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Note 10 - Stock-Based Compensation Plans and Warrants | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2012
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block] | NOTE 10 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS AND WARRANTS The Company has issued options and has granted stock awards pursuant to its 2003 Management Equity Incentive Plan, 2007 Management Equity Incentive Plan, and 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. The Company also has granted stock awards pursuant to its 2009 Equity Incentive Plan and Outside Director Compensation Plan, as described below. 2003 Management Equity Incentive Plan In December 2003, concurrently with the completion of the Company’s then current financing arrangements with ING, the Company’s board of directors authorized the adoption of a Management Equity Incentive Plan. As of December 31, 2012, a total of 315,000 common stock options remain outstanding under this plan. Outside Director Compensation Plan The Cadiz Inc. Outside Director Compensation Plan was approved by the Company’s stockholders in November 2006. Under the plan, each outside director receives $30,000 of cash compensation and receives a deferred stock award consisting of shares of the Company’s common stock with a value equal to $20,000 on June 30 of each year. The award accrues on a quarterly basis, with $7,500 of cash compensation and $5,000 of stock earned for each fiscal quarter in which a director serves. The deferred stock award vests automatically on the January 31 that first follows the award date. 2007 Management Equity Incentive Plan The 2007 Management Equity Incentive Plan was approved by stockholders at the 2007 Annual Meeting. As of December 31, 2012, a total of 10,000 common stock options remain outstanding under this plan. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan The 2009 Equity Incentive Plan was approved by stockholders at the 2009 Annual Meeting. The plan provides for the grant and issuance of up to 850,000 shares and options to the Company’s employees and consultants. The plan became effective when the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-8 on December 18, 2009. All options issued under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan have a ten-year term with vesting periods ranging from issuance date to 24 months. To date, 537,500 common stock purchase options have been issued under this plan and all remained outstanding as of December 31, 2012. All options that have been issued under the above plans have been issued to officers, employees and consultants of the Company. In total, options to purchase 862,500 shares were unexercised and outstanding on December 31, 2012, under the three equity incentive plans. For consultants of the Company, the fair value of each option granted under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan is estimated at each reporting period using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and recorded as a liability until the award is settled. For officers and employees of the Company, the fair value of each option granted under the plans was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following weighted-average assumptions:
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 3.90 | %
Expected life (in years) |  | 9.4 |
Expected volatility |  |  | 52 | %
Expected dividend yield |  |  | 0.0 | %
The risk-free interest rate is assumed to be equal to the yield of a U.S. Treasury bond of comparable maturity, as published in the Federal Reserve Statistical Release for the relevant date. The expected life estimate is based on an analysis of the employees receiving option grants and the expected behavior of each employee. The expected volatility is derived from an analysis of the historical volatility of the trading price per share of the Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market. The Company does not anticipate that it will pay dividends to common stockholders in the future. The Company recognized stock option related compensation costs of $284,000, $1,245,000, and $2,561,000 in fiscal 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively, relating to these options. No stock options were exercised during 2012. A summary of option activity under the plans as of December 31, 2012, and changes during the current year are presented below:
Options |  | Shares |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  |  | Average Remaining Contractual Term |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($000’s) |
Outstanding January 1, 2012 |  |  | 862,500 |  |  | $ | 11.92 |  |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | $ | 7,516 |
Granted |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Exercised |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Forfeited or expired |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Outstanding at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 862,500 |  |  | $ | 11.92 |  |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | $ | 7,499 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 817,502 |  |  | $ | 11.91 |  |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | $ | 7,147 |
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, were $7.28 and 7.65 per share, respectively. No options were granted in 2012. The following table summarizes stock option activity for the periods noted.
|  |  |  |  | Weighted- |
|  |  |  |  | Average |
|  | Amount |  |  | Exercise Price |
Outstanding at January 1, 2010 |  |  | 325,000 |  |  | $ | 12.31 |
Granted |  |  | 402,500 |  |  | $ | 11.51 |
Expired or canceled |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |
Exercised |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |
Outstanding at December 31, 2010 |  |  | 727,500 |  |  | $ | 11.86 |
Granted |  |  | 135,000 |  |  | $ | 12.23 |
Expired or canceled |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |
Exercised |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Outstanding at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 862,500 |  |  | $ | 11.92 |
Granted |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |
Expired or canceled |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Exercised |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Outstanding at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 862,500 | (a) |  | $ | 11.92 |
Options exercisable at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 817,502 |  |  | $ | 11.91 |
Weighted-average years of remaining contractual life of options outstanding at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  |  |  |
(a) | Exercise prices vary from $9.88 to $18.99, and expiration dates vary from May 2015 to December 2021.
Stock Awards to Directors, Officers, Consultants and Employees The Company has granted stock awards pursuant to its 2007 Management Equity Incentive Plan, 2009 Equity Incentive Plan and Outside Director Compensation Plan. Under the 2007 Management Equity Incentive Plan 250,000 shares were issued. A 150,000-share award was issued that vested in three equal installments on January 1, 2008, January 1, 2009 and January 1, 2010. Of the remaining 100,000 shares reserved under the 2007 Management Equity Incentive Plan, 10,000 were issued as options as described above, and 90,000 were issued as shares that vested in May 2009 consistent with the terms of the agreements pursuant to which those executives provided services to the Company. Of the total 850,000 shares reserved under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, 115,000 restricted shares of common stock were granted on January 14, 2010, and 140,000 restricted shares of common stock were granted on January 10, 2011, consistent with the terms of the agreements pursuant to which those executives provide services to the Company and which contemplate that such executives will participate in the Company’s long-term incentive plans. The recipients of these restricted shares have a contractual agreement not to sell any of these shares for a period of three years following the effective date. Of the remaining 595,000 shares reserved under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, 22,782 shares of common stock were issued to directors, 537,500 were issued as options as described above and 34,718 are available for future distribution. Under the Outside Director Compensation Plan, 72,782 shares have been awarded for the plan years ended June 30, 2006, through June 30, 2012. Of the 72,782 shares awarded, 13,795 shares were awarded for service during the plan year ended June 30, 2012, became effective on that date and vested on January 31, 2013. The accompanying consolidated statements include approximately $99,000, $1,130,000 and $1,388,000 of stock-based compensation expense related to stock awards in the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. A summary of stock awards activity under the plans during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 is presented below:
|  | Shares |  |  | Weighted- Average Grant-date Fair Value |
|  |  |  |  | ($000’s) |
Nonvested at December 31, 2010 |  |  | 9,582 |  |  | $ | 116 |
Granted |  |  | 151,304 |  |  |  | 951 |
Forfeited or canceled |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Vested |  |  | (151,466 | ) |  |  | (951 | )
Nonvested at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 9,420 |  |  |  | 102 |
Granted |  |  | 13,795 |  |  |  | 99 |
Forfeited or canceled |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Vested |  |  | (9,420 | ) |  |  | (102 | )
Nonvested at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 13,795 |  |  | $ | 99 |
As of December 31, 2012, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based awards under the plans totaled $50,000, and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of one year. Stock Purchase Warrants Issued to Non-Employees The Company accounts for equity securities issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718 and ASC 505. On November 30, 2011, the Company raised $6 million with a private placement of 666,667 shares of Common Stock at a price of $9 per share. For every three (3) shares of Common Stock issued, the Company issued one (1) Common Stock purchase warrant entitling the holder to purchase, commencing 90 days from the date of the issuance and prior to December 8, 2014, one (1) share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $13 per share. On October 30, 2012, the Company increased the capacity of its existing Term Loan facility with an additional $5 million facility. Concurrently with the funding of the facility, the Company issued warrants to the lenders to purchase an aggregate of 250,000 shares of its common stock. These warrants have an exercise price of $10 per share and must be exercised not later than two years from the date of issuance. As of December 31, 2012, 472,222 warrants remain outstanding.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 14 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6406099&loc=d3e25284-112666 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5047-113901 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Statement of Position (SOP) -Number 93-6 -Paragraph 53 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6418621&loc=d3e17540-113929 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) -Number 123R -Paragraph 64, 65, A240 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5444-113901 + Details
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