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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 9 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2012
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Star Gas Partners, L.P. and its subsidiaries. All material inter-company items and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The financial information included herein is unaudited; however, such information reflects all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments), which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair statement of financial condition and results for the interim periods. Due to the seasonal nature of the Partnership’s business, the results of operations and cash flows for the nine month period ended June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. These interim financial statements of the Partnership have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in the Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2011.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Sales of heating oil and other fuels are recognized at the time of delivery of the product to the customer and sales of heating and air conditioning equipment are recognized at the time of installation. Revenue from repairs and maintenance service is recognized upon completion of the service. Payments received from customers for equipment service contracts are deferred and amortized into income over the terms of the respective service contracts, on a straight-line basis, which generally do not exceed one year. To the extent that the Partnership anticipates that future costs for fulfilling its contractual obligations under its service maintenance contracts will exceed the amount of deferred revenue currently attributable to these contracts, the Partnership recognizes a loss in current period earnings equal to the amount that anticipated future costs exceed related deferred revenues.
Cost of Product | Cost of Product Cost of product includes the cost of heating oil, diesel, propane, kerosene, heavy oil, gasoline, throughput costs, barging costs, option costs, and realized gains/losses on closed derivative positions for product sales.
Cost of Installations and Service | Cost of Installations and Service Cost of installations and service includes equipment and material costs, wages and benefits for equipment technicians, dispatchers and other support personnel, subcontractor expenses, commissions and vehicle related costs.
Delivery and Branch Expenses | Delivery and Branch Expenses Delivery and branch expenses include wages and benefits and department related costs for drivers, dispatchers, garage mechanics, customer service, sales and marketing, compliance, credit and branch accounting, information technology, insurance, weather hedge contract recoveries, and operational support.
General and Administrative Expenses | General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses include wages and benefits and department related costs for human resources, finance and partnership accounting, administrative support and supply.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The allowance for doubtful accounts, which includes the allowance for long-term receivables, is the Partnership’s best estimate of the amount of trade receivables that may not be collectible. The allowance is determined at an aggregate level by grouping accounts based on the type of account and its receivable aging. The allowance is based on both quantitative and qualitative factors, including historical loss experience, historical collection patterns, overdue status, aging trends, and current economic conditions. The Partnership has an established process to periodically review current and past due trade receivable balances to determine the adequacy of the allowance. No single statistic or measurement determines the adequacy of the allowance. The total allowance reflects management’s estimate of losses inherent in its trade receivables at the balance sheet date. Different assumptions or changes in economic conditions could result in material changes to the allowance for doubtful accounts.
Allocation of Net Income (Loss) | Allocation of Net Income (Loss) Net income for partners’ capital and statement of operations is allocated to the general partner and the limited partners in accordance with their respective ownership percentages, after giving effect to cash distributions paid to the general partner in excess of its ownership interest, if any.
Net Income (Loss) per Limited Partner Unit | Net Income (Loss) per Limited Partner Unit Income per limited partner unit is computed in accordance with FASB ASC 260-10-05 Earnings Per Share, Master Limited Partnerships (EITF 03-06), by dividing the limited partners’ interest in net income by the weighted average number of limited partner units outstanding. The pro forma nature of the allocation required by this standard provides that in any accounting period where the Partnership’s aggregate net income exceeds its aggregate distribution for such period, the Partnership is required to present net income per limited partner unit as if all of the earnings for the periods were distributed, regardless of whether those earnings would actually be distributed during a particular period from an economic or practical perspective. This allocation does not impact the Partnership’s overall net income or other financial results. However, for periods in which the Partnership’s aggregate net income exceeds its aggregate distributions for such period, it will have the impact of reducing the earnings per limited partner unit, as the calculation according to this standard results in a theoretical increased allocation of undistributed earnings to the general partner. In accounting periods where aggregate net income does not exceed aggregate distributions for such period, this standard does not have any impact on the Partnership’s net income per limited partner unit calculation. A separate and independent calculation for each quarter and year-to-date period is performed, in which the Partnership’s contractual participation rights are taken into account. The following presents the net income allocation and per unit data using this method for the periods presented:
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Limited Partner: |  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
(in thousands, except per unit data) |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (11,789 | ) |  | $ | (18,197 | ) |  | $ | 31,624 |  |  | $ | 51,042 |
Less General Partners’ interest in net income (loss) |  |  | (62 | ) |  |  | (88 | ) |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | 247 |
Net income (loss) available to limited partners |  |  | (11,727 | ) |  |  | (18,109 | ) |  |  | 31,458 |  |  |  | 50,795 |
Less dilutive impact of theoretical distribution of earnings under FASB ASC 260-10-45-60 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,141 |  |  |  | 6,702 |
Limited Partner’s interest in net income (loss) under FASB ASC 260-10-45-60 |  | $ | (11,727 | ) |  | $ | (18,109 | ) |  | $ | 28,317 |  |  | $ | 44,093 |
Per unit data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted net income (loss) available to limited partners |  | $ | (0.19 | ) |  | $ | (0.27 | ) |  | $ | 0.51 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |
Less dilutive impact of theoretical distribution of earnings under FASB ASC 260-10-45-60 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.05 |  |  |  | 0.10 |
Limited Partner’s interest in net income (loss) under FASB ASC 260-10-45-60 |  | $ | (0.19 | ) |  | $ | (0.27 | ) |  | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.66 |
Weighted average number of Limited Partner units outstanding |  |  | 61,024 |  |  |  | 67,078 |  |  |  | 62,236 |  |  |  | 67,078 |
Cash Equivalents, Accounts Receivable, Revolving Credit Facility Borrowings, and Accounts Payable | Cash Equivalents, Accounts Receivable, Revolving Credit Facility Borrowings, and Accounts Payable The carrying amount of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, revolving credit facility borrowings, and accounts payable approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.
Cash Equivalents | Cash Equivalents The Partnership considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents.
Inventories | Inventories The Partnership’s inventory of heating oil and other fuels are stated at the lower of cost computed on the weighted average cost (WAC) method, or market. All other inventories, representing parts and equipment are stated at the lower of cost computed on the FIFO method, or market.
|  | June 30, |  |  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Liquid product |  | $ | 20,540 |  |  | $ | 64,907 |
Parts and equipment |  |  | 16,128 |  |  |  | 15,629 |
|  | $ | 36,668 |  |  | $ | 80,536 |
Derivatives and Hedging - Disclosures and Fair Value Measurements | Derivatives and Hedging—Disclosures and Fair Value Measurements The Partnership uses derivative instruments such as futures, options, and swap agreements, in order to mitigate exposure to market risk associated with the purchase of home heating oil for price-protected customers, physical inventory on hand, inventory in transit and priced purchase commitments. To hedge a substantial majority of the purchase price associated with heating oil gallons anticipated to be sold to price-protected customers, as of June 30, 2012, the Partnership had 1.2 million gallons of physical inventory and had 4.8 million gallons of swap contracts to buy heating oil; 1.4 million gallons of call options; 4.1 million gallons of put options and 44.6 million net gallons of synthetic calls. To hedge the inter-month differentials for our price-protected customers, physical inventory on hand, and inventory in transit, the Partnership as of June 30, 2012 had 47.0 million gallons of future contracts to buy heating oil and 51.5 million gallons of future contracts to sell heating oil. To hedge a portion of internal fuel usage, the Partnership as of June 30, 2012, had 1.4 million gallons of swap contracts to buy gasoline; and 1.2 million gallons of heating oil swap contracts to hedge diesel purchases. To hedge a substantial majority of the purchase price associated with heating oil gallons anticipated to be sold to price-protected customers, as of June 30, 2011, the Partnership had 0.9 million gallons of physical inventory and had 2.1 million gallons of swap contracts to buy heating oil; 5.0 million gallons of call options; 2.0 million gallons of put options and 42.6 million net gallons of synthetic calls. To hedge the inter-month differentials for our price-protected customers, physical inventory on hand, and inventory in transit, the Partnership as of June 30, 2011 had 8.0 million gallons of future contracts to buy heating oil; 9.3 million gallons of future contracts to sell heating oil; and 12.6 million gallons of swap contracts to sell heating oil. To hedge a portion of internal fuel usage, the Partnership as of June 30, 2011, had 1.2 million gallons of swap contracts to buy gasoline; and 0.9 million gallons of swap contracts and 0.2 million gallons of synthetic calls to buy diesel. The Partnership’s derivative instruments are with the following counterparties: JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Key Bank, N.A., Cargill, Inc., Bank of Montreal, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Societe Generale, Bank of America, N.A., Regions Financial Corporation, and Newedge USA, LLC. The Partnership assesses counterparty credit risk and maintains master netting arrangements with counterparties to help manage the risks, and record derivative positions on a net basis. The Partnership considers counterparty credit risk to be low. At June 30, 2012, the aggregate cash posted as collateral in the normal course of business at counterparties was $0.6 million. Positions with counterparties who are also parties to our revolving credit facility are collateralized under that facility. As of June 30, 2012, $9.7 million of hedging losses were secured under the credit facility. FASB ASC 815-10-05 Derivatives and Hedging, established accounting and reporting standards requiring that derivative instruments be recorded at fair value and included in the consolidated balance sheet as assets or liabilities, along with qualitative disclosures regarding the derivative activity. To the extent derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges are effective and the standard’s documentation requirements have been met, changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income until the underlying hedged item is recognized in earnings. The Partnership has elected not to designate its derivative instruments as hedging instruments under this standard and the change in fair value of the derivative instruments is recognized in our statement of operations in the line item (Increase) decrease in the fair value of derivative instruments. Depending on the risk being hedged, realized gains and losses are recorded in cost of product, cost of installations and service, or delivery and branch expenses. FASB ASC 820-10 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, established a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which classified the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. The Partnership’s Level 1 derivative assets and liabilities represent the fair value of commodity contracts used in its hedging activities that are identical and traded in active markets. The Partnership’s Level 2 derivative assets and liabilities represent the fair value of commodity contracts used in its hedging activities that are valued using either directly or indirectly observable inputs, whose nature, risk and class are similar. No significant transfers of assets or liabilities have been made into and out of the Level 1 or Level 2 tiers. All derivative instruments were non-trading positions and were either a Level 1 or Level 2 instrument. The fair market value of our Level 1 and Level 2 derivative assets and liabilities are calculated by our counter-parties and are independently validated by the Partnership. The Partnership's calculations are, for Level 1 derivative assets and liabilities, based on the published New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”) market prices for the commodity contracts open at the end of the period. For Level 2 derivative assets and liabilities the calculations performed by the Partnership are based on a combination of the NYMEX published market prices and other inputs, including such factors as present value, volatility and duration. The Partnership had no assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis subsequent to their initial recognition. The Partnership’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are listed on the following table. (In thousands)
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using: |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Under FASB ASC 815-10 |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Total |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1 |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 |
Asset Derivatives at June 30, 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  | Fair asset and fair liability value of derivative instruments |  | $ | 25,608 |  |  | $ | 10,017 |  |  | $ | 15,591 |  |  | $ | — |
Commodity contracts |  | Long-term derivative assets included in the deferred charges and other assets, net balance |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Commodity contract assets at June 30, 2012 |  | $ | 25,608 |  |  | $ | 10,017 |  |  | $ | 15,591 |  |  | $ | — |
Liability Derivatives at June 30, 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  | Fair liability and fair asset value of derivative instruments |  | $ | (32,203 | ) |  | $ | (10,641 | ) |  | $ | (21,562 | ) |  | $ | — |
Commodity contracts |  | Long-term derivative liabilities included in other long-term liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Commodity contract liabilities at June 30, 2012 |  | $ | (32,203 | ) |  | $ | (10,641 | ) |  | $ | (21,562 | ) |  | $ | — |
Asset Derivatives at September 30, 2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  | Fair asset and fair liability value of derivative instruments |  | $ | 41,531 |  |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | 40,981 |  |  | $ | — |
Commodity contracts |  | Long-term derivative assets included in the deferred charges and other assets, net balance |  |  | 257 |  |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | — |
Commodity contract assets at September 30, 2011 |  | $ | 41,788 |  |  | $ | 721 |  |  | $ | 41,067 |  |  | $ | — |
Liability Derivatives at September 30, 2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  | Fair liability and fair asset value of derivative instruments |  | $ | (41,179 | ) |  | $ | (602 | ) |  | $ | (40,577 | ) |  | $ | — |
Commodity contracts |  | Long-term derivative liabilities netted with the deferred charges and other assets, net balance |  |  | (96 | ) |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (71 | ) |  |  | — |
Commodity contract liabilities at September 30, 2011 |  | $ | (41,275 | ) |  | $ | (627 | ) |  | $ | (40,648 | ) |  | $ | — |
(In thousands)
The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statement of Operations |
|  |  |  | Amount of (Gain) or Loss Recognized in Income on Derivative |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Under FASB ASC 815-10 |  | Location of (Gain) or Loss Recognized in Income on Derivative |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2012 |  |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2011 |  |  | Nine Months Ended June 30, 2012 |  |  | Nine Months Ended June 30, 2011 |
Commodity contracts |  | Cost of product (a) |  | $ | 359 |  |  | $ | (9,717 | ) |  | $ | 15,683 |  |  | $ | (5,512 | )
Commodity contracts |  | Cost of installations and service (a) |  | $ | (120 | ) |  | $ | (384 | ) |  | $ | (224 | ) |  | $ | (798 | )
Commodity contracts |  | Delivery and branch expenses (a) |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (229 | ) |  | $ | (87 | ) |  | $ | (712 | )
Commodity contracts |  | (Increase) / decrease in the fair value of derivative instruments |  | $ | 11,225 |  |  | $ | 16,323 |  |  | $ | 1,362 |  |  | $ | (10,844 | )
(a) | Represents realized closed positions and includes the cost of options as they expire.
Weather Hedge Contract | Weather Hedge Contract To partially mitigate the adverse effect of warm weather on cash flows, the Partnership has used weather hedge contracts for a number of years. The weather hedge contract is recorded in accordance with the intrinsic value method defined by FASB ASC 815-45-15 Derivatives and Hedging, Weather Derivatives (EITF 99-2). The premium paid is amortized over the life of the contract and the intrinsic value method is applied at each interim period. For the fiscal 2012 heating season, the Partnership entered into a weather hedge contract with Renaissance Trading Ltd. under which it was entitled to receive a payment of $35,000 per heating degree-day shortfall, when the total number of heating degree-days in the period covered is less than 92.5% of the ten year average, the “Payment Threshold.” The hedge covered the period from November 1, 2011 through March 31, 2012 taken as a whole, and had a maximum payout of $12.5 million. Temperatures for the period November 1, 2011 through March 31, 2012 taken as a whole met the Payment Threshold, and the heating degree-day shortfall during this period resulted in the Partnership contractually recovering the full $12.5 million, which was recorded as a reduction of expenses in the line item delivery and branch expenses in the accompanying statements of operations.
Property and Equipment, net | Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed over the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets using the straight-line method.
(in thousands) |  | June 30, 2012 |  |  | September 30, 2011 |
Property and equipment |  | $ | 164,960 |  |  | $ | 155,426 |
Less: accumulated depreciation |  |  | 112,871 |  |  |  | 108,295 |
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 52,089 |  |  | $ | 47,131 |
Business Combinations | Business Combinations The Partnership uses the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 805 Business Combinations. The acquisition method of accounting requires the Partnership to use significant estimates and assumptions, including fair value estimates, as of the business combination date, and to refine those estimates as necessary during the measurement period (defined as the period, not to exceed one year, in which the amounts recognized for a business combination may be adjusted). Each acquired company’s operating results are included in the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements starting on the date of acquisition. The purchase price is equivalent to the fair value of consideration transferred. Tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition, are recorded at the acquisition date fair value. The separately identifiable intangible assets generally are comprised of customer lists, trade names and covenants not to compete. Goodwill is recognized for the excess of the purchase price over the net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Costs that are incurred to complete the business combination such as investment banking, legal and other professional fees are not considered part of consideration transferred, and are charged to general and administrative expense as they are incurred. For any given acquisition, certain contingent consideration may be identified. Estimates of the fair value of liability or asset classified contingent consideration are included under the acquisition method as part of the assets acquired or liabilities assumed. At each reporting date, these estimates are re-measured to fair value, with changes recognized in earnings.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill and intangible assets include goodwill, customer lists, trade names and covenants not to compete. Goodwill is the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets in the acquisition of a company. Under FASB ASC 350-10-05 Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, a potential goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. If goodwill of a reporting unit is determined to be impaired, the amount of impairment is measured based on the excess of the net book value of the goodwill over the implied fair value of the goodwill. The Partnership has selected August 31 of each year to perform its annual impairment review under this standard. The evaluations utilize an Income Approach and Market Approach (consisting of the Market Comparable and the Market Transaction Approach), which contain reasonable and supportable assumptions and projections reflecting management’s best estimate in deriving the Partnership’s total enterprise value. The Income Approach calculates over a discrete period the free cash flow generated by the Partnership to determine the enterprise value. The Market Comparable approach compares the Partnership to comparable companies in similar industries to determine the enterprise value. The Market Transaction approach uses exchange prices in actual sales and purchases of comparable businesses to determine the enterprise value. The total enterprise value as indicated by these two approaches is compared to the Partnership’s book value (one reporting unit) of net assets and reviewed in light of the Partnership’s market capitalization. Customer lists are the names and addresses of an acquired company’s customers. Based on historical retention experience, these lists are amortized on a straight-line basis over seven to ten years. Trade names are the names of acquired companies. Based on the economic benefit expected and historical retention experience of customers, trade names are amortized on a straight-line basis over seven to twenty years. Covenants not to compete are agreements with the owners of acquired companies and are amortized over the respective lives of the covenants on a straight-line basis, which are generally five years.
Partners' Capital | Partners’ Capital Comprehensive income includes net income, plus certain other items that are recorded directly to partners’ capital. Accumulated other comprehensive income reported on the Partnerships’ consolidated balance sheets consists of the amortization of the unrealized pension plan obligation gains/losses and the corresponding tax effect. For the three months ended June 30, 2012, comprehensive loss was $(11.4) million, comprised of net loss of $(11.8) million, plus the amortization of the unrealized pension plan obligation gain of $0.7 million and the corresponding tax effect of $(0.3) million. For the three months ended June 30, 2011, comprehensive loss was $(17.8) million, comprised of net loss of $(18.2) million, plus the amortization of the unrealized pension plan obligation gain of $0.7 million and the corresponding tax effect of $(0.3) million. For the nine months ended June 30, 2012, comprehensive income was $32.8 million, comprised of net income of $31.6 million, plus the amortization of the unrealized pension plan obligation gain of $2.0 million and the corresponding tax effect of $(0.8) million. For the nine months ended June 30, 2011, comprehensive income was $52.3 million, comprised of net income of $51.0 million, plus the amortization of the unrealized pension plan obligation gain of $2.1 million and the corresponding tax effect of $(0.8) million.
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The Partnership is a master limited partnership and is not subject to tax at the entity level for Federal and State income tax purposes. Rather, income and losses of the Partnership are allocated directly to the individual partners (the Partnership’s corporate subsidiaries are subject to tax at the entity level for federal and state income tax purposes). While the Partnership will generate non-qualifying Master Limited Partnership revenue through its corporate subsidiaries, distributions from the corporate subsidiaries to the Partnership are generally included in the determination of qualified Master Limited Partnership income. All or a portion of the distributions received by the Partnership from the corporate subsidiaries could be a dividend or capital gain to the partners. The accompanying financial statements are reported on a fiscal year, however, the Partnership and its Corporate subsidiaries file Federal and State income tax returns on a calendar year. As most of the Partnership’s income is derived from its corporate subsidiaries, these financial statements reflect significant Federal and State income taxes. For corporate subsidiaries of the Partnership, a consolidated Federal income tax return is filed. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is recognized if, based on the weight of available evidence including historical tax losses, it is more likely than not that some or all of deferred tax assets will not be realized. The current and deferred income tax expenses for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2012, and 2011 are as follows:
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | (22,434 | ) |  | $ | (30,784 | ) |  | $ | 53,022 |  |  | $ | 90,934 |
Current tax expense (benefit) |  | $ | (1,372 | ) |  | $ | (194 | ) |  | $ | 7,741 |  |  | $ | 14,427 |
Deferred tax expense (benefit) |  |  | (9,273 | ) |  |  | (12,393 | ) |  |  | 13,657 |  |  |  | 25,465 |
Total tax expense (benefit) |  | $ | (10,645 | ) |  | $ | (12,587 | ) |  | $ | 21,398 |  |  | $ | 39,892 |
As of the calendar tax year ended December 31, 2011, Star Acquisitions, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Partnership, had an estimated Federal net operating loss carry forward (“NOL”) of approximately $12.8 million. The Federal NOLs, which will expire between 2018 and 2024, are generally available to offset any future taxable income but are also subject to annual limitations of between $1.0 million and $2.2 million. FASB ASC 740-10-05-6 Income Taxes, Uncertain Tax Position, provides financial statement accounting guidance for uncertainty in income taxes and tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. At June 30, 2012, we had unrecognized income tax benefits totaling $1.5 million including related accrued interest of $0.3 million. These unrecognized tax benefits are primarily the result of state tax uncertainties. If recognized, these tax benefits and related interest would be recorded as a benefit to the effective tax rate. We believe that the total liability for unrecognized tax benefits will not materially change during the next 12 months ending June 30, 2013. Our continuing practice is to recognize interest related to income tax matters as a component of income tax expense. We file U.S. Federal income tax returns and various state and local returns. A number of years may elapse before an uncertain tax position is audited and finally resolved. For our Federal income tax returns we have four tax years subject to examination. In our major state tax jurisdictions of New York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, we have four, four, five, and five tax years, respectively, that are subject to examination. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular uncertain tax position, based on our assessment of many factors including past experience and interpretation of tax law, we believe that our provision for income taxes reflect the most probable outcome. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of complex judgments about future events.
Sales, Use and Value Added Taxes | Sales, Use and Value Added Taxes Taxes are assessed by various governmental authorities on many different types of transactions. Sales reported for product, installation and service exclude taxes.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements In the second quarter of fiscal 2012, the Partnership adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") provisions of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement: Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). This standard provides for a consistent definition of fair value, and changes some fair value measurement principles and disclosure requirements under U.S. GAAP. There was no impact on our results of operations or the amount of assets and liabilities reported. In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income: Presentation of Comprehensive Income, and subsequently deferred the requirement to separately present within net income reclassification adjustments of items out of accumulated other comprehensive income. This standard eliminates the option to present items of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity, and instead requires either OCI presentation and net income in a single continuous statement to the statement of operations, or as a separate statement of comprehensive income. ASU No. 2011-05 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted. The Partnership is required to adopt this update in the first quarter of fiscal year 2013. The adoption of ASU No. 2011-05 will not impact our results of operations or the amount of assets and liabilities reported. In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other: Testing Goodwill for Impairment. This standard simplifies how entities test goodwill for impairment by providing for an optional qualitative assessment in determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the first step, of the two-step goodwill impairment test. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted. The Partnership has not early adopted this standard and is required to adopt this update in fiscal year 2013. The adoption of ASU No. 2011-08 will not impact our results of operations or the amount of assets and liabilities reported. In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-09, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Multiemployer Plans (715-80): Disclosures about an Employer’s Participation in a Multiemployer Plan. This standard requires employers that participate in multiemployer pension plans to provide additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures such as significant multiemployer plan names, identifying number, employer contributions, an indication of the plan’s funded status, and the nature of the employer commitments to the plan. The new guidance is effective for annual periods for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted. The Partnership has not early adopted this standard and is required to adopt it in fiscal year 2012. The adoption of ASU No. 2011-09 will not impact our results of operations or the amount of assets and liabilities reported.

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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6927468&loc=d3e6061-108592 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Statement of Position (SOP) -Number 94-6 -Paragraph 11, 14 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6927468&loc=d3e6143-108592 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 8 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6927468&loc=d3e6132-108592 + Details
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