 16,833 |
Risk Grade 8 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |
Total |  |  | 63,056 |  |  |  | 229,954 |  |  |  | 124,995 |  |  |  | 72,921 |  |  |  | 30,942 |  |  |  | 149,575 |  |  |  | 58,667 |  |  |  | 730,110 |
Real estate – farmland |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 729 |  |  |  | 1,397 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,520 |  |  |  | 1,562 |  |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | 5,323 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | 147 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 147 |
Total |  |  | 147 |  |  |  | 729 |  |  |  | 1,397 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,520 |  |  |  | 1,562 |  |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | 5,470 |
Consumer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  |  | 26,535 |  |  |  | 14,215 |  |  |  | 3,598 |  |  |  | 2,724 |  |  |  | 1,137 |  |  |  | 466 |  |  |  | 8,766 |  |  |  | 57,441 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 433 |  |  |  | 495 |  |  |  | 1,063 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | 131 |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 102 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 665 |
Total |  |  | 26,610 |  |  |  | 14,516 |  |  |  | 3,725 |  |  |  | 2,867 |  |  |  | 1,189 |  |  |  | 1,001 |  |  |  | 9,261 |  |  |  | 59,169 |
Total Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk Grades 1 - 4 |  | $ | 148,222 |  |  | $ | 736,510 |  |  | $ | 317,608 |  |  | $ | 256,565 |  |  | $ | 88,076 |  |  | $ | 278,644 |  |  | $ | 237,830 |  |  | $ | 2,063,455 |
Risk Grades 5 - 6 |  |  | 47,325 |  |  |  | 88,599 |  |  |  | 23,246 |  |  |  | 28,318 |  |  |  | 16,070 |  |  |  | 37,767 |  |  |  | 31,513 |  |  |  | 272,838 |
Risk Grade 7 |  |  | 823 |  |  |  | 4,627 |  |  |  | 14,426 |  |  |  | 7,710 |  |  |  | 1,641 |  |  |  | 18,184 |  |  |  | 9,276 |  |  |  | 56,687 |
Risk Grade 8 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34,203 |  |  |  | 2,554 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 380 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37,137 |
Total |  | $ | 196,370 |  |  | $ | 863,939 |  |  | $ | 357,834 |  |  | $ | 292,593 |  |  | $ | 105,787 |  |  | $ | 334,975 |  |  | $ | 278,619 |  |  | $ | 2,430,117 |

17

The following tables present an analysis of the change in the ACL by major loan segment for the periods stated. Loan segments are presented as either commercial or consumer as follows:

•
Commercial – commercial and industrial; real estate – construction, commercial; real estate – commercial; and real estate – farmland; and
•
Consumer – real estate – construction, residential; real estate – residential; and consumer.

|  | For the three months ended March 31, 2024 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Commercial |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 27,491 |  |  | $ | 8,402 |  |  | $ | 35,893 |
Charge-offs |  |  | (1,957 | ) |  |  | (745 | ) |  |  | (2,702 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 1,531 |  |  |  | 303 |  |  |  | 1,834 |
Net charge-offs |  |  | (426 | ) |  |  | (442 | ) |  |  | (868 | )
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 27,065 |  |  | $ | 7,960 |  |  | $ | 35,025 |

|  | For the three months ended March 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Commercial |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 27,070 |  |  | $ | 3,670 |  |  | $ | 30,740 |
Impact of ASC 326 adoption |  |  | 2,926 |  |  |  | 4,492 |  |  |  | 7,418 |
Charge-offs |  |  | (799 | ) |  |  | (510 | ) |  |  | (1,309 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 104 |  |  |  | 222 |
Net charge-offs |  |  | (681 | ) |  |  | (406 | ) |  |  | (1,087 | )
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses - loans |  |  | (2,049 | ) |  |  | 939 |  |  |  | (1,110 | )
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 27,266 |  |  | $ | 8,695 |  |  | $ | 35,961 |

There were no material changes to the assumptions, loss factors (both quantitative and qualitative), or reasonable and supportable forecasts used in the estimation of the ACL and the provision for credit losses for loans held for investment as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Excluded from the ACL as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $12.9 million and $13.2 million of accrued interest attributable to loans held for investment, respectively, which is included in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet.

The following table presents the amortized cost of collateral-dependent loans as of the dates stated.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 62,905 |  |  | $ | 67,555 |
Real estate – construction, commercial |  |  | 5,719 |  |  |  | 6,309 |
Real estate – construction, residential |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,303 |
Real estate – commercial |  |  | 14,285 |  |  |  | 13,401 |
Real estate – residential |  |  | 8,690 |  |  |  | 7,337 |
Total collateral-dependent loans |  | $ | 91,599 |  |  | $ | 96,905 |

Acquired Loans

As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the amortized cost of purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") loans totaled $51.0 million, with estimated ACL of $522 thousand and $529 thousand, respectively. The remaining non-credit discount on PCD loans was $3.7 million and $3.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

18

Modified Loans

The Company closely monitors the performance of borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that have been granted certain loan modifications it would otherwise not consider.

The following table presents information on loans modified in the last 12 months from the date stated.

|  | March 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Number of Loans |  |  | Recorded Investment |  |  | Recorded Investment of Modified Loans to Gross Loans by Category |  |  | Financial Effect
Modification - term extension and forbearance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Forbearance agreements
Commercial and industrial (1) |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 33,979 |  |  |  | 6.93 | % |  |
Real estate – construction, residential |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 155 |  |  |  | 0.02 | % |  |
Real estate – residential |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | 0.02 | % |  |
Modification - payment deferral |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Payment deferral 6-9 months
Real estate – residential |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 565 |  |  |  | 0.06 | % |  |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 183 |  |  |  | 0.04 | % |  |
Total |  |  | 7 |  |  | $ | 35,009 |  |  |  | 1.46 | % |  |
(1) Included in this balance was a $29.8 million loan that was modified via a forbearance agreement in the second quarter of 2023 under which the borrower defaulted in the same period. This loan is collateral-dependent, is on nonaccrual status, and has a specific reserve of $9.6 million as of March 31, 2024. Subsequent to March 31, 2024, the Company received cash payments totaling $1.5 million, which were applied to the book principal balance of the loan.

The following table presents an aging analysis of the recorded investment of loans modified as of the date stated.

|  | March 31, 2024 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Current Loans |  |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  |  | Greater than 90 Days Past Due & Accruing |  |  | Nonaccrual |  |  | Total |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 1,681 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,481 |  |  | $ | 34,162 |
Real estate – residential |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 565 |  |  |  | 692 |
Real estate – construction, residential |  |  | 155 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 155 |
Total modified loans |  | $ | 1,963 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33,046 |  |  | $ | 35,009 |

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no loans modified on behalf of borrowers experiencing financial difficulty had a payment default.

Nine residential mortgage loans with a total recorded investment of $1.3 million were in the process of foreclosure as of March 31, 2024.

Note 4 – Borrowings

FHLB Borrowings

The Bank has a line of credit from the FHLB secured by pledged qualifying real estate loans and securities. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, based on pledged collateral, the line totaled $656.5 million and $455.6 million, respectively. The FHLB will lend up to 30% of the Bank’s total assets as of the prior quarter end, subject to certain eligibility requirements, including adequate collateral. The Bank had borrowings from the FHLB totaling $280.0 million and $210.0 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. FHL B borrowings required the Bank to hold $15.6 million and $12.3 million of FHLB stock at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which is included in restricted equity investments on the consolidated balance sheets.

19

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank also had letters of credit outstanding with the FHLB in the amount of $111.2 million and $110.1 million, respectively, of which $110.0 million was for the purpose of collateral for public deposits with the Treasury Board of the Commonwealth of Virginia as of the same dates. Outstanding letters of credit reduce the available balance of the borrowing facility with the FHLB, which was $265.4 million and $135.5 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The following tables present information regarding FHLB advances outstanding as of the dates stated.

|  | March 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  |  | Origination Date |  | Stated Interest Rate |  |  | Maturity Date
Daily Rate Credit |  | $ | 130,000 |  |  | 5/8/2023 |  |  | 5.58 | % |  | 5/8/2024
Fixed Rate Credit |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 3/15/2023 |  |  | 4.07 | % |  | 3/15/2027
Fixed Rate Credit |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 5/2/2023 |  |  | 3.87 | % |  | 5/3/2027
Fixed Rate Credit |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 5/4/2023 |  |  | 3.52 | % |  | 5/4/2028
Total FHLB borrowings |  | $ | 280,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

|  | December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  |  | Origination Date |  | Stated Interest Rate |  |  | Maturity Date
Daily Rate Credit |  | $ | 60,000 |  |  | 5/8/2023 |  |  | 5.57 | % |  | 5/8/2024
Fixed Rate Credit |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 3/15/2023 |  |  | 4.07 | % |  | 3/15/2027
Fixed Rate Credit |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 5/2/2023 |  |  | 3.87 | % |  | 5/3/2027
Fixed Rate Credit |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 5/4/2023 |  |  | 3.52 | % |  | 5/4/2028
Total FHLB borrowings |  | $ | 210,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

FRB Borrowings

The Company may obtain advances from the FRB through the FRB Discount Window. The Company had secured capacity through the FRB Discount Window of $101.8 million and $161.0 million, of which the Company had no outstanding advances as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had secured capacity under the BTFP of $69.0 million, of which the Company had drawn one advance for $65.0 million, maturing May 10, 2024, with a fixed interest rate of 4.74%. BTFP advances can be repaid at any time without penalty. On January 24, 2024, the Federal Reserve announced that the BTFP program would cease making new loans effective March 11, 2024.

Other Borrowings

The Company had an unsecured line of credit with a correspondent bank of $10.0 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. This line bears interest at the prevailing rates for such loans and is cancelable any time by the correspondent bank. As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, this line of credit was undrawn.

The Company had $39.8 million and $39.9 million of subordinated notes, net, outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company's subordinated notes are comprised of an issuance in October 2019 maturing October 15, 2029 (the “2029 Notes”) and an issuance in May 2020 maturing June 1, 2030 (the “2030 Note”). As of March 31, 2024, the net carrying amount of the 2029 Notes was $25.1 million, inclusive of a $553 thousand purchase accounting adjustment (premium). For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the effective interest rate on the 2029 Notes was 5.22% and 5.09%, respectively, inclusive of the amortization of the purchase accounting adjustment (premium). As of March 31, 2024, the net carrying amount of the 2030 Note, including capitalized, unamortized debt issuance costs, was $14.8 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the effective interest rate on the 2030 Note was 6.09% and 6.10%, respectively.

Note 5 – Leases

The Company’s long-term lease agreements are classified as operating leases. Certain of these leases offer the option to extend the lease term and such extensions are included in the calculation of the lease liabilities to the extent the options are reasonably assured of being exercised. The lease agreements do not provide for residual value guarantees and have no restrictions or covenants that would impact dividends or require incurring additional financial obligations.

20

The following tables present information about the Company’s leases as of the dates and for the periods stated.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Lease liabilities |  | $ | 8,870 |  |  | $ | 9,619 |
Right-of-use asset |  | $ | 8,067 |  |  | $ | 8,738 |
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |  |  | 7.09 |  |  |  | 7.14 |
Weighted average discount rate |  |  | 3.33 | % |  |  | 3.25 | %

|  | For the three months ended March 31, |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Operating lease cost |  | $ | 486 |  |  | $ | 715 |
Total lease cost |  |  | 486 |  |  |  | 715 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  |  | 456 |  |  |  | 599 |

The following table presents a maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the total of operating lease liabilities as of the date stated.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |
Nine months ending December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 1,374 |
Twelve months ending December 31, 2025 |  |  | 1,544 |
Twelve months ending December 31, 2026 |  |  | 1,449 |
Twelve months ending December 31, 2027 |  |  | 1,304 |
Twelve months ending December 31, 2028 |  |  | 1,101 |
Thereafter |  |  | 3,288 |
Total undiscounted cash flows |  |  | 10,060 |
Discount |  |  | (1,190 | )
Lease liabilities |  | $ | 8,870 |

Note 6 – Fair Value

The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances,

21

there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques.

The three levels of input that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1 – |  | Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2 – |  | Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions can be derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data in the market.
Level 3 – |  | Valuation is based on model-based techniques that use one or more significant inputs or assumptions that are unobservable in the market.

The following tables present the balances of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates stated.

|  | March 31, 2024 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage backed securities |  | $ | 171,222 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 169,222 |  |  | $ | 2,000 |
U.S. Treasury and agencies |  |  | 68,134 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 68,134 |  |  |  | — |
State and municipals |  |  | 42,926 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42,926 |  |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 32,112 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31,362 |  |  |  | 750 |
Total securities available for sale |  | $ | 314,394 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 311,644 |  |  | $ | 2,750 |
Other assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage servicing rights assets |  | $ | 27,843 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,843 |
Rabbi trust assets |  |  | 564 |  |  |  | 564 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Mortgage derivative asset |  |  | 242 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 242 |  |  |  | — |
Interest rate swap asset |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | — |
Other liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage derivative liability |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swap liability |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | — |

|  | December 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage backed securities |  | $ | 176,970 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 176,970 |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Treasury and agencies |  |  | 68,871 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 68,871 |  |  |  | — |
State and municipals |  |  | 43,325 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43,325 |  |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 31,915 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31,165 |  |  |  | 750 |
Total securities available for sale |  | $ | 321,081 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 320,331 |  |  | $ | 750 |
Other assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage servicing rights assets |  | $ | 27,114 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,114 |
Rabbi trust assets |  |  | 531 |  |  |  | 531 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Mortgage derivative asset |  |  | 335 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 335 |  |  |  | — |
Interest rate swap asset |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | — |
Other liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage derivative liability |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swap liability |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | — |

The following table presents the change in corporate bonds and mortgage backed securities using Level 3 inputs for the periods stated.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Corporate Bonds |  |  | Mortgage Backed Securities |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | — |
Transfers from Level 2 to Level 3 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,000 |
Balance as of March 31, 2024 |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | 2,000 |

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As of March 31, 2024, two corporate bonds and one mortgage backed security totaling $750 thousand and $2.0 million, respectively, were reported at their respective amortized cost basis and as Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy, as there were no observable market prices for similar investments.

The following table presents the change in mortgage servicing right ("MSR") assets as of the dates and for the periods stated.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | MSR Assets |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 27,114 |
Additions |  |  | 8 |
Fair value adjustments |  |  | 721 |
Balance as of March 31, 2024 |  | $ | 27,843 |

The following tables summarize assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of the dates stated.

|  | March 31, 2024 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Other equity investments |  | $ | 12,863 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,863 |  |  | $ | — |
Collateral-dependent loans |  |  | 45,423 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 45,423 |
Loans held for sale |  |  | 34,902 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34,902 |  |  |  | — |

|  | December 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Other equity investments |  | $ | 12,905 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,905 |  |  | $ | — |
Collateral-dependent loans |  |  | 56,068 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56,068 |
Loans held for sale |  |  | 46,337 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46,337 |  |  |  | — |

The following tables present quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements of assets measured on a nonrecurring basis as of the dates stated.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance as of March 31, 2024 |  |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range
Collateral-dependent loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discounted appraised value technique |  | $ | 45,423 |  |  | Selling Costs |  | 7% - 15%

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range
Collateral-dependent loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discounted appraised value technique |  | $ | 56,068 |  |  | Selling Costs |  | 7% - 15%

23

The following tables present the estimated fair values, related carrying amounts, and valuation level of the financial instruments as of the dates stated.

|  | March 31, 2024 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Carrying Value |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 117,464 |  |  | $ | 117,464 |  |  | $ | 117,464 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restricted cash |  |  | 10,734 |  |  |  | 10,734 |  |  |  | 10,734 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Federal funds sold |  |  | 6,849 |  |  |  | 6,849 |  |  |  | 6,849 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Securities available for sale |  |  | 314,394 |  |  |  | 314,394 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 311,644 |  |  |  | 2,750 |
Restricted equity investments |  |  | 22,071 |  |  |  | 22,071 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22,071 |  |  |  | — |
Other equity investments |  |  | 12,863 |  |  |  | 12,863 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,863 |  |  |  | — |
Other investments |  |  | 26,586 |  |  |  | 26,586 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26,586 |
Loans held for investment, net |  |  | 2,359,064 |  |  |  | 2,247,061 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,247,061 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 14,696 |  |  |  | 14,696 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,696 |  |  |  | — |
Bank owned life insurance |  |  | 48,790 |  |  |  | 48,790 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48,790 |  |  |  | — |
MSR assets |  |  | 27,843 |  |  |  | 27,843 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,843 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand |  | $ | 496,375 |  |  | $ | 496,375 |  |  | $ | 496,375 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing demand and money market |  |  | 898,870 |  |  |  | 898,870 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 898,870 |  |  |  | — |
Savings |  |  | 114,281 |  |  |  | 114,281 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 114,281 |  |  |  | — |
Time |  |  | 956,250 |  |  |  | 952,723 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 952,723 |
FHLB borrowings |  |  | 280,000 |  |  |  | 284,026 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 284,026 |  |  |  | — |
FRB borrowings |  |  | 65,000 |  |  |  | 65,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65,000 |  |  |  | — |
Subordinated notes, net |  |  | 39,838 |  |  |  | 37,999 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37,999 |

|  | December 31, 2023 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Carrying Value |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 110,491 |  |  | $ | 110,491 |  |  | $ | 110,491 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restricted cash |  |  | 10,660 |  |  |  | 10,660 |  |  |  | 10,660 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Federal funds sold |  |  | 4,451 |  |  |  | 4,451 |  |  |  | 4,451 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Securities available for sale |  |  | 321,081 |  |  |  | 321,081 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 320,331 |  |  |  | 750 |
Restricted equity investments |  |  | 18,621 |  |  |  | 18,621 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,621 |  |  |  | — |
Other equity investments |  |  | 12,905 |  |  |  | 12,905 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,905 |  |  |  | — |
Other investments |  |  | 29,467 |  |  |  | 29,467 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29,467 |
Loans held for investment, net |  |  | 2,395,054 |  |  |  | 2,316,113 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,316,113 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 14,968 |  |  |  | 14,967 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,967 |  |  |  | — |
Bank owned life insurance |  |  | 48,453 |  |  |  | 48,453 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48,453 |  |  |  | — |
MSR assets |  |  | 27,114 |  |  |  | 27,114 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,114 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand |  | $ | 506,248 |  |  | $ | 506,248 |  |  | $ | 506,248 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing demand and money market |  |  | 1,049,536 |  |  |  | 1,049,536 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,049,536 |  |  |  | — |
Savings |  |  | 117,923 |  |  |  | 117,923 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 117,923 |  |  |  | — |
Time |  |  | 892,325 |  |  |  | 892,439 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 892,439 |
FHLB borrowings |  |  | 210,000 |  |  |  | 211,799 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 211,799 |  |  |  | — |
FRB borrowings |  |  | 65,000 |  |  |  | 65,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65,000 |  |  |  | — |
Subordinated notes, net |  |  | 39,855 |  |  |  | 37,803 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 37,803 |

Note 7 – Minimum Regulatory Capital Requirements

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's

24

financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, financial institutions must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. A financial institution's capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Pursuant to the final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's capital guidelines for U.S. banks (the “Basel III rules”), banks must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios of 2.50% for all ratios, except the tier 1 leverage ratio. If a banking organization dips into its capital conservation buffer, it is subject to limitations on certain activities, including payment of dividends, share repurchases, and discretionary compensation to certain officers. Federal and state banking regulations place certain restrictions on dividends paid by the Company. The total amount of dividends that may be paid at any date is generally limited to retained earnings of the Company.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized; although, these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required.

In addition to the foregoing capital requirements, the Bank is subject to minimum capital ratios that are higher than those required for capital adequacy purposes, as set forth in the Consent Order. The Bank is required to maintain a leverage ratio of 10.00% and a total capital ratio of 13.00%. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank did not meet these minimum capital requirements. Until such levels are met and maintained and the Consent Order has been lifted, the Bank is deemed to be less than well capitalized, thus adequately capitalized.

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (referred herein as “current expected credit losses” or “CECL”) effective January 1, 2023. Federal and state banking regulations allow financial institutions to irrevocably elect to phase-in the after-tax cumulative effect adjustment at adoption to retained earnings (“CECL Transitional Amount”) over a three-year period. The three-year phase-in of the CECL Transitional Amount to regulatory capital is 25%, 50%, and 25% in 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively. The Bank made this irrevocable election effective with its first quarter 2023 call report.

The following tables present the capital ratios to which banks are subject to be adequatel y and well capitalized, as well as capital for the Bank to meet these capital ratio levels, as of the dates stated. Adequately capitalized ratios include the conversation buffer, if applicable. Also presented are the minimum capital ratios set forth in the Consent Order for the Bank, and the related capital amounts for both the leverage ratio and the total capital ratio. The CECL Transitional Amount was $8.1 million, of which $4.1 million and $2.0 million reduced the regulatory capital amounts and capital ratios as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

|  | March 31, 2024 |
|  | Actual |  |  | For Capital Adequacy Purposes |  |  | To Be Well Capitalized |  |  | Minimum Capital Ratios |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
Total risk based capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 268,846 |  |  |  | 10.51 | % |  | $ | 268,590 |  |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ | 255,800 |  |  |  | 10.00 | % |  | $ | 332,540 |  |  |  | 13.00 | %
Tier 1 capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 237,584 |  |  |  | 9.28 | % |  | $ | 217,615 |  |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | $ | 204,814 |  |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |
Common equity tier 1 capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 237,584 |  |  |  | 9.28 | % |  | $ | 179,212 |  |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | $ | 166,411 |  |  |  | 6.50 | % |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |
Tier 1 leverage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To average assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 237,584 |  |  |  | 7.44 | % |  | $ | 127,733 |  |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 159,667 |  |  |  | 5.00 | % |  | $ | 319,333 |  |  |  | 10.00 | %

25

|  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | Actual |  |  | For Capital Adequacy Purposes |  |  | To Be Well Capitalized |  |  | Minimum Capital Ratios |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
Total risk based capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 270,293 |  |  |  | 10.25 | % |  | $ | 276,842 |  |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ | 263,659 |  |  |  | 10.00 | % |  | $ | 342,757 |  |  |  | 13.00 | %
Tier 1 capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 239,775 |  |  |  | 9.09 | % |  | $ | 224,111 |  |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | $ | 210,928 |  |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |
Common equity tier 1 capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 239,775 |  |  |  | 9.09 | % |  | $ | 184,562 |  |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | $ | 171,379 |  |  |  | 6.50 | % |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |
Tier 1 leverage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To average assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 239,775 |  |  |  | 7.49 | % |  | $ | 128,001 |  |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 160,001 |  |  |  | 5.00 | % |  | $ | 320,003 |  |  |  | 10.00 | %

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of operations, the Company is party to legal proceedings. Based upon information currently available, management believes that such legal proceedings, in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Also, in the ordinary course of operations, the Company offers various financial products to its customers to meet their credit and liquidity needs. These instruments involve elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instruments for commitments to extend credit and stand-by letters of credit written is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional commitments as it does for on-balance sheet commitments.

Subject to its normal credit standards and risk monitoring procedures, the Company makes contractual commitments to extend credit. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments may expire without being completely drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding loan commitments of $408.5 million and $480.8 million, respectively. Of these amounts, $110.4 million and $113.5 million were unconditionally cancelable at the sole discretion of the Company as of the same respective dates.

Conditional commitments are issued by the Company in the form of financial stand-by letters of credit, which guarantee payment to the underlying beneficiary (i.e., third party) if the customer fails to meet its designated financial obligation. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, commitments under outstanding financial stand-by letters of credit totaled $11.6 million and $12.6 mil lion, respectively. The credit risk of issuing stand-by letters of credit can be greater than the risk involved in extending loans to customers.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a recovery of provision for credit losses for unfunded commitments of $1.0 million and $400 thousand, respectively, which was primarily attributable to lower balances of loan commitments. As of March 31, 2024, the reserve for unfunded commitments was $2.1 million compared to $3.1 million as of December 31, 2023.

The Company invests in various partnerships, limited liability companies, and SBIC funds. Pursuant to these investments, the Company commits to an investment amount to be fulfilled in future periods. At March 31, 2024, the Company had future commitments outstanding totaling $13.4 million related to these investments.

Note 9 – Earnings Per S hare

The following table shows the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") and the weighted average nu mber of shares outstanding used in computing EPS and the effect on the weighted average number of shares outstanding of dilutive potential common stock for the periods stated. Basic EPS amounts are computed by dividing net

26

income (the numerator) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding (the denominator). Diluted EPS amounts assume the conversion, exercise, or issuance of all potential common stock instruments, unless the effect would be to reduce the loss or increase earnings per common share. Potential dilutive common stock instruments include exercisable stock options and performance-based restricted stock awards (“PSAs”). For the three months ended March 31, 20 23, stock options and PSAs for 1,643 shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively, were considered anti-dilutive and excluded from the computation of diluted EPS.

|  | For the three months ended March 31, |
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic |  |  | 19,178,332 |  |  |  | 18,856,515 |
Effect of dilutive securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,506 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding, dilutive |  |  | 19,178,332 |  |  |  | 18,860,021 |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (2,893 | ) |  | $ | 3,970 |
Basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share |  | $ | (0.15 | ) |  | $ | 0.21 |

Note 10 – Business Segments

The Company has three reportable business segments: commercial banking, mortgage banking, and holding company activities. The commercial banking business segment makes loans to and generates deposits from individuals and businesses, while offering a wide array of general banking activities to its customers. It is distinct from the Company's mortgage banking division, which concentrates on individual and wholesale mortgage lending and sales activities. Activities at the holding com pany (or parent level) are primarily associated with investments, borrowings, and certain noninterest expenses.

The following tables present statement of operations items and assets by segment as of the dates and for the periods stated.

|  | As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Commercial Banking |  |  | Mortgage Banking |  |  | Parent Only |  |  | Eliminations |  |  | Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc. Consolidated |
NET INTEREST INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 42,199 |  |  | $ | 332 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42,531 |
Interest expense |  |  | 21,476 |  |  |  | 146 |  |  |  | 560 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22,182 |
Net interest income |  |  | 20,723 |  |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | (560 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,349 |
Recovery of credit losses |  |  | (1,000 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,000 | )
Net interest income after provision for credit losses |  |  | 21,723 |  |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | (560 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,349 |
NONINTEREST INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage banking income |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,664 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,664 |
Mortgage servicing rights |  |  | — |  |  |  | 729 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 729 |
Gain on sale of guaranteed government loans |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 110 |
Other income |  |  | 4,411 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | (99 | ) |  |  | 4,322 |
Total noninterest income |  |  | 4,521 |  |  |  | 3,393 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | (99 | ) |  |  | 7,825 |
NONINTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  |  | 14,168 |  |  |  | 1,844 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,045 |
Regulatory remediation |  |  | 2,644 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,644 |
Other expenses |  |  | 12,403 |  |  |  | 1,212 |  |  |  | 269 |  |  |  | (99 | ) |  |  | 13,785 |
Total noninterest expense |  |  | 29,215 |  |  |  | 3,056 |  |  |  | 302 |  |  |  | (99 | ) |  |  | 32,474 |
(Loss) income before income tax expense |  |  | (2,971 | ) |  |  | 523 |  |  |  | (852 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,300 | )
Income tax (benefit) expense |  |  | (321 | ) |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | (172 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (407 | )
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (2,650 | ) |  | $ | 437 |  |  | $ | (680 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,893 | )
Total assets as of March 31, 2024 |  | $ | 3,024,935 |  |  | $ | 36,343 |  |  | $ | 228,544 |  |  | $ | (213,635 | ) |  | $ | 3,076,187 |

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|  | As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Commercial Banking |  |  | Mortgage Banking |  |  | Parent Only |  |  | Eliminations |  |  | Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc. Consolidated |
NET INTEREST INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 40,579 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40,890 |
Interest expense |  |  | 15,002 |  |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | 553 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,694 |
Net interest income |  |  | 25,577 |  |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | (547 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,196 |
Recovery of credit losses |  |  | (1,510 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,510 | )
Net interest income after provision for credit losses |  |  | 27,087 |  |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | (547 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26,706 |
NONINTEREST INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential mortgage banking income |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,199 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,199 |
Mortgage servicing rights |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,896 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,896 | )
Gain on sale of guaranteed government loans |  |  | 2,409 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,409 |
Other income |  |  | 3,713 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | (99 | ) |  |  | 3,571 |
Total noninterest income |  |  | 6,122 |  |  |  | 1,303 |  |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | (99 | ) |  |  | 7,283 |
NONINTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  |  | 12,628 |  |  |  | 2,661 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,289 |
Regulatory remediation |  |  | 1,134 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,134 |
Other expenses |  |  | 10,076 |  |  |  | 1,485 |  |  |  | 962 |  |  |  | (99 | ) |  |  | 12,424 |
Total noninterest expense |  |  | 23,838 |  |  |  | 4,146 |  |  |  | 962 |  |  |  | (99 | ) |  |  | 28,847 |
Income (loss) before income tax expense |  |  | 9,371 |  |  |  | (2,677 | ) |  |  | (1,552 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,142 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 2,081 |  |  |  | (583 | ) |  |  | (326 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,172 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 7,290 |  |  | $ | (2,094 | ) |  | $ | (1,226 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,970 |
Total assets as of March 31, 2023 |  | $ | 3,259,602 |  |  | $ | 34,083 |  |  | $ | 288,598 |  |  | $ | (258,223 | ) |  | $ | 3,324,060 |

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Note 11 – Changes to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net

The following tables present components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods stated.

|  | For the three months ended March 31, 2024 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Net Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Available for Sale Securities |  |  | Transfer of Securities Held to Maturity to Available For Sale |  |  | Pension and Post-retirement Benefit Plans |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, net |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  | $ | (45,481 | ) |  | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (45,056 | )
Change in net unrealized holding losses on securities available for sale, net of deferred tax benefit of $372 |  |  | (2,558 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,558 | )
Balance as of March 31, 2024 |  | $ | (48,039 | ) |  | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (47,614 | )
|  | For the three months ended March 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Net Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Available for Sale Securities |  |  | Transfer of Securities Held to Maturity to Available For Sale |  |  | Pension and Post-retirement Benefit Plans |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, net |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |  | $ | (45,525 | ) |  | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (45,101 | )
Change in net unrealized holding gains on securities available for sale, net of deferred tax expense of $1,113 |  |  | 3,866 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,866 |
Balance as of March 31, 2023 |  | $ | (41,659 | ) |  | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (41,235 | )

Note 12 – Legal Matters

In December 2023, a purported shareholder of the Company commenced a putative class action in the U.S. District for the Eastern District of New York (No. 1:23-cv-08944) Hunter v. Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc., et al). The complaint alleges violations of federal securities laws against the Company and certain of its current and former officers based on alleged material misstatements and omissions in the Company’s filings. The complaint seeks certification of a class action, unspecified damages, and attorneys fees. The putative class plaintiff intends to file an amended complaint after the court appoints lead plaintiff and lead counsel. The Company believes the claims are without merit and no loss has been accrued for this lawsuit as of March 31, 2024.

On August 12, 2019, a former employee of Virginia Community Bankshares, Inc. ("VCB") and participant in its Employee Stock Ownership Plan (the “VCB ESOP”) filed a class action complaint against VCB, its subsidiary, Virginia Community Bank, and certain individuals associated with the VCB ESOP in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Virginia, Charlottesville Division. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties to VCB ESOP participants in violation of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. The complaint alleges that the VCB ESOP incurred damages “that approach or exceed $12 million.” The Company automatically assumed any liability of VCB in connection with this litigation as a result of its 2019 acquisition of VCB.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with the plaintiff to resolve the VCB ESOP litigation (the "Settlement Agreement"). As provided in the Settlement Agreement, the plaintiff has agreed to release the Company, the Bank, and related parties from all claims related to acts or omissions associated with the VCB ESOP, once the court hearing the case has granted final approval of the Settlement Agreement. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Company has agreed to make a settlement payment of $6.0 million to a fund for the benefit of VCB ESOP participants, with $5.95 million due after final approval of the Settlement Agreement by the court. On February 22, 2024, the court granted preliminary approval of the Settlement Agreement and a final hearing is scheduled in early June 2024, at which it is expected that the court will grant final approval of the Settlement Agreement. If the court grants final approval of the Settlement Agreement, the ongoing lawsuit will be dismissed with prejudice, and all similar claims that were or could have been brought relating to the VCB ESOP will be released and barred.

29

The Company entered into the Settlement Agreement to eliminate the burden and expense of further litigation and to resolve the claims that were or could have been asserted related to the VCB ESOP. The Company accrued $6.0 million in the third quarter of 2023 in anticipation of this proposed settlement.

Note 13 – Subsequent Events

On April 3, 2024, the Company closed and funded the Private Placement for $150.0 million of gross proceeds; therefore, the Bank's capital and capital ratios as of March 31, 2024 do not reflect the effect of the Private Placement.

The following table presents the capital and capital ratios of the Bank on a pro forma basis as of March 31, 2024, assuming the Private Placement had closed, funded, and the Company had immediately contributed $100.0 million as tier 1 regulatory capital to the Bank on the same date. The pro forma capital ratios below exceed the minimum capital ratios set forth in the Consent Order. See also Note 7 - Minimum Regulatory Capital Requirements.

|  | March 31, 2024 |
|  | As Reported |  |  | Pro Forma (A) |  |  | Minimum Capital Ratios |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
Total risk based capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 268,988 |  |  |  | 10.51 | % |  | $ | 368,988 |  |  |  | 14.42 | % |  | $ | 332,722 |  |  |  | 13.00 | %
Tier 1 capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 237,584 |  |  |  | 9.28 | % |  | $ | 337,584 |  |  |  | 13.19 | % |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |
Common equity tier 1 capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 237,584 |  |  |  | 9.28 | % |  | $ | 337,584 |  |  |  | 13.19 | % |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |
Tier 1 leverage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To average assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 237,584 |  |  |  | 7.44 | % |  | $ | 337,584 |  |  |  | 10.57 | % |  | $ | 319,239 |  |  |  | 10.00 | %
(A) Assumes $100.0 million received by the Company from the Private Placement is contributed as tier 1 capital to the Bank as of the date presented. |

Subsequent to March 31, 2024, the Company received cash loan payments totaling $1.5 million from a specialty finance borrower. These cash payments were applied to the book principal balance of the loan, which was $29.8 million as of March 31, 2024.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis o f Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following presents management’s discussion and analysis of the Company’s consolidated financial condition and the results of the Company's operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as amended (the “2023 Form 10-K”). Results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the balance of 2024, or for any other period. As used in this report, the terms “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “Bank” refers to Blue Ridge Bank, National Association.

Cautionary Note About Forward-Looking Statements

The Company makes certain forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements represent plans, estimates, objectives, goals, guidelines, expectations, intentions, projections, and statements of management’s beliefs concerning future events, business plans, objectives, expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based. Forward-looking statements include without limitation, any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate, or imply future results, performance or achievements, and are typically identified with words such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “aim,” “intend,” “plan,” or words or phases of similar meaning. The Company cautions that the forward-looking statements are based largely on management’s expectations and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on factors which are, in many instances, beyond its control. Actual results, performance, or achievements could differ materially from those contemplated, expressed, or implied by the forward-looking statements.

The following factors, among others, could cause the Company’s financial performance to differ materially from that expressed in such forward-looking statements:

•
the strength of the United States economy in general and the strength of the local economies in which the Company conducts operations;
•
the effects of, and changes in, the macroeconomic environment and financial market conditions, including monetary and fiscal policies, interest rates and inflation;
•
the impact of, and the ability to comply with, the terms of the Consent Order with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC"), including the heightened capital requirements and other restrictions therein, and other regulatory directives;
•
the imposition of additional regulatory actions or restrictions for noncompliance with the Consent Order or otherwise;
•
the Company’s involvement in, and the outcome of, any litigation, legal proceedings, or enforcement actions that may be instituted against the Company;
•
reputational risk and potential adverse reactions of the Company’s customers, suppliers, employees, or other business partners;
•
the Company’s ability to manage its fintech operations, including implementing enhanced controls and procedures, complying with the Consent Order, other regulatory directives and applicable laws and regulations, maintaining the quality of loans associated with these relationships, and, in certain cases, winding down certain of these partnerships;
•
the quality and composition of the Company’s loan and investment portfolios, including changes in the level of the Company’s nonperforming assets and charge-offs;
•
the Company’s management of risks inherent in its loan portfolio, the credit quality of its borrowers, and the risk of a prolonged downturn in the real estate market, which could impair the value of the Company’s collateral and its ability to sell collateral upon any foreclosure;
•
the ability to maintain adequate liquidity by growing and retaining deposits and secondary funding sources, especially if the Company's or industry's reputation become damaged;

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•
the ability to maintain capital levels adequate to support the Company's business and to comply with the Consent Order and other regulatory directives placed upon the Bank;
•
the timely development of competitive new products and services and the acceptance of these products and services by new and existing customers;
•
changes in consumer spending and savings habits;
•
the willingness of users to substitute competitors’ products and services for the Company’s products and services;
•
the impact of unanticipated outflows of deposits;
•
changes in technological and social media;
•
potential exposure to fraud, negligence, computer theft, and cyber-crime;
•
adverse developments in the financial industry generally, such as recent bank failures, responsive measures to mitigate and manage such developments, related supervisory and regulatory actions and costs, and related impacts on customer and client behavior;
•
changing bank regulatory conditions, policies or programs, whether arising as new legislation or regulatory initiatives, that could lead to restrictions on activities of banks generally, or the Bank in particular, more restrictive regulatory capital requirements, increased costs, including deposit insurance premiums, regulation or prohibition of certain income producing activities or changes in the secondary market for loans and other products;
•
the impact of changes in financial services policies, laws, and regulations, including laws, regulations and policies concerning taxes, banking, securities, real estate and insurance, and the application thereof by regulatory bodies;
•
the effect of changes in accounting standards, policies and practices as may be adopted from time to time;
•
estimates of the fair value and other accounting values, subject to impairment assessments, of certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities;
•
geopolitical conditions, including acts or threats of terrorism and/or military conflicts, or actions taken by the United States or other governments in response to acts or threats of terrorism and/or military conflicts, which could impact business and economic conditions in the United States and abroad;
•
the occurrence or continuation of widespread health emergencies or pandemics, significant natural disasters, severe weather conditions, floods and other catastrophic events; and
•
other risks and factors identified in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors” sections and elsewhere in the 2023 Form 10-K and in this Form 10-Q and in filings the Company makes from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The foregoing factors should not be considered exhaustive and should be read together with other cautionary statements that are included in the 2023 Form 10-K including those discussed in the section entitled "Risk Factors." If one or more of the factors affecting forward-looking information and statements proves incorrect, then actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, forward-looking information and statements contained in this Form 10-Q. Therefore, the Company cautions not to place undue reliance on its forward-looking information and statements. The Company will not update the forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in the factors affecting the forward-looking statements. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Company to predict their occurrence or how these risks and uncertainties will affect it.

Regulatory Matters

On January 24, 2024, the Bank consented to the issuance of a consent order (the “Consent Order”) with the OCC. The Consent Order generally incorporates the provisions of the formal written agreement (the "Written Agreement") entered into between the Bank and the OCC on August 29, 2022, as well as adding new provisions. The Written Agreement principally concerned the Bank’s fintech operations and required the Bank to continue enhancing its controls for assessing and managing the third-party, Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering, and information technology

32

risks stemming from its fintech partnerships. The Consent Order adds time frames by which certain of the directives are required, requires the Bank to submit a strategic plan and a capital plan, and places further restrictions on the Company’s fintech operations. The Consent Order also requires the Bank to maintain a leverage ratio of 10.0% and a total capital ratio of 13.0%, referred to as minimum capital ratios. Complete copies of the Written Agreement and the Consent Order are included as Exhibits 10.14 and 10.15, respectively, to the 2023 Form 10-K.

Restatement

On October 31, 2023, the Company and the Audit Committee of its board of directors, after consultation with the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and the OCC, determined that certain specialty finance loans that, as previously disclosed, were placed on nonaccrual, reserved for, or charged off in the interim periods ended March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023 should have been reported as nonaccrual, reserved for, or charged off in earlier periods. On November 14, 2023, the Company filed amendments to its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the periods ended March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023 to restate the consolidated financial statements included therein.

The Company does not believe that the restatements reflect any significant financial impact on the Company's financial condition as of March 31, 2024, or any trends in the Company's business or its prospects. The consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q reflect the effects of the aforementioned restatement as of and for the period ended March 31, 2023.

Private Placement

On April 3, 2024, the Company closed and funded a private placement of securities pursuant to an amended and restated securities purchase agreement, dated April 3, 2024, with certain investors for gross proceeds of $150.0 million (the "Private Placement"). In the Private Placement, the Company issued and sold 3.4 million shares of common stock at a purchase price of $2.50 per common share, 14,150 shares of convertible Series B or Series C preferred stock at a purchase price of $10 thousand per preferred share, and 7,383 warrants to purchase convertible Series B or Series C preferred stock at an exercise price of $10 thousand per preferred share. Each share of convertible Series B and Series C preferred stock represents the equivalent of 4,000 shares of common stock. The Private Placement amends and replaces the previously announced private placement of the Company's common stock and warrants that was announced on December 22, 2023.

The Company will use the net proceeds from the Private Placement to reposition business lines, support organic growth, and enhance capital levels of the Bank.

General

There were no changes to the Critical Accounting Policies disclosed in Item 7 of the 2023 Form 10-K.

Certain amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements of prior periods have been reclassified to conform to current year presentations. The reclassifications had no effect on net income, net income per share, total assets, total liabilities, or stockholders’ equity as previously reported.

Comparison of Financial Condition as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023

Total assets were $3.08 billion as of March 31, 2024, a decrease of $41.4 million from $3.12 billion as of December 31, 2023. Most of this decrease was attributable to a lower loans held for investment balances, which decreased $36.9 million to $2.39 billion as of March 31, 2024 from $2.43 million as of December 31, 2023. The Company purposely reduced assets to fund the wind down of the Bank's fintech banking-as-a-service ("BaaS") operations. The allowance for credit losses ("ACL") decreased $868 thousand to $35.0 million as of March 31, 2024 from $35.9 million as of December 31, 2023.

Total deposits as of March 31, 2024 were $2.47 billion, a net decrease of $100.3 million from December 31, 2023. The decrease in the first three months of 2024 was primarily due to a decrease of $150.0 million of interest-bearing fintech deposits, partially offset by higher time deposit balances of $64.0 million. Total deposits related to fintech relationships decreased by $162.9 million to $303.0 million as of March 31, 2024 from $465.9 million as of December 31, 2023, and represented 12.3% and 18.2% of total deposits as of the same respective dates.

33

Total stockholders’ equity decreased by $5.1 million to $181.0 million as of March 31, 2024 compared to $186.0 million at December 31, 2023. The fair value of the Company’s portfolio of securities available for sale ("AFS") decreased in the first three months of 2024, primarily as a result of a modest increase in market longer-term interest rates, resulting in an after-tax decrease in stockholders’ equity of $2.6 million. The Company did not have any investment securities classified as held to maturity as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company reported a net loss of $2.9 million, or ($0.15) per diluted common share, compared to net income of $4.0 million, or $0.21 per diluted common share, for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024 included $2.3 million of after tax costs incurred for professional services related to regulatory remediation efforts in connection with the Consent Order, compared to $876 thousand of after tax costs incurred for the same period in 2023 in connection with the Written Agreement. Net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $20.3 million, a decline of $4.8 million from the same period in 2023, primarily due to higher funding costs, which increased 92 basis points.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income is the amount by which interest earned on interest-earning assets exceeds the interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities and is the Company’s primary revenue source. Net interest income is thereby affected by overall balance sheet size, changes in interest rates, and changes in the mix of investments, loans, deposits, and borrowings. The Company’s principal interest-earning assets are loans to businesses, real estate investors, and individuals, and its investment securities portfolio. Interest-bearing liabilities consist primarily of negotiable order of withdrawal and savings accounts, money market accounts, certificates of deposit, and Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”) advances. A common net interest income measure is net interest margin. Net interest margin represents the difference between interest income and interest expense calculated as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

34

The following table presents the average balance sheets for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Also shown are the amounts of interest earned on interest-earning assets, with related tax-equivalent yields, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, with related rates, as well as a volume and rate analysis of changes in net interest income for the periods stated.

|  | Average Balances, Income and Expense, Yields and Rates |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | For the three months ended March 31, |  |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | Total Increase/ |  |  | Increase/(Decrease) Due to |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Average Balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/ Rate (1) |  |  | Average Balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/ Rate (1) |  |  | (Decrease) |  |  | Volume (2) |  |  | Rate (2) |
Average Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable securities |  | $ | 337,839 |  |  | $ | 2,438 |  |  |  | 2.89 | % |  | $ | 374,956 |  |  | $ | 2,628 |  |  |  | 2.80 | % |  | $ | (190 | ) |  | $ | (260 | ) |  | $ | 70 |
Tax-exempt securities (3) |  |  | 12,621 |  |  |  | 77 |  |  |  | 2.44 | % |  |  | 20,726 |  |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | 2.25 | % |  |  | (39 | ) |  |  | (46 | ) |  |  | 6 |
Total securities |  |  | 350,460 |  |  |  | 2,515 |  |  |  | 2.87 | % |  |  | 395,682 |  |  |  | 2,744 |  |  |  | 2.77 | % |  |  | (229 | ) |  |  | (306 | ) |  |  | 76 |
Interest-earning deposits in other banks |  |  | 129,366 |  |  |  | 1,557 |  |  |  | 4.81 | % |  |  | 107,614 |  |  |  | 941 |  |  |  | 3.50 | % |  |  | 616 |  |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | 426 |
Federal funds sold |  |  | 9,668 |  |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | 5.38 | % |  |  | 8,890 |  |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | 4.45 | % |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 22 |
Loans held for sale |  |  | 57,646 |  |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | 2.12 | % |  |  | 40,024 |  |  |  | 282 |  |  |  | 2.82 | % |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 124 |  |  |  | (101 | )
Loans held for investment (4,5,6) |  |  | 2,419,351 |  |  |  | 38,041 |  |  |  | 6.29 | % |  |  | 2,508,324 |  |  |  | 36,849 |  |  |  | 5.88 | % |  |  | 1,192 |  |  |  | (1,307 | ) |  |  | 2,499 |
Total average interest-earning assets |  |  | 2,966,491 |  |  |  | 42,548 |  |  |  | 5.74 | % |  |  | 3,060,534 |  |  |  | 40,915 |  |  |  | 5.35 | % |  |  | 1,633 |  |  |  | (1,290 | ) |  |  | 2,922 |
Less: allowance for credit losses |  |  | (35,874 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (24,722 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total noninterest-earning assets |  |  | 234,315 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 234,297 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total average assets |  | $ | 3,164,932 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,270,109 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand, money market, and savings |  | $ | 1,112,060 |  |  | $ | 7,667 |  |  |  | 2.76 | % |  | $ | 1,287,839 |  |  | $ | 8,259 |  |  |  | 2.57 | % |  | $ | (592 | ) |  | $ | (1,127 | ) |  | $ | 535 |
Time (7) |  |  | 970,952 |  |  |  | 10,818 |  |  |  | 4.46 | % |  |  | 513,642 |  |  |  | 3,072 |  |  |  | 2.39 | % |  |  | 7,746 |  |  |  | 2,735 |  |  |  | 5,011 |
Total interest-bearing deposits |  |  | 2,083,012 |  |  |  | 18,485 |  |  |  | 3.55 | % |  |  | 1,801,481 |  |  |  | 11,331 |  |  |  | 2.52 | % |  |  | 7,154 |  |  |  | 1,608 |  |  |  | 5,546 |
FHLB borrowings |  |  | 223,824 |  |  |  | 2,369 |  |  |  | 4.23 | % |  |  | 328,223 |  |  |  | 3,810 |  |  |  | 4.64 | % |  |  | (1,441 | ) |  |  | (1,212 | ) |  |  | (229 | )
FRB borrowings |  |  | 65,000 |  |  |  | 768 |  |  |  | 4.73 | % |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 768 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Subordinated notes and other borrowings (8) |  |  | 39,847 |  |  |  | 560 |  |  |  | 5.62 | % |  |  | 39,935 |  |  |  | 555 |  |  |  | 5.56 | % |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 6 |
Total average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 2,411,683 |  |  |  | 22,182 |  |  |  | 3.68 | % |  |  | 2,169,643 |  |  |  | 15,696 |  |  |  | 2.89 | % |  |  | 6,486 |  |  |  | 395 |  |  |  | 5,323 |
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits |  |  | 515,486 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 808,425 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 53,862 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32,130 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  | 183,901 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 259,911 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total average liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 3,164,932 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,270,109 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income and margin (9) |  |  |  |  | $ | 20,366 |  |  |  | 2.75 | % |  |  |  |  | $ | 25,219 |  |  |  | 3.30 | % |  | $ | (4,853 | ) |  | $ | (1,684 | ) |  | $ | (2,401 | )
Cost of funds (10) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.03 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.11 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest spread (11) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.06 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.45 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(1) Annualized. |
(2) Change in income/expense due to both volume and rate has been allocated in proportion to the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each. |
(3) Computed on a fully taxable equivalent basis assuming a 21% income tax rate. |
(4) Includes deferred loan fees/costs. |
(5) Non-accrual loans have been included in the computations of average loan balances. |
(6) Includes accretion of fair value adjustments (discounts) on acquired loans of $329 thousand and $698 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. |
(7) Includes amortization of fair value adjustments (premiums) on assumed time deposits of $97 thousand and $284 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. |
(8) Includes amortization of fair value adjustments (premiums) on assumed subordinated notes of $25 thousand for both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. |
(9) Net interest margin is net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. |
(10) Cost of funds is total interest expense divided by total interest-bearing liabilities and non-interest bearing demand deposits. |
(11) Net interest spread is the yield on average interest-earning assets less the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities. |

Average interest-earning assets were $2.97 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $3.06 billion for the same period of 2023, a $94.0 million decrease. This decrease was primarily attributable to declines in average balances of loans held for investment and taxable securities, which decreased $89.0 million and $37.1 million, respectively, partially offset by higher average balances of interest-earning deposits in other banks and loans held for sale. Total interest income (on a taxable equivalent basis) increased $1.6 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 from the same period of 2023. This increase was primarily due to higher yields, including fee income, on loans held for investment and interest-earning deposits in other banks. Interest income on loans held for investment in the first quarter of 2024 included $671 thousand of interest received as a result of the payoff of a nonaccrual loan, which had an 11 and 9 basis point positive effect on the yield on loans held for investment and net interest margin, respectively. In addition, higher yields in the 2024 period were primarily attributable to the re-pricing of variable rate loans in the higher interest rate environment, partially offset by lower accretion of purchase accounting adjustments (discounts) on acquired loans. Interest income in the first quarters of 2024 and 2023 included accretion of discounts on acquired loans of $329 thousand and $698 thousand, respectively.

35

Average interest-bearing liabilities were $2.41 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $2.17 billion for the same period of 2023, a $242.0 million increase. Interest expense increased by $6.5 million to $22.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. Cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased to 3.68% for the first quarter of 2024 from 2.89% for the first quarter of 2023, while total cost of funds was 3.03% and 2.11% for the same respective periods. Higher cost of funds in the 2024 period was primarily due to higher rates on time deposits, particularly brokered time deposits the Company began issuing late in the first quarter of 2023 to increase liquidity in response to financial industry events. Interest expense in the first quarters of 2024 and 2023 included the amortization of fair value adjustments (premium) on assumed time deposits of $97 thousand and $284 thousand, respectively, which was a reduction to interest expense.

Net interest income (on a taxable equivalent basis) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $20.4 million compared to $25.2 million for the same period in 2023, an decrease of $4.9 million. Net interest margin was 2.75% and 3.30% for the first quarters of 2024 and 2023, respectively. Accretion and amortization of purchase accounting adjustments had a 6 and 13 basis point positive effect on net interest margin for the same respective periods.

Provision for Credit Losses. The Company recorded a recovery of credit losses of $1.0 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to a recovery of credit losses of $1.5 million in the first quarter of 2023. The recovery of credit losses in in the 2024 period was attributable to lower balances of unfunded loan commitments. The recovery of credit losses in the 2023 period was primarily attributable to the release of specific reserves on a collateral-dependent loan, due to cash payments applied to the recorded investment and a credit to provision for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments of $400 thousand.

Noninterest Income. The following table presents a summary of noninterest income and the dollar and percentage change for the periods presented.

|  | For the three months ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | March 31, 2023 |  |  | Change $ |  |  | Change % |
Fair value adjustments of other equity investments |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | (51 | ) |  | $ | 44 |  |  |  | (86.3 | %)
Residential mortgage banking income |  |  | 2,664 |  |  |  | 3,199 |  |  |  | (535 | ) |  |  | (16.7 | %)
Mortgage servicing rights |  |  | 729 |  |  |  | (1,896 | ) |  |  | 2,625 |  |  |  | (138.4 | %)
Gain on sale of guaranteed government loans |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | 2,409 |  |  |  | (2,299 | ) |  |  | (95.4 | %)
Wealth and trust management |  |  | 520 |  |  |  | 432 |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 20.4 | %
Service charges on deposit accounts |  |  | 398 |  |  |  | 343 |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 16.0 | %
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance |  |  | 337 |  |  |  | 282 |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 19.5 | %
Bank and purchase card, net |  |  | 242 |  |  |  | 340 |  |  |  | (98 | ) |  |  | (28.8 | %)
Other |  |  | 2,832 |  |  |  | 2,225 |  |  |  | 607 |  |  |  | 27.3 | %
Total noninterest income |  | $ | 7,825 |  |  | $ | 7,283 |  |  | $ | 542 |  |  |  | 7.4 | %

Noninterest income in the first quarter of 2024 increased slightly from the first quarter of 2023. Mortgage servicing right ("MSR") assets resulted in a positive fair value adjustment compared to a negative adjustment driven by higher market interest rates for the same period in 2023. Changes in the fair value of MSR assets are due primarily to future interest rate expectations. Offsetting this increase, were lower gains on sale of guaranteed government loans in the 2024 period compared to the 2023 period, attributable to lower volumes, which were $1.5 million and $30.6 million in the same respective periods.

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Noninterest Expense. The following tables present a summary of noninterest expense and the dollar and percentage change for the periods stated.

|  | For the three months ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | March 31, 2023 |  |  | Change $ |  |  | Change % |
Salaries and employee benefits |  | $ | 16,045 |  |  | $ | 15,289 |  |  | $ | 756 |  |  |  | 4.9 | %
Occupancy and equipment |  |  | 1,524 |  |  |  | 1,569 |  |  |  | (45 | ) |  |  | (2.9 | %)
Data processing |  |  | 1,106 |  |  |  | 1,346 |  |  |  | (240 | ) |  |  | (17.8 | %)
Legal and regulatory filings |  |  | 447 |  |  |  | 1,234 |  |  |  | (787 | ) |  |  | (63.8 | %)
Advertising and marketing |  |  | 297 |  |  |  | 286 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 3.8 | %
Communications |  |  | 1,173 |  |  |  | 1,131 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 3.7 | %
Audit and accounting fees |  |  | 1,155 |  |  |  | 146 |  |  |  | 1,009 |  |  |  | 691.1 | %
FDIC insurance |  |  | 1,377 |  |  |  | 729 |  |  |  | 648 |  |  |  | 88.9 | %
Intangible amortization |  |  | 287 |  |  |  | 355 |  |  |  | (68 | ) |  |  | (19.2 | %)
Other contractual services |  |  | 1,717 |  |  |  | 939 |  |  |  | 778 |  |  |  | 82.9 | %
Other taxes and assessments |  |  | 943 |  |  |  | 802 |  |  |  | 141 |  |  |  | 17.6 | %
Regulatory remediation |  |  | 2,644 |  |  |  | 1,134 |  |  |  | 1,510 |  |  |  | 133.2 | %
Other |  |  | 3,759 |  |  |  | 3,887 |  |  |  | (128 | ) |  |  | (3.3 | %)
Total noninterest expense |  | $ | 32,474 |  |  | $ | 28,847 |  |  | $ | 3,627 |  |  |  | 12.6 | %

Excluding regulatory remediation, noninterest expense increased $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. Higher noninterest expense for the 2024 period was primarily attributable to higher salaries and employee benefits expense, primarily headcount additions in the areas of risk and compliance to support fintech operations and leadership personnel, partially offset by lower headcount in the mortgage banking segment. Higher other contractual services expense in the 2024 period was primarily due to outsourced BSA/AML and other compliance services as the Bank has augmented its compliance staff primarily to support fintech operations. Higher audit and accounting fees in the 2024 period were primarily due to outsourced internal audits and assessments related to fintech operations. Higher Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance expense relative to the prior period was primarily due to balance sheet growth and other factors such as lower profitability and regulatory capital levels, which increase the insurance assessment rate. Partially offsetting these higher noninterest expenses were lower legal and regulatory filings fees as the 2023 period included legal costs associated with the Virginia Community Bankshares, Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Plan litigation.

Income Tax Expense. Income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $407 thousand compared to income tax expense of $1.2 million for the same period of 2023, resulting in an effective income tax rates of 12.3% and 22.8%, respectively. The lower effective income tax rate in the 2024 period was primarily attributable to tax-exempt income, primarily from bank owned life insurance and tax-exempt securities and loans, relative to income subject to statutory tax rates.

Analysis of Financial Condition

Loan Portfolio. The Company makes loans to commercial entities and to individuals. Loan terms vary as to interest rate, repayment, and collateral requirements based on the type of loan and the creditworthiness of the borrower. Credit risk tends to be geographically concentrated in that a majority of the loans are to borrowers located in the markets served by the Company. All loans are underwritten within specific lending policy guidelines that are designed to maximize the Company’s profitability within an acceptable level of business risk.

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The following table presents the Company’s loan portfolio by category of loan and the percentage of loans in each category to total loans as of the dates stated.

|  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  |  | Percent |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percent |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 489,972 |  |  |  | 20.5 | % |  | $ | 508,944 |  |  |  | 21.0 | %
Real estate – construction, commercial |  |  | 156,943 |  |  |  | 6.6 | % |  |  | 180,052 |  |  |  | 7.4 | %
Real estate – construction, residential |  |  | 62,947 |  |  |  | 2.6 | % |  |  | 75,832 |  |  |  | 3.1 | %
Real estate – commercial |  |  | 881,798 |  |  |  | 36.8 | % |  |  | 870,540 |  |  |  | 35.8 | %
Real estate – residential |  |  | 740,249 |  |  |  | 30.9 | % |  |  | 730,110 |  |  |  | 30.1 | %
Real estate – farmland |  |  | 5,673 |  |  |  | 0.2 | % |  |  | 5,470 |  |  |  | 0.2 | %
Consumer |  |  | 55,782 |  |  |  | 2.3 | % |  |  | 59,169 |  |  |  | 2.4 | %
Gross loans held for investment |  |  | 2,393,364 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 2,430,117 |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Less: deferred loan fees, net of costs |  |  | 725 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 830 |  |  |  |
Gross loans held for investment, net of deferred loans fees |  |  | 2,394,089 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,430,947 |  |  |  |
Less: allowance for credit losses |  |  | (35,025 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (35,983 | ) |  |  |
Net loans |  | $ | 2,359,064 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,394,964 |  |  |  |
Loans held for sale (not included in totals above) |  | $ | 34,902 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 46,337 |  |  |  |

The following table presents the remaining maturities, based on contractual maturity, by loan type and by rate type (variable or fixed), as of March 31, 2024.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Variable rate |  |  | Fixed rate |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Total Maturities |  |  | One Year or Less |  |  | Total |  |  | 1-5 years |  |  | 5-15 years |  |  | More than 15 years |  |  | Total |  |  | 1-5 years |  |  | 5-15 years |  |  | More than 15 years |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 489,972 |  |  | $ | 141,905 |  |  | $ | 195,812 |  |  | $ | 167,811 |  |  | $ | 26,775 |  |  | $ | 1,226 |  |  | $ | 152,255 |  |  | $ | 59,286 |  |  | $ | 74,468 |  |  | $ | 18,501 |
Real estate – construction, commercial |  |  | 156,943 |  |  |  | 30,544 |  |  |  | 100,199 |  |  |  | 36,136 |  |  |  | 15,344 |  |  |  | 48,719 |  |  |  | 26,200 |  |  |  | 23,526 |  |  |  | 1,078 |  |  |  | 1,596 |
Real estate – construction, residential |  |  | 62,947 |  |  |  | 21,438 |  |  |  | 12,196 |  |  |  | 10,973 |  |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 1,158 |  |  |  | 29,313 |  |  |  | 12,387 |  |  |  | 465 |  |  |  | 16,461 |
Real estate – commercial |  |  | 881,798 |  |  |  | 61,868 |  |  |  | 464,524 |  |  |  | 84,509 |  |  |  | 204,992 |  |  |  | 175,023 |  |  |  | 355,406 |  |  |  | 220,912 |  |  |  | 126,396 |  |  |  | 8,098 |
Real estate – residential |  |  | 740,249 |  |  |  | 18,775 |  |  |  | 422,419 |  |  |  | 12,225 |  |  |  | 78,722 |  |  |  | 331,472 |  |  |  | 299,055 |  |  |  | 42,559 |  |  |  | 37,218 |  |  |  | 219,278 |
Real estate – farmland |  |  | 5,673 |  |  |  | 810 |  |  |  | 1,909 |  |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | 248 |  |  |  | 1,566 |  |  |  | 2,954 |  |  |  | 1,883 |  |  |  | 354 |  |  |  | 717 |
Consumer loans |  |  | 55,782 |  |  |  | 2,452 |  |  |  | 7,947 |  |  |  | 7,848 |  |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 45,383 |  |  |  | 27,080 |  |  |  | 18,298 |  |  |  | 5 |
Gross loans |  | $ | 2,393,364 |  |  | $ | 277,792 |  |  | $ | 1,205,006 |  |  | $ | 319,597 |  |  | $ | 326,245 |  |  | $ | 559,164 |  |  | $ | 910,566 |  |  | $ | 387,633 |  |  | $ | 258,277 |  |  | $ | 264,656 |

Allowance for Credit Losses. Management makes estimates based on facts available at the time the ACL is determined. Such estimation requires significant judgment at the time made. Management believes that the Company’s ACL was adequate as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. There can be no assurance, however, that adjustments to the ACL will not be required in the future. Changes in the economic assumptions underlying management’s estimates and judgments; adverse developments in the economy, on a national basis or in the Company’s market area; and changes in the circumstances of particular borrowers are criteria, among others, that could increase the level of the ACL required, resulting in charges to the provision for credit losses for loans. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review the Bank's ACL and may, on occasion, require an increase in the ACL or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on their judgment of the facts at the time of their review that may differ than that of management.

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The following table presents an analysis of the change in the ACL by loan type as of and for the periods stated.

|  | As of and for the three months ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | March 31, 2023 |
Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period |  | $ | 35,893 |  |  | $ | 30,740 |
Impact of ASC 326 adoption |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,418 |
Charge-offs |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  | (1,957 | ) |  |  | (799 | )
Consumer |  |  | (745 | ) |  |  | (510 | )
Total charge-offs |  |  | (2,702 | ) |  |  | (1,309 | )
Recoveries |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  | 1,531 |  |  |  | 118 |
Consumer |  |  | 303 |  |  |  | 104 |
Total recoveries |  |  | 1,834 |  |  |  | 222 |
Net charge-offs |  |  | (868 | ) |  |  | (1,087 | )
Recovery of credit losses - loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,110 | )
Allowance for credit losses, end of period |  | $ | 35,025 |  |  | $ | 35,961 |
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during period: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  | 0.10 | % |  |  | 0.17 | %
Consumer |  |  | 0.22 | % |  |  | 0.19 | %
Total loans |  |  | 0.14 | % |  |  | 0.17 | %

The ACL includes specific reserves for individually evaluated loans and a general allowance applicable to all loan categories; however, management has allocated the ACL by loan type to provide an indication of the relative risk characteristics of the loan portfolio. The allocation is an estimate and should not be interpreted as an indication that charge-offs will occur in these amounts, or that the allocation indicates future trends, and does not restrict the usage of the allowance for any specific loan or category. The following presents the allocation of the ACL by loan category and the percentage of loans in each category to total loans as of the dates stated.

|  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | $ |  |  | % of Loans |  |  | $ |  |  | % of Loans |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 13,619 |  |  |  | 20.5 | % |  | $ | 13,787 |  |  |  | 21.0 | %
Real estate – construction, commercial |  |  | 3,596 |  |  |  | 6.6 | % |  |  | 4,024 |  |  |  | 7.4 | %
Real estate – construction, residential |  |  | 919 |  |  |  | 2.6 | % |  |  | 1,094 |  |  |  | 3.1 | %
Real estate – commercial |  |  | 9,832 |  |  |  | 36.8 | % |  |  | 9,929 |  |  |  | 35.8 | %
Real estate – residential |  |  | 6,338 |  |  |  | 30.9 | % |  |  | 6,286 |  |  |  | 30.1 | %
Real estate – farmland |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 0.2 | % |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 0.2 | %
Consumer |  |  | 703 |  |  |  | 2.3 | % |  |  | 758 |  |  |  | 2.4 | %
Total |  | $ | 35,025 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 35,893 |  |  |  | 100.0 | %

Nonperforming Assets. The following table presents a summary of nonperforming assets and various measures as of the dates stated.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Nonaccrual loans |  | $ | 50,874 |  |  | $ | 60,026 |
Loans past due 90 days and still accruing |  |  | 2,309 |  |  |  | 3,037 |
Total nonperforming loans |  | $ | 53,183 |  |  | $ | 63,063 |
Allowance for credit losses |  | $ | 35,025 |  |  | $ | 35,893 |
Loans held for investment |  | $ | 2,394,089 |  |  | $ | 2,430,947 |
Total assets |  | $ | 3,076,187 |  |  | $ | 3,117,554 |
ACL to total loans held for investment |  |  | 1.46 | % |  |  | 1.48 | %
ACL to nonaccrual loans |  |  | 68.85 | % |  |  | 59.80 | %
ACL to nonperforming loans |  |  | 65.86 | % |  |  | 56.92 | %
Nonaccrual loans to total loans held for investment |  |  | 2.12 | % |  |  | 2.47 | %
Nonperforming loans to total loans held for investment |  |  | 2.22 | % |  |  | 2.59 | %
Nonperforming loans to total assets |  |  | 1.73 | % |  |  | 2.02 | %

39

Nonperforming loans, which include nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest, decreased $9.9 million from December 31, 2023, to $53.2 million as of March 31, 2024. This decline was primarily attributable to payoffs of and cash payments applied to nonaccrual loans. Nonaccrual loans as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 included specialty finance loans with carrying values totaling $29.8 million and $34.2 million, respectively. Of the $34.2 million of these loans reported as of December 31, 2023, the Company received cash payments totaling $3.0 million in the first quarter of 2024 and an additional $1.5 million subsequent to March 31, 2024, pursuant to a forbearance agreement under which the largest of the specialty finance loans is subject. An additional specialty finance loan paid in full in the first quarter of 2024. The remaining purchase accounting adjustments (discounts) related to loans acquired by the Company were $4.9 million and $5.1 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Modified Loans. The Company did not grant any loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties during the first quarter of 2024. The total recorded investment of previously modified loans within the 12 months preceding March 31, 2024, was $35.0 million, or 1.5% of gross loans held for investment, of which $33.0 million were on nonaccrual status as of the same date.

Investment Securities. The investment portfolio is used as a source of interest income, credit risk diversification, and liquidity, as well as to provide collateral for borrowings. Securities in the investment portfolio classified as securities AFS may be sold in response to changes in market interest rates, changes in the security's prepayment risk, general liquidity needs, such as funding loans and deposits, and other similar factors, and are carried at estimated fair value. The fair value of the Company’s AFS investment securities portfolio was $314.4 million as of March 31, 2024, a slight decrease from $321.1 million at December 31, 2023, primarily due to the amortization of securities. As a result of elevated market interest rates, the Company’s portfolio of AFS securities had an unrealized loss of approximately $61.5 million as of March 31, 2024.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the majority of the investment securities portfolio consisted of securities rated as investment grade by a leading rating agency. Investment grade securities are judged to have a low risk of default. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, securities with a fair value of $213.2 million and $35.9 million, respectively, were pledged to secure the Bank’s borrowing facility with the FHLB. As of March 31, 2024, the Company pledged securities with $69.0 million of par value (amortized cost and fair value of $69.7 million and $56.1 million, respectively) as collateral for the Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”) established by the Federal Reserve.

The Company reviews its AFS investment securities portfolio for potential credit losses at least quarterly. AFS investment securities with unrealized losses are generally a result of pricing changes due to changes in the current interest rate environment and not as a result of permanent credit impairment. The Company does not intend to sell, nor does it believe that it will be required to sell, any of its temporarily impaired AFS securities prior to the recovery of the amortized cost. No ACL has been recognized for AFS securities as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Restricted equity investments consisted of stock in the FHLB (carrying basis $15.6 million and $12.3 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively), stock in the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond (the "FRB") (carrying value of $6.0 million and $5.9 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively), and stock in the Company’s correspondent bank (carrying value of $468 thousand at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023). Restricted equity investments are carried at cost. The Company holds various other equity investments, including an investment in a fintech company and other limited partnership investments, totaling $12.9 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which are carried at fair value with any gain or loss reported in the consolidated statements of operations each reporting period.

The following table presents the amortized cost of the investment portfolio by contractual maturities, as well as the weighted average yields for each of the maturity ranges as of and for the period stated. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

|  | March 31, 2024 |
|  | Within One Year |  |  | One to Five Years |  |  | Five to Ten Years |  |  | Over Ten Years |  |  |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Weighted Average Yield |  |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Weighted Average Yield |  |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Weighted Average Yield |  |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Weighted Average Yield |  |  | Total Amortized Cost |
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage backed securities |  | $ | 2,982 |  |  |  | 0.52 | % |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 21,601 |  |  |  | 3.97 | % |  | $ | 184,273 |  |  |  | 1.90 | % |  | $ | 208,856 |
U. S. Treasury and agencies |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35,199 |  |  |  | 1.14 | % |  |  | 37,153 |  |  |  | 2.09 | % |  |  | 7,280 |  |  |  | 2.25 | % |  |  | 79,633 |
State and municipal |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,125 |  |  |  | 2.86 | % |  |  | 33,497 |  |  |  | 1.95 | % |  |  | 11,891 |  |  |  | 2.66 | % |  |  | 50,513 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,300 |  |  |  | 7.50 | % |  |  | 30,095 |  |  |  | 4.37 | % |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 36,895 |
Total |  | $ | 2,983 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 46,624 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 122,346 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 203,944 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 375,897 |

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Deposits. The principal sources of funds for the Company are core deposits, which include transaction accounts (demand deposits and money market accounts), time deposits, and savings accounts, all of which provide the Bank a source of fee income and cross-marketing opportunities. Core deposits are generally a lower cost source of funding for the Bank and are preferred to brokered deposits. The Company's fintech partnerships have been a significant source of deposits and comprised approximately $303.0 million, or 12.3%, of the Company's deposits as of March 31, 2024, compared to approximately $465.9 million, or 18.2%, as of December 31, 2023. This $162.9 million decline was anticipated as part of a previously reported and closely managed fintech BaaS deposit wind down plan.

Brokered deposits comprising both time deposits and money market accounts totaled $514.1 million and $515.5 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company added brokered deposit balances throughout 2023 in anticipation of the substantial exit of its BaaS operations, to fund the decline in core deposits, and to enhance liquidity in light of financial industry events that began in March 2023. Brokered deposits represented approximately 20.8% and 20.1% of total deposits as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

As a result of the Consent Order, the Bank is prohibited from soliciting, accepting, renewing, or rolling over any brokered deposits, except in compliance with certain applicable restrictions under federal law, while subject to the Consent Order. In response and pursuant to 12 USC 1831f, 12 CFR 337.6(c) and 12 CFR 303.243(a), the Bank submitted to the FDIC an application for a waiver of the prohibition on the acceptance, renewal, or rollover of brokered deposits by an adequately capitalized insured depository institution.

Total deposits as of March 31, 2024 were $2.47 billion, a decrease of $100.3 million from December 31, 2023, of which $150.7 million was due to lower interest-bearing deposits, primarily due to the BaaS deposit wind down, partially offset by an increase in time deposits. Estimated uninsured deposits totaled approximately $553.8 million as of March 31, 2024, or 22.4% of total deposits, compared to $573.9 million, or 22.3% of total deposits, as of December 31, 2023. Excluding fintech-related deposits, estimated uninsured deposits were 19.0% and 18.2% of total deposits as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Approximately 20.1% of total deposits as of March 31, 2024 were composed of noninterest-bearing demand deposits compared to 19.7% as of December 31, 2023. In contrast, approximately 38.8% and 34.8% of total deposits as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, were composed of time deposits.

The following table presents maturities of time deposits for certificate of deposits of $250 thousand or greater as of the dates stated.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Maturing in: |  |  |  |  |  |
3 months or less |  | $ | 22,162 |  |  | $ | 30,547 |
Over 3 months through 6 months |  |  | 28,254 |  |  |  | 19,961 |
Over 6 months through 12 months |  |  | 44,837 |  |  |  | 36,254 |
Over 12 months |  |  | 18,106 |  |  |  | 9,500 |
Total |  | $ | 113,359 |  |  | $ | 96,262 |

Borrowings. The following tables present information on the balances and interest rates on borrowings as of and for the periods stated.

|  | As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Period-End Balance |  |  | Highest Month-End Balance |  |  | Average Balance |  |  | Weighted Average Rate |
FHLB borrowings |  | $ | 280,000 |  |  | $ | 280,000 |  |  | $ | 223,824 |  |  |  | 4.23 | %
FRB borrowings |  |  | 65,000 |  |  |  | 65,000 |  |  |  | 65,000 |  |  |  | 4.73 | %
|  | As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Period-End Balance |  |  | Highest Month-End Balance |  |  | Average Balance |  |  | Weighted Average Rate |
FHLB borrowings |  | $ | 239,100 |  |  | $ | 310,800 |  |  | $ | 328,223 |  |  |  | 4.64 | %
FRB borrowings |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 0.40 | %

FHLB advances are secured by collateral consisting of a blanket lien on qualifying loans in the Company’s residential, multi-family, and commercial real estate mortgage loan portfolios, as well as selected investment securities.

41

FRB advances through the Discount Window are secured by qualifying pledged commercial and industrial loans.

Subordinated notes, net, totaled $39.8 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The effective interest rate on the subordinated notes for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was 5.62% and 5.56%, respectively. The Company's subordinated notes are comprised of an issuance in October 2019 maturing October 15, 2029 (the “2029 Notes”) and an issuance in May 2020 maturing June 1, 2030 (the “2030 Note”). The fixed rates on these subordinated notes transition to variable rates based on the Secured Overnight Funding Rate ("SOFR") roughly five years from issued date. On October 15, 2024, the rate on the 2029 Notes will reset quarterly to the current three-month SOFR interest rate plus 433.5 basis points. On June 1, 2025, the rate on the 2030 Note will reset quarterly to the current three-month SOFR interest rate plus 587 basis points.

Liquidity. Liquidity is essential to the Company’s business. The Company’s liquidity could be impaired by unforeseen outflows of cash, including deposits, or the inability to access the capital and/or wholesale funding markets. This situation may arise due to circumstances that the Company may be unable to control, such as general market disruption, negative views about the Company or the financial services industry generally, or an operational problem that affects the Company or a third party. The Company’s ability to borrow from other financial institutions on favorable terms or at all could be adversely affected by disruptions in the markets in which they operate or other events.

The Company has established a formal liquidity contingency plan that provides guidelines for liquidity management. Pursuant to the Company’s liquidity management program, it forecasts liquidity based on anticipated changes in the balance sheet. In this forecast, the Company expects to maintain a liquidity cushion. Management then stress tests the Company’s liquidity position under several different stress scenarios, from moderate to severe. Guidelines for the forecasted liquidity cushion and for liquidity cushions for each stress scenario have been established. Management also monitors the Company’s liquidity position through daily cash monitoring and cash flow forecasting and believes its sources of liquidity are adequate to conduct the business of the Company.

Deposits are the primary source of the Company’s liquidity. Cash flow from amortizing assets or maturing assets also provides funding to meet the liquidity needs of the Company. Deposit sources are from the Bank’s core customers and from brokered deposit markets. These markets are accessed through brokers or through the IntraFi Network (“IntraFi”), of which the Bank is a member. IntraFi facilitates the Bank attaining brokered deposits via an on-line marketplace. The Bank utilizes IntraFi's reciprocal deposit services to offer its high-value customers access to FDIC insurance through IntraFi's network of banks. Partly through the use of the IntraFi reciprocal deposit program, the Company has reduced uninsured deposits to $553.8 million and $573.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

As a result of the Consent Order, subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Bank is prohibited from soliciting, accepting, renewing, or rolling over any brokered deposits, except in compliance with certain applicable restrictions under federal law, while subject to the Consent Order. In response and pursuant to 12 USC 1831f, 12 CFR 337.6(c) and 12 CFR 303.243(a), the Bank submitted to the FDIC an application for a waiver of the prohibition on the acceptance, renewal, or rollover of brokered deposits by an adequately capitalized insured depository institution.

The Company has access to secured funding sources, including a secured line of credit with the FHLB under which the Company can borrow up to the allowable amount for the collateral pledged. The Bank's line of credit with the FHLB was $656.5 million as of March 31, 2024, with available credit of $265.4 million as of the same date. Outstanding advances totaled $280.0 million as of March 31, 2024. Additionally, letters of credit issued primarily for the purpose of collateral for public deposits with the Treasury Board of the Commonwealth of Virginia reduce the available credit balance, which totaled $110.0 million as of March 31, 2024.

The Company also has access to advances from the FRB through its Discount Window. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had secured borrowing capacity through the FRB Discount Window of $101.8 million, of which there were no outstanding advances.

The Bank had an unsecured federal fund line available with a correspondent bank for overnight borrowing totaling $10.0 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. This line bears interest at the prevailing rates for such a loan and is cancelable any time by the correspondent bank. As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, this line of credit was undrawn.

Managing the Company's liquidity position through the substantial exit of the BaaS operations will require significant liquidity oversight. The Company's closely managed BaaS wind down plan is an element of its liquidity management. Management intends to utilize proceeds from the Private Placement, the contraction of the Company’s

42

balance sheet, particularly loans, secured funding facilities, as well as core deposit growth to meet its liquidity requirements.

Capital. Capital adequacy is an important measure of financial stability and performance. The Company’s objectives are to maintain a level of capitalization that is sufficient support the Company's strategic objectives.

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, financial institutions must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. A financial institution's capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Pursuant to the Basel III rules, banks must hold a capital conservation buffer of 2.50% above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios for all ratios, except the Tier 1 Leverage ratio. If a banking organization dips into its capital conservation buffer, it is subject to limitations on certain activities, including payment of dividends, share repurchases, and discretionary compensation to certain officers. Additionally, regulators may place certain restrictions on dividends paid by banks. The total amount of dividends which may be paid at any date is generally limited to retained earnings of banks.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized; although, these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required.

On January 24, 2024, the Bank consented to the issuance of the Consent Order, which requires the Bank to achieve and maintain minimum capital requirements, which are higher than those required for capital adequacy purposes. Specifically, the Bank is required to maintain a leverage ratio of 10.00% and a total capital ratio of 13.00%. As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Bank did not meet these capital ratios. Until such levels are met and the Consent Order has been lifted, the Bank is deemed to be less than well capitalized, thus adequately capitalized.

Because the Bank may not be deemed to be “well capitalized” while subject to the Consent Order, it could be required to pay higher insurance premiums to the FDIC, to obtain approval prior to acquiring branches or opening new lines of business, and be subject to increased regulatory scrutiny such as limitations on asset growth.

As previously noted, the Company adopted CECL effective January 1, 2023. Federal and state banking regulations allow financial institutions to irrevocably elect to phase-in the after-tax cumulative effect adjustment at adoption to retained earnings ("CECL Transitional Amount") over a three-year period. The three-year phase-in of the CECL Transitional Amount to regulatory capital is 25%, 50%, and 25% in 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively. The Bank made this irrevocable election effective with its first quarter 2023 call report.

The following tables present the capital ratios to which banks are subject to be adequately and well capitalized, as well as capital for the Bank to meet these capital ratio levels, as of the dates stated. Adequately capitalized ratios include the conversation buffer, if applicable. Also presented are the minimum capital ratios set forth in the Consent Order for the Bank, with the corresponding capital amounts for both the leverage ratio and the total capital ratio as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The CECL Transitional Amount was $8.1 million, of which $4.1 million and

43

$2.0 million reduced the regulatory capital amounts and capital ratios as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

|  | March 31, 2024 |
|  | Actual |  |  | For Capital Adequacy Purposes |  |  | To Be Well Capitalized |  |  | Minumum Capital Ratios |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
Total risk based capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 268,846 |  |  |  | 10.51 | % |  | $ | 268,590 |  |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ | 255,800 |  |  |  | 10.00 | % |  | $ | 332,540 |  |  |  | 13.00 | %
Tier 1 capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 237,584 |  |  |  | 9.28 | % |  | $ | 217,615 |  |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | $ | 204,814 |  |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |
Common equity tier 1 capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 237,584 |  |  |  | 9.28 | % |  | $ | 179,212 |  |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | $ | 166,411 |  |  |  | 6.50 | % |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |
Tier 1 leverage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To average assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 237,584 |  |  |  | 7.44 | % |  | $ | 127,733 |  |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 159,667 |  |  |  | 5.00 | % |  | $ | 319,333 |  |  |  | 10.00 | %

|  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | Actual |  |  | For Capital Adequacy Purposes |  |  | To Be Well Capitalized |  |  | Minumum Capital Ratios |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
Total risk based capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 270,293 |  |  |  | 10.25 | % |  | $ | 276,842 |  |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ | 263,659 |  |  |  | 10.00 | % |  | $ | 342,757 |  |  |  | 13.00 | %
Tier 1 capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 239,775 |  |  |  | 9.09 | % |  | $ | 224,111 |  |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | $ | 210,928 |  |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |
Common equity tier 1 capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 239,775 |  |  |  | 9.09 | % |  | $ | 184,562 |  |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | $ | 171,379 |  |  |  | 6.50 | % |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |
Tier 1 leverage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To average assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 239,775 |  |  |  | 7.49 | % |  | $ | 128,001 |  |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 160,001 |  |  |  | 5.00 | % |  | $ | 320,003 |  |  |  | 10.00 | %

On April 3, 2024, the Company closed and funded the Private Placement for $150.0 million of gross proceeds; therefore, the Bank's capital and capital ratios as of March 31, 2024 do not reflect the effect of the Private Placement.

The following table presents the capital and capital ratios of the Bank on a pro forma basis as of March 31, 2024, assuming the Private Placement had closed, funded, and the Company had immediately contributed $100.0 million as tier 1 regulatory capital to the Bank on the same date. The pro forma capital ratios below exceed the those set forth in the Consent Order.

44

|  | March 31, 2024 |
|  | As Reported |  |  | Pro Forma (A) |  |  | Minimum Capital Ratios |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
Total risk based capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 268,988 |  |  |  | 10.51 | % |  | $ | 368,988 |  |  |  | 14.42 | % |  | $ | 332,722 |  |  |  | 13.00 | %
Tier 1 capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 237,584 |  |  |  | 9.28 | % |  | $ | 337,584 |  |  |  | 13.19 | % |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |
Common equity tier 1 capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 237,584 |  |  |  | 9.28 | % |  | $ | 337,584 |  |  |  | 13.19 | % |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |
Tier 1 leverage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(To average assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Blue Ridge Bank, N.A. |  | $ | 237,584 |  |  |  | 7.44 | % |  | $ | 337,584 |  |  |  | 10.57 | % |  | $ | 319,239 |  |  |  | 10.00 | %
(A) Assumes $100.0 million received by the Company from the Private Placement is contributed as tier 1 capital to the Bank as of the date presented. |

Off-Balance Sheet Activities

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract and involve the same credit risk and evaluation as making a loan to a customer. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis, in a manner similar to that if underwriting a loan. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding loan commitments of $408.5 million and $480.8 million, respectively. Of these amounts, $110.4 million and $113.5 million were unconditionally cancelable at the sole discretion of the Company as of the same respective dates.

Conditional commitments are issued by the Company in the form of financial stand-by letters of credit, which guarantee payment to the underlying beneficiary (i.e., third party) if the customer fails to meet its designated financial obligation. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, commitments under outstanding financial stand-by letters of credit totaled $11.6 million and $12.6 million, respectively. The credit risk of issuing stand-by letters of credit can be greater than the risk involved in extending loans to customers.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a recovery of provision for credit losses for unfunded commitments of $1.0 million and $400 thousand, respectively, primarily due to lower balances of unfunded loan commitments. As of March 31, 2024, the reserve for unfunded commitments was $2.1 million compared to $3.1 million as of December 31, 2023.

The Company invests in various partnerships, limited liability companies, and small business investment company funds. Pursuant to these investments, the Company commits to an investment amount that may be fulfilled in future periods. At March 31, 2024, the Company had future commitments outstanding totaling $13.4 million related to these investments.

Interest Rate Risk Management

As a financial institution, the Company is exposed to various business risks, including interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings and value arising from volatility in market interest rates. Interest rate risk arises from timing differences in the repricing and maturities of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, changes in the expected maturities of assets and liabilities arising from embedded options, such as borrowers' ability to prepay loans and depositors' ability to redeem certificates of deposit before maturity, changes in the shape of the yield curve where interest rates increase or decrease in a nonparallel fashion, and changes in spread relationships between different yield curves, such as U.S. Treasuries and other market-based index rates. The Company’s goal is to maximize net interest income without incurring excessive interest rate risk. Management of net interest income and interest rate risk must be consistent with the level of capital and liquidity that the Bank maintains. The Company manages interest rate risk

45

through an asset and liability committee (the “ALCO”) comprised of members of management. The ALCO is responsible for monitoring the Company’s interest rate risk in conjunction with liquidity and capital management.

The Company employs an independent consulting firm to model its interest rate sensitivity that uses a net interest income simulation model as its primary tool to measure interest rate sensitivity. Assumptions for modeling are developed based on expected activity in the balance sheet. For maturing assets, assumptions are created for the redeployment of these assets. For maturing liabilities, assumptions are developed for the replacement of these funding sources. Assumptions are also developed for assets and liabilities that could reprice during the modeled time period. These assumptions also cover how management expects rates to change on non-maturity deposits such as interest checking, money market checking, savings accounts, as well as certificates of deposit. Based on inputs that include the current balance sheet, the current level of interest rates, and the developed assumptions, the model produces an expected level of net interest income assuming that market rates remain unchanged. This is considered the base case. The model then simulates what net interest income would be based on specific changes in interest rates. The rate simulations are performed for a two-year period and include rapid rate changes of down 100 basis points to 400 basis points and up 100 basis points to 400 basis points. The results of these simulations are then compared to the base case.

The following table presents the estimated change in net interest income under various rate change scenarios. The scenarios assume rate changes occur instantaneous and in a parallel manner, which means the changes are the same on all points of the rate curve.

|  | March 31, 2024 |
|  | Instantaneous Parallel Rate Shock Scenario |
|  | Change in Net Interest Income - Year 1 |  |  | Change in Net Interest Income - Year 2 |
Change in interest rates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
+400 basis points |  | $ | (10,998 | ) |  |  | (13.1 | %) |  | $ | (8,624 | ) |  |  | (9.3 | %)
+300 basis points |  |  | (7,320 | ) |  |  | (8.7 | %) |  |  | (5,507 | ) |  |  | (5.9 | %)
+200 basis points |  |  | (4,172 | ) |  |  | (5.0 | %) |  |  | (2,816 | ) |  |  | (3.0 | %)
+100 basis points |  |  | (1,693 | ) |  |  | (2.0 | %) |  |  | (877 | ) |  |  | (0.9 | %)
Base case |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
-100 basis points |  |  | 383 |  |  |  | 0.5 | % |  |  | (584 | ) |  |  | (0.6 | %)
-200 basis points |  |  | 380 |  |  |  | 0.5 | % |  |  | (2,296 | ) |  |  | (2.5 | %)
-300 basis points |  |  | (90 | ) |  |  | (0.1 | %) |  |  | (5,338 | ) |  |  | (5.7 | %)
-400 basis points |  |  | (327 | ) |  |  | (0.4 | %) |  |  | (7,882 | ) |  |  | (8.5 | %)

The severity of the effect of instantaneous increases in interest rates as shown above is due to the timing of pricing change in the Company's interest-bearing liabilities compared to its interest-earning assets. A significant portion of the Company's deposits through its fintech partnerships reprice with changes in federal funds rates by contractual agreement. Therefore, an instantaneous change in this index rate results in a relative change in deposit costs for this portion of deposits.

Stress testing the balance sheet and net interest income using instantaneous parallel rate shock movements in the yield curve is a regulatory and banking industry practice. However, these stress tests may not represent a realistic forecast of future interest rate movements in the yield curve. In addition, instantaneous parallel rate shock modeling is not a predictor of actual future performance of earnings. It is a financial metric used to manage interest rate risk and track the movement of the Company’s interest rate risk position over a historical time frame for comparison purposes.

The asset and liability repricing characteristics of the Company’s assets and liabilities will have a significant impact on its future interest rate risk profile.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitati ve Disclosures about Market Risk

This information is incorporated herein by reference to the information in section "Interest Rate Risk Management" within Part I, Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Form 10-Q.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods required by the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2024 was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on and as of the date of such evaluation, the aforementioned officers concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

The Company’s management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s last fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of operations, the Company is party to legal proceedings. Based upon information currently available, management believes that such legal proceedings, in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

For information regarding legal proceedings in which the Company is involved, please see Note 12 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Ri sk Factors

Except as described below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the 2023 Form 10-K. Additional risks not presently known to the Company, or that are currently deem immaterial, may also adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, or results of operations. See also “Cautionary Note About Forward-Looking Statements,” included in Part 1, Item 2, of this Form 10-Q.

Liquidity and Capital

Future issuances of the Company’s common stock or other securities, including upon the exercise of warrants issued by the Company, could adversely affect the market price of the Company's common stock and could be dilutive.

On April 3, 2024, the Company completed the Private Placement for gross proceeds of $150.0 million through the issuance and sale of (i) 3.4 million shares (the “Common Shares”) of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $2.50 per Common Share, (ii) 11,418 shares (the “Series B Shares”) of the Company’s Mandatorily Convertible Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), at a purchase price of $10 thousand per Series B Share, (iii) 2,732 shares (the “Series C Shares” and together with the Series B Shares, the “Preferred Shares”) of the Company’s Mandatorily Convertible Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C (the “Series C Preferred Stock” and together with the Series B Preferred Stock, the “Preferred Stock”), at a purchase price of $10 thousand per Series C Share, and (iv) warrants to purchase 5,942 shares of Series B Preferred Stock and 1,441 shares of Series C Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $10 thousand per share (the “Warrants”).

Pending approval by the holders of the Company's common stock and subject to certain ownership limitations, the Preferred Stock is convertible or exchangeable into shares of common stock at the initial conversion rate of 4,000 shares of common stock for each share of Preferred Stock (the “Conversion”). Accordingly, as of April 3, 2024, the Preferred Shares would be convertible or exchangeable into 56.6 million shares of common stock and the Warrants would be exercisable into 29.5 million shares of common stock, assuming common shareholders approve the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock upon the conversion, exchange, and exercise of the Preferred Stock and Warrants (the “Conversion Proposal”), as well as an amendment to the Company's articles of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 50.0 million to 150.0 million (the “Articles Amendment Proposal” and together with the Conversion Proposal, the “Proposals”). The issuance of such shares of common stock upon the Conversion and upon exercise of the Warrants will result in substantial dilution to holders of common stock and a significant reduction in the percentage interests of the existing common shareholders in the voting power and in the future earnings per share of their common stock. The resale of the additional shares of the Company’s common stock could also cause the market price of the Company’s common stock to decline.

In addition, the Company’s board of directors, without the approval of shareholders, could from time to time decide to issue additional shares of common stock or shares of preferred stock, which may adversely affect the market price of the shares of common stock and could be substantially dilutive to holders of the Company’s common stock. Any sale of additional shares of the Company’s common stock may be at prices lower than the current market value of the Company’s common stock. In addition, new investors may have rights, preferences, and privileges that are senior to, and that could adversely affect, the Company’s existing shareholders. For example, preferred stock would be senior to common stock in right of dividends and as to distributions in liquidation. The Company’s shareholders bear the risk of future securities offerings diluting their stock holdings, adversely affecting their rights as shareholders, and/or reducing the market price of the Company’s common stock.

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The Company's Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock have rights, preferences, and privileges that are not held by, and are preferential to, the rights, preferences, and privileges of common stock, which could adversely affect the Company's liquidity and financial condition.

The Preferred Stock has certain rights, preferences, and privileges compared to the rights, preferences, and privileges of common stock. For example, holders of shares of Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends at the rate of 15.0% per share per annum, payable semi-annually, commencing October 15, 2024. Such dividends may be paid, at the Company’s option, in cash or in kind through the issuance of additional shares of Preferred Stock. To the extent that such dividends are not paid semi-annually, then such unpaid dividends will accrue and compound until paid. Whenever dividends payable on the Preferred Stock have not been paid for an aggregate of three or more six-month dividend periods, in each case whether or not consecutive, the Company has agreed to increase the authorized number of directors on the Company’s board of directors by two, and the holders of the Preferred Stock shall have the right to elect directors to such newly created directorships until all accrued and unpaid dividends have been declared and paid in full. Prior to the Conversion, no dividend or distribution may be declared or paid upon any shares of the Company’s common stock.

Additionally, the Preferred Stock is senior to the Company’s common stock, such that in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company’s affairs, each holder of shares of Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive for each share of Preferred Stock, out of the assets of the Company or proceeds thereof available for distribution to shareholders of the Company, before any distribution of such assets or proceeds is made to the holders of shares of the Company’s common stock, payment in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the liquidation amount (which is initially $10 thousand per share of Preferred Stock) and (ii) any declared and unpaid dividends on such share of Preferred Stock (collectively, the “Liquidation Preference”). In the case of a merger, sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets or certain other reorganization events, each holder of Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive for each share of Preferred Stock, out of the assets of the Company or proceeds thereof (whether capital or surplus), legally available for distribution to the shareholders of the Company, a preference distribution equal to two times the amount of the Liquidation Preference.

The Company’s obligations to the holders of Preferred Stock could limit its ability to obtain additional financing, which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition. Additionally, the preferential rights of the Preferred Stock could also result in divergent interests between the holders of the Company’s common stock and the holders of Preferred Stock.

The Preferred Stock has conversion rights which could result in greater dilution to holders of the Company's common stock if shareholder approval of the Proposals is not obtained in a timely manner.

Pending approval by the holders of the Company's common stock and subject to certain ownership limitations, the shares of Preferred Stock are convertible or exchangeable into shares of the Company’s common stock at the initial conversion rate of 4,000 shares of the Company’s common stock per share of Preferred Stock, which conversion rate is based on an initial conversion price of $2.50 per share of the Company’s common stock (the “Conversion Rate”). The Conversion Rate is subject to certain adjustments, including that the Conversion Rate will be decreased by 10.0% effective as of July 8, 2024, and such adjusted Conversion Rate will be decreased by 10.0% for each successive 95-calendar-day period thereafter, in each case, until the earlier of (i) April 15, 2025 and (ii) the date by which the Proposals have been approved by the Company’s shareholders and the certificate of amendment relating to the Articles Amendment Proposal has been issued by the Virginia State Corporation Commission. The effect of such reduction in the Conversion Rate is that a greater number of shares of common stock will be issued upon conversion, exchange, and exercise of the shares of Preferred Stock and Warrants, resulting in greater dilution to the holders of common stock.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equi ty Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

Item 3. Defaults Upo n Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Saf ety Disclosures

None

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Item 5. Other Information

During the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024, none of the Company’s directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).

Item 6. E xhibits

3.1 |  | Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc. creating the Mandatorily Convertible Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 5, 2024).
3.2 |  | Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc. creating the Mandatorily Convertible Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 5, 2024).
31.1 |  | Rule 13(a)-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31.2 |  | Rule 13(a)-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
32.1 |  | Statement of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101 |  | The following materials from Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), include: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) related notes (filed herewith).
104 |  | The cover page from Blue Ridge Bankshares, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL (included with Exhibit 101).

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SIGNAT URES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | BLUE RIDGE BANKSHARES, INC.
Date: May 8, 2024 |  |  |  | By: |  | /s/ G. William Beale
|  |  |  |  |  | G. William Beale
|  |  |  |  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
|  |  |  | By: |  | /s/ Judy C. Gavant
|  |  |  |  |  | Judy C. Gavant
|  |  |  |  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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