10-Q 1 form_10q-mar2015.htm FORM 10Q FOR THE PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2015

United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
þ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015
OR
o Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
for the transition period from …… to …….
Commission File Number 0-12114
Cadiz Inc.
(Exact name of registrant specified in its charter)

DELAWARE | 77-0313235
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.)

550 South Hope Street, Suite 2850 |
Los Angeles, California | 90071
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (213) 271-1600
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes √ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes √ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer √ Non-accelerated filer Smaller Reporting Company
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).
Yes No √
As of May 5, 2015, the Registrant had 17,724,099 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

Cadiz Inc.

Index

For the Three Months ended March 31, 2015 | Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. Financial Statements |
Cadiz Inc. Consolidated Financial Statements |
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 | 1
Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 | 2
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 | 3
Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2015 | 4
Unaudited Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | 5
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 11
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 25
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures | 25
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings | 26
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors | 26
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 26
ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 26
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 26
ITEM 5. Other Information | 26
ITEM 6. Exhibits | 27

Cadiz Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

|  | For the Three Months |
|  | Ended March 31, |
($ in thousands except per share data) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Revenues |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
General and administrative |  |  | 2,675 |  |  |  | 2,588 |
Depreciation |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 64 |
Total costs and expenses |  |  | 2,736 |  |  |  | 2,652 |
Operating loss |  |  | (2,718 | ) |  |  | (2,648 | )
Interest expense, net |  |  | (2,193 | ) |  |  | (2,045 | )
Other income |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | - |
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (4,841 | ) |  |  | (4,693 | )
Income tax provision |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
Net loss and comprehensive loss applicable to common stock |  | $ | (4,842 | ) |  | $ | (4,694 | )
Basic and diluted net loss per common share |  | $ | (0.27 | ) |  | $ | (0.29 | )
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding |  |  | 17,707 |  |  |  | 16,166 |

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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1
Cadiz Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31,
($ in thousands except share data) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 13,548 |  |  | $ | 16,206 |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 239 |
Inventories |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | - |
Prepaid expenses and other |  |  | 719 |  |  |  | 346 |
Total current assets |  |  | 14,441 |  |  |  | 16,791 |
Property, plant, equipment and water programs, net |  |  | 43,596 |  |  |  | 43,640 |
Goodwill |  |  | 3,813 |  |  |  | 3,813 |
Debt issuance costs |  |  | 779 |  |  |  | 837 |
Other assets |  |  | 3,403 |  |  |  | 3,131 |
Total assets |  | $ | 66,032 |  |  | $ | 68,212 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 615 |  |  | $ | 302 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 1,333 |  |  |  | 1,580 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 35,441 |  |  |  | 11 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 37,389 |  |  |  | 1,893 |
Long-term debt, net |  |  | 71,086 |  |  |  | 104,384 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 750 |  |  |  | 750 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 923 |  |  |  | 923 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 110,148 |  |  |  | 107,950 |
Stockholders’ deficit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock - $.01 par value; 70,000,000 shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
authorized; shares issued and outstanding – 17,719,251 at |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
March 31, 2015 and 17,681,274 at December 31, 2014 |  |  | 177 |  |  |  | 177 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 320,068 |  |  |  | 319,604 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (364,361 | ) |  |  | (359,519 | )
Total stockholders’ deficit |  |  | (44,116 | ) |  |  | (39,738 | )
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit |  | $ | 66,032 |  |  | $ | 68,212 |

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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2
Cadiz Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

|  | For the Three Months |
|  | Ended March 31, |
($ in thousands) |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (4,842 | ) |  |  | (4,694 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
net cash used for operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 64 |
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs |  |  | 222 |  |  |  | 207 |
Interest expense added to loan principal |  |  | 1,971 |  |  |  | 1,838 |
Compensation charge for stock and share option awards |  |  | 260 |  |  |  | 30 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable |  |  | 170 |  |  |  | (10 | )
Increase in prepaid expenses and other |  |  | (478 | ) |  |  | (298 | )
Increase in other assets |  |  | (272 | ) |  |  | (271 | )
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | (746 | )
Decrease in accrued liabilities |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | (554 | )
Net cash used for operating activities |  |  | (2,636 | ) |  |  | (4,434 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions to property, plant and equipment |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | - |
Net cash used for investing activities |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | - |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Principal payments on long-term debt |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (3 | )
Net cash used for by financing activities |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (3 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (2,658 | ) |  |  | (4,437 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  |  | 16,206 |  |  |  | 11,887 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 13,548 |  |  | $ | 7,450 |

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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3
Cadiz Inc.

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Deficit (Unaudited)
($ in thousands except share data)

|  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Paid-in |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Stockholders’ |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Deficit |
Balance as of December 31, 2014 |  |  | 17,681,274 |  |  | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | 319,604 |  |  | $ | (359,519 | ) |  | $ | (39,738 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 37,977 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 464 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 464 |
Net loss and comprehensive loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (4,842 | ) |  |  | (4,842 | )
Balance as of March 31, 2015 |  |  | 17,719,251 |  |  | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | 320,068 |  |  | $ | (364,361 | ) |  | $ | (44,116 | )

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
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Cadiz Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by Cadiz Inc., also referred to as “Cadiz” or “the Company”, without audit and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Basis of Presentation
The foregoing Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which management considers necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, the results of its operations and its cash flows for the periods presented and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the financial statements. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2015, are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire fiscal year ending December 31, 2015.
Liquidity
The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared using accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which assumes realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company incurred losses of $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015, and $4.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014. The Company had a working capital deficit of $22.9 million at March 31, 2015, and used cash in operations of $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015, and $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014.
Cash requirements during the three months ended March 31, 2015, primarily reflect certain administrative and litigation costs related to the Company’s water project development efforts. Currently, the Company’s sole focus is the development of its land and water assets.
In March 2013, the Company completed arrangements with its senior lenders to refinance its then existing $66 million zero coupon convertible term loan (“Term Loan”). Under the terms of the new arrangements, the existing lenders held $30 million of non-convertible secured debt at the time of the transaction, with the balance of the Company’s outstanding debt of approximately $36 million held in a convertible note instrument. Further, the Company increased the capacity of the convertible note instrument with an additional $17.5 million to be used for working capital purposes. In July 2013, the majority of the $30 million of non-convertible secured debt was acquired in a private transaction by MSD Credit Opportunity Fund, L.P. (“MSD Credit”). In October 2013, the Company completed arrangements with MSD Credit to increase the secured debt facility by $10 million to fund additional working capital (“New Term Loan”).
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In July 2013, the Company filed a new shelf registration statement on Form S-3 registering the issuance of up to $40 million in shares of the Company’s common stock, preferred stock, warrants, subscription rights, units and certain debt instruments in one or more public offerings. In November 2014, the Company raised approximately $14.6 million with the sale of 1,435,713 shares at $10.1751 per share by way of a takedown from this shelf registration.
The $14.6 million in additional working capital raised in November 2014, as discussed above, together with the Company’s existing cash resources, provides the Company with sufficient funds to meet its expected working capital needs through the end of February 2016.
The Company has a first mortgage debt obligation of $35.4 million coming due in March 2016. Based upon the Company’s current and anticipated usage of cash resources, and depending on its progress toward implementation of the Cadiz Valley Water Conservation, Recovery and Storage Project (“Water Project” or “Project”), the first mortgage obligation may be extinguished, extended or replaced. Further, the Company may require additional working capital during 2016. The Company is evaluating the amount of cash needed, and the manner in which such cash will be raised, on an ongoing basis. The Company may meet any future cash requirements through a variety of means, including equity or debt placements, or through the sale or other disposition of assets. Equity placements would be undertaken only to the extent necessary, so as to minimize the dilutive effect of any such placements upon the Company’s existing stockholders. The Company has engaged an investment bank and is currently pursuing an alternative for the first mortgage obligation that is compatible with the construction financing need necessary for the implementation of the Water Project.
Limitations on the Company’s liquidity and ability to raise capital may adversely affect it. Sufficient liquidity is critical to meet its resource development activities. Although the Company currently expects its sources of capital to be sufficient to meet its near-term liquidity needs, there can be no assurance that its liquidity requirements will continue to be satisfied. If the Company cannot raise needed funds or refinance its current $35.4 million debt obligation prior to maturity in March 2016, it might default on its debt obligations, which would adversely affect its ability to implement its current business plan and ultimately its viability as a company.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
No cash payments, including interest, are due on the corporate secured debt or convertible notes prior to their maturities.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted
On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standards update on revenue recognition including enhanced disclosures. Under the new standard, revenue is recognized when (or as) a good or service is transferred to the customer and the customer obtains control of the good or service. The Company is currently evaluating this new guidance which is effective January 1, 2017 and cannot determine the impact of this standard at this time.
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In August 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standards update requiring an entity’s management to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or within one year after the date that the financial statements are available to be issued when applicable). The Company is currently evaluating this new guidance which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and all annual and interim periods thereafter, and cannot determine the impact of this standard at this time.
On April 7, 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that will require debt issuance costs to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. Currently, these costs are presented as a deferred charge asset. The Company is currently evaluating this new guidance which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and all annual and interim periods thereafter, and cannot determine the impact of this standard at this time.
NOTE 2 – LONG-TERM DEBT
The carrying value of the Company’s debt approximates fair value. The fair value of the Company’s debt (Level 2) is determined based on an estimation of discounted future cash flows of the debt at rates currently quoted or offered to the Company by its lenders for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities.
NOTE 3 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS AND WARRANTS
The Company has issued options and has granted stock awards pursuant to its 2003 Management Equity Incentive Plan, 2009 Equity Incentive Plan and 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, as described below.
2003 Management Equity Incentive Plan
In December 2003, the Company’s board of directors authorized the adoption of a Management Equity Incentive Plan. As of March 31, 2015, a total of 315,000 common stock options remain outstanding under this plan.
2009 Equity Incentive Plan
The 2009 Equity Incentive Plan was approved by stockholders at the 2009 Annual Meeting. The plan provides for the grant and issuance of up to 850,000 shares and options to the Company’s employees and consultants. The plan became effective when the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-8 on December 18, 2009. All options issued under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan have a ten-year term with vesting periods ranging from issuance date to 24 months. As of March 31, 2015, 507,500 common stock options remain outstanding under this plan.
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2014 Equity Incentive Plan
The 2014 Equity Incentive Plan was approved by stockholders at the June 10, 2014 Annual Meeting. The plan provides for the grant and issuance of up to 675,000 shares and options to the Company’s employees, directors and consultants. Upon approval of the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, all shares of common stock that remained available for award under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan were cancelled. Following registration of the 2014 Plan on Form S-8, the Company entered into revised employment agreements with certain senior management that provide for the issuance of up to 162,500 Restricted Stock Units (“RSU’s”) during the period July 1, 2014 through December 31, 2016 and the issuance of up to 200,000 RSU’s in connection with obtaining construction financing for the Water Project. Of the 162,500 restricted stock units granted on July 1, 2014 pursuant to these employment agreements, 48,750 shares are vested as of March 31, 2015.
Under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, each outside director receives $30,000 of cash compensation and receives a deferred stock award consisting of shares of the Company’s common stock with a value equal to $20,000 on June 30 of each year. The award accrues on a quarterly basis, with $7,500 of cash compensation and $5,000 of stock earned for each fiscal quarter in which a director serves. The deferred stock award vests automatically on January 31 in the year following the award date.
All options that have been issued under the above plans have been issued to officers, employees and consultants of the Company. In total, options to purchase 822,500 shares were unexercised and outstanding on March 31, 2015, under the three equity incentive plans.
The Company recognized no stock option related compensation costs in each of the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. No options were exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2015.
Stock Awards to Directors, Officers, and Consultants
The Company has granted stock awards pursuant to its 2009 Equity Incentive Plan and 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.
Of the total 850,000 shares reserved under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, 115,000 restricted shares of common stock were granted on January 14, 2010, and 140,000 restricted shares of common stock were granted on January 10, 2011. Of the remaining 595,000 shares reserved under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, 42,265 shares of common stock were awarded to directors, 507,500 were issued as options as described above as of March 31, 2015. Upon approval of the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan in June 2014, 45,235 shares remaining available for award under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan were cancelled.
Under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, 30,821 shares have been awarded to the Company directors and consultants as of March 31, 2015. Of the 30,821 shares awarded, 14,514 shares were awarded for services during the plan year ended June 30, 2014, became effective on that date and vested on January 31, 2015.
The Company recognized stock-based compensation costs of $260,000 and $30,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
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NOTE 4 – INCOME TAXES
As of March 31, 2015, the Company had net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $225 million for federal income tax purposes and $132 million for California state income tax purposes. Such carryforwards expire in varying amounts through the year 2035. Use of the carryforward amounts is subject to an annual limitation as a result of ownership changes.
As of March 31, 2015, the Company possessed unrecognized tax benefits totaling approximately $2.8 million. None of these, if recognized, would affect the Company's effective tax rate because the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against these assets.
The Company's tax years 2011 through 2014 remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service, and tax years 2010 through 2014 remain subject to examination by California tax jurisdictions. In addition, the Company's loss carryforward amounts are generally subject to examination and adjustment for a period of three years for federal tax purposes and four years for California purposes, beginning when such carryovers are utilized to reduce taxes in a future tax year.
Because it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize its net deferred tax assets, it has recorded a full valuation allowance against these assets. Accordingly, no deferred tax asset has been reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
NOTE 5 – NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Options, deferred stock units, warrants and the zero coupon term loan convertible into or exercisable for certain shares of the Company’s common stock were not considered in the computation of net loss per share because their inclusion would have been antidilutive. Had these instruments been included, the fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding would have increased by approximately 8,597,000 and 8,451,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
NOTE 6 – CONTINGENCIES
On April 24, 2015, a putative class action lawsuit, entitled Van Wingerden v. Cadiz Inc., et al., No. 2:15-cv-03080-JAK-JEM, was filed against Cadiz and certain of its directors and officers (“Defendants”) in the United States District Court for the Central District of California purporting to assert claims for violation of §§ 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The complaint, which purports to be brought on behalf of all Cadiz shareholders, alleges that the Defendants have made false and misleading statements regarding the Company’s business and prospects. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary damages and other relief. The Company believes that the purported class action lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously defend the action.
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While the Company believes that the purported class action lawsuit is without merit, pursuant to applicable accounting requirements, the Company will evaluate this matter on an ongoing basis and record accruals for contingencies if the Company concludes that it is probable that a material loss will be incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In many situations, including the purported class action, such matters are being contested, the outcome is not predictable and any potential loss is not estimable.
There are no other material legal proceedings pending to which the Company is a party or of which any of the Company’s property is the subject.
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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
In connection with the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the following discussion contains trend analysis and other forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as "intends", "anticipates", "believes", "estimates", "projects", "forecasts", "expects", "plans" and "proposes". Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, there are a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. These include, among others, our ability to maximize value from our Cadiz, California land and water resources; and our ability to obtain new financings as needed to meet our ongoing working capital needs. See additional discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Executive Summary
At present, Cadiz Inc. (“Cadiz” or the “Company”) is primarily focused on the development of the Cadiz Valley Water Conservation, Recovery and Storage Project (“Water Project” or “Project”), which will capture and conserve millions of acre-feet of native groundwater currently being lost to evaporation from the aquifer system beneath our Cadiz Valley property and deliver it to water providers throughout Southern California (see “Water Resource Development”). We believe that the ultimate implementation of this Water Project will create the primary source of our future cash flow and, accordingly, our working capital requirements relate largely to the development activities associated with this Water Project. In September 2014, the Orange County Superior Court (“Court”) issued final signed judgments (“Judgments”) affirming the previously announced decisions that the public agencies, Santa Margarita Water District (“SMWD”) and the County of San Bernardino (“County”), each acted properly in approving the Water Project under the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”). The Judgments also awarded costs to SMWD, the County, Cadiz and Fenner Valley Mutual Water Company as the prevailing parties in the cases. During the fourth quarter of 2014, the petitioners in the six original Court cases filed independent appeals of the six Judgments with the California Court of Appeals, Fourth District. These appeals were anticipated and are expected to be heard by the Appeals Court in the fourth quarter of 2015. The appeals process is not projected to have any impact on the Company’s ongoing implementation and pre-construction activities for the Water Project.
The Company has a first mortgage obligation of $35.4 million due in March of 2016. The Company will need to extinguish, extend or replace this first mortgage prior to that time. The Company has engaged an investment bank and is currently pursuing an alternative for the first mortgage obligation that is compatible with the construction financing needs necessary for implementation of the Water Project.
Overview
We are a land and water resource development company with 45,000 acres of land in three separate areas of eastern San Bernardino County, California. Virtually all of this land is underlain by high-quality, naturally recharging groundwater resources, and is situated in proximity to the Colorado River and the Colorado River Aqueduct (“CRA”), the major source of imported water for Southern California. Our main objective is to realize the highest and best use of these land and water resources in an environmentally responsible way.
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For more than 20 years, we have maintained an agricultural development at our 34,000-acre property in the Cadiz Valley (“Cadiz/Fenner Property”), relying upon groundwater from the underlying aquifer system for irrigation. In 1993, we secured permits to develop agriculture on up to 9,600 acres of the Cadiz Valley property and withdraw more than one million acre-feet of groundwater from the underlying aquifer system. Since that time, we have maintained various levels of agriculture at the property and this operation has provided our principal source of revenue.
In addition to our sustainable agricultural operations, we believe that the long-term value of our land assets can best be derived through the development of a combination of water supply and storage projects at our properties. At present, the Company is primarily focused on the development of the Water Project, which will capture and conserve millions of acre-feet1 of native groundwater currently being lost to evaporation from the aquifer system beneath our Cadiz/Fenner Property and deliver it to water providers throughout Southern California (see “Water Resource Development”). We believe that the ultimate implementation of this Water Project will create the primary source of our future cash flow and, accordingly, our working capital requirements relate largely to the development activities associated with this Water Project.
The primary factor driving the value of such projects is continuing pressure on water supplies throughout California which has led to Southern California water providers to actively seek new, reliable supply solutions to plan for both short and long-term water needs. This includes environmental and regulatory restrictions on each of the State’s three main water sources: the State Water Project, which provides water supplies from Northern California to the central and southern parts of the state, the CRA and the Los Angeles Aqueduct. Southern California’s water providers rely on imports from these systems for a majority of their water supplies, but deliveries from all three into the region have been below capacity over the last several years.
Availability of supplies in California also differs greatly from year to year due to natural hydrological variability. In January 2014, California’s Governor declared a drought emergency for the entire state as a result of record-low winter precipitation and depleted reservoir storage levels. In April 2015, California entered its fourth year of drought, with more than 90% of the State in a severe drought condition, according to the United States Drought Monitor. In response, California Governor Jerry Brown issued an Executive Order on April 1, 2015, imposing the State’s first-ever mandatory 25% reduction in urban water use effective for the next 12 months. Also in April 2015, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California adopted mandatory rationing, which will limit the availability of imported supplies for water providers throughout the region.
In addition to our water resource development activities, we also continue to explore additional uses of our land and water resource assets, including new agricultural opportunities, the development of a land conservation bank on our properties outside the Water Project area and other long-term legacy uses of our properties, such as habitat conservation and cultural uses.

1 One acre-foot is equal to approximately 326,000 gallons or the volume of water that will cover an area of one acre to a depth of one-foot. An acre-foot is generally considered to be enough water to meet the annual water needs of one average California household.
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In addition to these development efforts, we will also pursue strategic investments in complementary business or infrastructure to meet our objectives. We cannot predict with certainty when or if these objectives will be realized.
Water Resource Development
The Water Project is designed to capture and conserve billions of gallons of renewable native groundwater currently being lost annually to evaporation from the aquifer system underlying our Cadiz/Fenner Property, and provide a reliable water supply to water users in Southern California. By implementing established groundwater management practices, the Water Project will create a new, sustainable water supply for project participants without adversely impacting the aquifer system or the desert environment. The total quantity of groundwater to be recovered and conveyed to Water Project participants will not exceed a long-term annual average of 50,000 acre-feet per year for 50 years. The Water Project also offers participants the ability to carry-over their annual supply, and store it in the groundwater basin from year to year. A second phase of the Water Project, Phase II, will offer approximately one million acre-feet of underground storage capacity that can be used to hold imported water supplies at the Water Project area.
Water Project facilities required for Phase I primarily include, among other things:

· | High yield wells designed to efficiently recover available native groundwater from beneath the Water Project area;

· | A water conveyance pipeline to deliver water from the well field to the CRA; and

· | An energy source to provide power to the well-field, pipeline and pumping plant.

If an imported water storage component of the Water Project is ultimately implemented in Phase II, the following additional facilities would be required, among other things:

· | A pumping plant to pump water through the conveyance pipeline from the CRA to the Water Project well-field; and

· | Spreading basins, which are shallow settling ponds that will be configured to efficiently percolate water from the ground surface down to the water table using subsurface storage capacity for the storage of water.

In general, several elements are needed to implement such a project: (1) a water conveyance pipeline right-of-way from the Water Project area to a delivery system; (2) storage and supply agreements with one or more public water agencies or private water utilities; (3) environmental/regulatory permits; and (4) construction and working capital. As described below, the first three elements have been progressed on a concurrent basis. The fourth is dependent on actions arising from the completion of the first three.
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(1) | A Water Conveyance Pipeline Right-of-Way from the Water Project Area to a Delivery System

In September 2008, we secured a right-of-way for the Water Project’s water conveyance pipeline by entering into a lease agreement with the Arizona & California Railroad Company (“ARZC”), which operates an active shortline railroad extending from Cadiz to Matthie, Arizona. The agreement allows for the use of a portion of the railroad’s right-of-way to construct and operate a water conveyance pipeline for a period up to 99 years. The buried pipeline would be constructed parallel to the railroad tracks and be used to convey water between our Cadiz/Fenner Property and the CRA in Freda, California.
Our lease agreement with the ARZC also expressly requires that the Project further several railroad purposes and, under the terms of the lease agreement, the ARZC reserved water supplies from the Project for its operational needs as well as access to Project facilities, such as roads and power appurtenances, for the benefit of its railroad operation. In September 2013, we also entered into a trackage rights agreement with the ARZC that would enable the operation of steam-powered, passenger excursion trains on the line powered by water made available from the pipeline.
The pipeline route was fully analyzed in the Water Project’s Final Environmental Impact Report (“EIR”) as part of the CEQA environmental review process completed in 2012 and was found to be the environmentally preferred route for the pipeline. Our plan to construct the Project pipeline within the railroad right-of-way is similar to, and modeled after, the thousands of other existing longitudinal uses of rail corridors in place across the United States today, such as telecommunications lines, natural gas and petroleum product lines and other water lines. Under the General Railroad Right-of-Way Act of March 3, 1875 (“1875 Act”), according to which many of these railroad corridors were established, a railroad can lease its property for third party uses without consent of the federal government so long as the use also serves railroad purposes. This interpretation of the 1875 Act was confirmed by Memorandum Opinion M-37025 issued by the Solicitor of the US Department of the Interior on November 4, 2011.
In August 2014, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management issued guidance (Instruction Memorandum No. 2014-122) to its field offices requiring the evaluation of all existing and proposed uses of 1875 Act railroad rights-of-way to determine whether or not they further a railroad purpose. If the BLM determines that a third-party use does further a railroad purpose, then the railroad or third parties authorized by it may proceed with the activity without further federal consent or involvement. If BLM determines that the proposed activity does not further a railroad purpose, then the railroad or third parties authorized by it will have to obtain a permit from BLM in order to proceed. We are currently in communication with the BLM regarding its assessment of the Project’s proposed use of the ARZC right-of-way and the numerous railroad purposes served, as directed by the new guidance. On April 1, 2015 we received notification from the BLM California office that it continues to analyze the Project’s proposed use of the ARZC right-of-way and expects to provide the results of its evaluation to the BLM Washington D.C. office by the conclusion of the summer.
In addition to this planned pipeline, we also acquired an unused natural gas pipeline (as described in “Existing Pipeline Asset” below) that exists in the Water Project area as a means to access additional distribution systems in Phase II of the Water Project. Initial feasibility studies indicate that this pipeline could be used as a component of the Water Project to distribute water to participants or import water for storage at the Water Project area in Phase II. The potential use of this pipeline was preliminarily analyzed as part of the Water Project’s EIR. Additional environmental review would be required prior to converting this line for water distribution.
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(2) | Storage and Supply Agreements with One or More Public Water Agencies or Private Water Utilities

In 2010 and 2011, we entered into option and environmental cost sharing agreements with six water providers: Santa Margarita Water District (“SMWD”), Golden State Water Company (a wholly owned subsidiary of American States Water [NYSE: AWR]), Three Valleys Municipal Water District, Suburban Water Systems (a wholly owned subsidiary of SouthWest Water Company), Jurupa Community Services District and California Water Service Company, the third largest investor-owned American water utility. The six water providers serve more than one million customers in cities throughout California’s San Bernardino, Riverside, Los Angeles, Orange, Imperial and Ventura Counties.
Following CEQA certification, SMWD was the first participant to convert its option agreement and adopt resolutions approving a Water Purchase and Sale Agreement for 5,000 acre-feet of water. The structure of the SMWD purchase agreement calls for an annually adjusted water supply payment, plus a pro rata portion of the capital recovery charge and operating and maintenance costs. The capital recovery charge is calculated by amortizing the total capital investment by the Company over a 30-year term. Under the terms of the option agreements with the other five water providers named above, each agency has the right to acquire an annual supply of 5,000 acre-feet of water at $775 per acre-foot (2010 dollars), which is competitive with their incremental cost of new water. In addition, these agencies have options to acquire storage rights in the Water Project to allow for the management of their Water Project supplies in complement with their other water resources. We are currently working with these water providers to convert their option agreements to definitive economic agreements.
In 2014, we also executed Letters of Intent (“LOIs”) with two California water providers and two California agricultural entities reserving up to 20,000 acre-feet of water per year from the Water Project at $960/acre-foot (2014 dollars) delivered to the Colorado River Aqueduct. In December 2014, we converted one of these LOIs with San Luis Water District (“San Luis”) to a Water Purchase and Sale Agreement (“PSA”) for 10,000 acre-feet per year. Under the terms of the PSA, San Luis will pay an initial price of $960 per acre-foot (“AF”)(2014 dollars) for water made available to it by the Project. The payment will be adjusted annually in accordance with the Bureau of Labor Statistics Water and Sewer Maintenance Index up to a maximum of five percent (5%) per year. San Luis also secured the right to acquire specified carry-over storage rights in the Water Project to achieve year-to-year flexibility in its use of water for $1,500 per AF and an annual management fee of $20 per AF of acquired storage capacity. The delivery of Project water to San Luis will be subject to an exchange with the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California or another eligible State Water Project contractor. The terms of any exchange will be finalized prior to commencement of Project construction.
We have executed LOIs, option agreements and purchase agreements that are in excess of Water Project capacity and are working collaboratively with the remaining water providers to account for any oversubscription as we progress final definitive PSAs.
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(3) | Environmental/Regulatory Permits

In order to properly develop and quantify the sustainability of the Water Project, and prior to initiating the formal permitting process for the Water Project, we commissioned environmental consulting firm CH2M HILL to complete a comprehensive study of the water resources at the Project area. Following a year of analysis, CH2M HILL released its study of the aquifer system in February 2010. Utilizing new models produced by the U.S. Geological Survey in 2006 and 2008, the study estimated the total groundwater in storage in the aquifer system to be between 17 and 34 million acre-feet, a quantity on par with Lake Mead, the nation’s largest surface reservoir. The study also identified a renewable annual supply of native groundwater in the aquifer system currently being lost to evaporation. CH2M HILL’s findings, which were peer reviewed by leading groundwater experts, confirmed that the aquifer system could sustainably support the Water Project.
Further, and also prior to beginning the formal environmental permitting process, we entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) with the Natural Heritage Institute (“NHI”), a leading global environmental organization committed to protecting aquatic ecosystems, to assist with our efforts to sustainably manage the development of our Cadiz/Fenner Property. As part of this “Green Compact”, we will follow stringent plans for groundwater management and habitat conservation.
As discussed in (2), above, we entered into environmental cost-sharing agreements with all participating water providers creating a framework for funds to be committed by each participant to share in the costs associated with the CEQA review work. SMWD served as the lead agency for the review process, which began in February 2011 with SMWD’s issuance of a Notice of Preparation (“NOP”) of a Draft Environmental Impact Report (“Draft EIR”).
Following two NOP public scoping meetings, SMWD released the Draft EIR in December 2011. The Draft EIR analyzed potential impacts to environmental resources at the Water Project area, including critical resources of the desert environment such as vegetation, mountain springs, and water and air quality. The analysis of the Water Project considered peer-reviewed technical reports, independently collected data, existing reports and the Project’s state of the art Groundwater Management, Monitoring and Mitigation Plan (“GMMMP”). SMWD held a 100-day public comment period for the Draft EIR, during which SMWD hosted two public comment meetings and an informational workshop.
In May 2012, SMWD, Cadiz and the County of San Bernardino also entered into a Memorandum of Understanding creating the framework for finalizing the GMMMP in accordance with the County’s desert groundwater ordinance.
In July 2012, SMWD released the Final EIR and responses to public comments. The Final EIR summarized that, with the exception of unavoidable short-term construction emissions, by implementing the measures developed in the GMMMP, the Project will avoid significant impacts to desert resources. A public hearing was held on July 25, 2012 by the SMWD Board of Directors to take public testimony and consider certification of the Final EIR. On July 31, 2012, the SMWD Board of Directors certified the Final EIR.
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Following SMWD’s certification of the Final EIR, the San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors voted on October 1, 2012 to approve the GMMMP for the Project and adopted certain findings under CEQA, becoming the first Responsible Agency to take an approving action pursuant to the certified EIR. San Bernardino County served as a Responsible Agency in the CEQA review process as the local government entity responsible for oversight over groundwater resources in the Cadiz Valley.
Third parties in California have the ability to challenge CEQA approvals in State Court and, in 2012, the Company was named as a real-party-in-interest in nine lawsuits challenging the various Water Project approvals granted by SMWD and San Bernardino County. In 2013, three cases were dismissed or otherwise settled. Trial in the six remaining cases, which were brought by two petitioners, began in December 2013 and concluded in February 2014. In September 2014, the Court issued final signed judgments (“Judgments”) formally denying all claims brought in the six lawsuits. The Judgments upheld the environmental review and approvals of the Water Project and also awarded costs to SMWD, the County, Cadiz and Fenner Valley Mutual Water Company as the prevailing parties in the cases. The Judgments served as the Court’s final actions in the six cases.
During the fourth quarter of 2014, the petitioners filed independent appeals of the six Judgments in the California Court of Appeals, Fourth District. See Item 3, “Legal Proceedings” for more information. These appeals were anticipated and are expected to be heard by the Appeals Court in the fourth quarter of 2015. The appeals process is not projected to have any impact on the Company’s ongoing implementation and pre-construction activities for the Water Project.
Because Water Project supplies must enter and be transported within the CRA to reach the Project’s customers, Metropolitan must also take action as a responsible agency under CEQA prior to construction of the Project regarding the terms and conditions of the Project’s use of the CRA. Water Project supplies will enter Metropolitan’s CRA in accordance with its published engineering and design standards and subject to all applicable fees and charges routinely established by Metropolitan for the conveyance of water within its service territory. Water Project supplies must also meet all water quality standards established by Metropolitan prior to entering the CRA. Cadiz water has historically met every state and federal maximum contaminant level (“MCL”) for water quality. However, in 2014, the State of California adopted the first-ever standard for Chromium 6, a heavy metal that can naturally occur in groundwater when manganese oxides, at 10 parts per billion (“ppb”). We have determined that some of our wells contain naturally occurring Chromium 6 in levels that slightly exceed the MCL and therefore expect our water would need to be treated, or blended with water lower in Chromium 6, prior to entering the CRA. We have participated in research and development of Chromium 6 treatment technologies over the last 12 months and believe that we can meet this standard in a cost-effective manner. Potential costs have been factored into our estimates for capital expenditures and operations and maintenance. We expect Metropolitan to consider the terms and conditions of transportation for our customers’ water later this year.

(4) | Construction and Working Capital

As part of the Water Purchase and Sale Agreement with SMWD referred to in (2), above, SMWD is further authorized to continue next steps with the Company, which includes final permitting, design and construction.
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As described above, construction of Phase I of the Water Project would primarily consist of wellfield facilities at the Project site, a conveyance pipeline extending approximately 43 miles along the right-of-way described in (1), above, from the wellfield to the CRA, and an energy source to pump water through the conveyance pipeline between the Project well-field and the CRA. The construction of these facilities will require capital financing, which is expected to be secured by the new facility assets. The Company’s existing corporate term debt (see Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources”) provides us the flexibility to incorporate Water Project construction financing within our current debt structure.
Existing wells at the Cadiz/Fenner Property currently in use for our agricultural operations will be integrated into the Water Project well-field, reducing the number of wells that must be constructed prior to Project implementation.
Existing Pipeline Asset
As described above (see “Water Resource Development”), we currently hold ownership rights to a 96-mile existing idle natural gas pipeline from the Cadiz/Fenner Property to Barstow, California that would be converted for the transportation of water.
In September 2011, we entered into an agreement with El Paso Natural Gas (“EPNG”), a subsidiary of Kinder Morgan Inc., providing us with rights to purchase approximately 220-miles of idle, natural gas pipeline between Bakersfield and Cadiz, California for $40 million.
Initial feasibility studies indicated that upon conversion, the 30-inch line could transport between 20,000 and 30,000 acre-feet of water per year between the Water Project area and various points along the Central and Northern California water transportation network. In February 2012, we made a $1 million payment to EPNG to extend our option to purchase the 220-mile line until April 2013.
In December 2012, we entered into a new agreement with EPNG dividing the 220-mile pipeline in Barstow, California, with the Company gaining ownership rights to the 96-mile eastern segment between Barstow and the Cadiz Valley and returning to EPNG rights to the 124-mile western segment for its own use. The 96-mile eastern portion from the Cadiz Valley to Barstow was identified as the most critical segment of the line for accessing the state’s water transportation infrastructure. The Barstow area serves as a hub for water delivered from northern and central California to communities in Southern California’s High Desert.
In consideration of the new agreement, EPNG reduced the purchase price of the 96-mile eastern segment to $1 (one dollar), plus previous option payments totaling $1.07 million already made by the Company. On April 11, 2014, the Company paid the remaining purchase price of $1 (one dollar) and secured ownership of the asset. In addition, the agreement provides that if EPNG files for regulatory approval of any new use of the 124-mile western segment by December 2015, EPNG will make a payment of $10 million to the Company on the date the application for regulatory approval is filed. If the $10 million payment is not made by EPNG, the Company will have a further three-year option to acquire the additional 124-mile western segment for $20 million.
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The 96-mile Cadiz-Barstow pipeline creates significant opportunities for our water resource development efforts. Once converted to water use, the pipeline can be used to directly connect the Cadiz area to northern and central California water sources, serving a growing need for additional locations for storage of water south of the Bay Delta region. In addition, the 96-mile pipeline creates new opportunities to deliver water, either directly or via exchange, to potential customers in San Bernardino and Kern Counties, areas which do not currently have an interconnection point with the Project. When both the 96-mile line and the 43-mile pipeline to the CRA become operational, the Cadiz Project would link the two major water delivery systems in California providing flexible opportunities for both supply and storage.
The entire EPNG pipeline was evaluated in the Water Project’s EIR during the CEQA process at a programmatic level. Any use of the line would be conducted in conformity with the Project’s GMMMP and is subject to further CEQA evaluation (see “Water Resource Development”, above).
Agricultural Development
Within the Cadiz/Fenner Property, 9,600 acres have been zoned for agriculture and the Company has developed a total of 1,920 acres of the property for agricultural operations. The infrastructure currently includes six wells that are interconnected within a portion of this acreage for current agricultural use, and three additional production wells, with the nine wells together having total annual production capacity of approximately 20,000 acre-feet of water. Additionally, there are housing and kitchen facilities that support up to 300 employees. If the entire 9,600 acres were developed and irrigated, total water usage would be approximately 40,000 – 50,000 acre-feet per year depending on the crop mix. The underlying groundwater, fertile soil, and desert temperatures are well suited for a wide variety of fruits and vegetables.
Permanent crops in production currently include 160 acres of vineyard used to produce dried-on-the-vine raisins and 340 acres of lemon orchards. All crops are farmed using sustainable agricultural practices.
We currently derive our agricultural revenues through direct farming and sale of our products into the market or through the lease of our agricultural properties to third parties for farming. The entire organic raisin crop grown at the property is farmed by the Company and we incur all of the costs required to produce and harvest the crop. The harvested raisins are then sold in bulk to a raisin processing facility.
Approximately 340 acres of lemons are presently being farmed under a 2013 lease agreement with Limoneira Company (“Limoneira”). Limoneira has planted 140 acres of new lemons since 2013 under the lease agreement. In January 2015, Limoneira also acquired 200 acres of young lemon trees and associated irrigation lines from the Company and one of its leasing tenants for approximately $1.2 million and amended its lease with us to include the additional 200 acres. Under the amended lease agreement, Limoneira now has the right to plant up to an additional 1,140 acres of lemons over the next three years. In conjunction with the new plantings of lemons, the Company elected to remove its existing older 240 acres of lemons that had reached the end of their commercial life. All lemons grown on the property are now pursuant to the lease with Limoneira.
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In consideration for the lease arrangement, Limoneira provides an annual base rent and will also provide a profit-sharing payment once its lemon orchards reach commercial production.
Agricultural revenues will vary from year to year based on the number of acres in development, crop yields, and prices. We do not expect that our agricultural revenues will be material to our overall results of operations once the Water Project is fully operational. However, our agricultural operations are expected to be maintained in complement with the Water Project to provide added value to Project operations.
Additional Eastern Mojave Properties
We also own approximately 11,000 acres outside of the Cadiz/Fenner Valley area in other parts of the Mojave Desert in eastern San Bernardino County.
Our primary landholding outside of the Cadiz area is approximately 9,000 acres in the Piute Valley. This landholding is located approximately 15 miles from the resort community of Laughlin, Nevada, and about 12 miles from the Colorado River town of Needles, California. Extensive hydrological studies, including the drilling and testing of a full-scale production well, have demonstrated that this landholding is underlain by high-quality groundwater. The aquifer system underlying this property is naturally recharged by precipitation (both rain and snow) within a watershed of approximately 975 square miles and could be suitable for a water supply project, agricultural development or solar energy production. Certain of these properties are located in or adjacent to areas designated by the federal government as Critical Desert Tortoise Habitat and/or Desert Wilderness Areas and are suitable candidates for preservation and conservation.
Additionally, we own acreage located near Danby Dry Lake, approximately 30 miles southeast of our Cadiz/Fenner Valley properties. The Danby Dry Lake property is located approximately 10 miles north of the CRA. Initial hydrological studies indicate that the area has excellent potential for a water supply project. Certain of the properties in this area may also be suitable for agricultural development and/or preservation and conservation.
Land Conservation Bank
As stated above, approximately 10,000 acres of our properties outside of the Cadiz/Fenner Valley area are located within terrain designated by the federal government as Critical Desert Tortoise Habitat and/or Desert Wilderness Areas and have limited development opportunities. In February 2015, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife approved our establishment of the Fenner Valley Desert Tortoise Conservation Bank (“Fenner Bank”), a land conservation bank that makes available approximately 7,500 acres of our properties located within Critical Desert Tortoise Habitat for mitigation of impacts to tortoise and other sensitive species that would be caused by development in the Southern California desert. Under its enabling documents, the Fenner Bank will offer credits that can be acquired by entities that must mitigate or offset impacts linked to planned development. For example, this bank could potentially service the mitigation requirements of numerous utility-scale solar development projects being considered throughout Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, or military, residential and commercial development in approved areas throughout the desert. Credits sold by the Fenner Bank will fund our permanent preservation of the land as well as research by outside entities into desert tortoise health and species protection.
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Other Opportunities
Other opportunities in the water and agricultural or related infrastructure business complementary to our current objectives could provide new opportunities for our Company.
Over the longer term, we believe the population of Southern California, Nevada and Arizona will continue to grow, and that, in time, the economics of commercial and residential development at our properties may become attractive.
We remain committed to the sustainable use of our land and water assets, and will continue to explore all opportunities for environmentally responsible development of these assets. We cannot predict with certainty which of these various opportunities will ultimately be utilized.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2015, Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
We have not received significant revenues from our water resource and real estate development activity to date. Our revenues have been limited to our agricultural operations. As a result, we have historically incurred a net loss from operations. We had revenues of $18 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2015, and $4 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2014. We incurred a net loss of $4.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015, compared with a $4.7 million net loss during the three months ended March 31, 2014.
Our primary expenses are our ongoing overhead costs associated with the development of the Water Project (i.e., general and administrative expense) and our interest expense. We will continue to incur non-cash expenses in connection with our management and director equity incentive compensation plans.
Revenues Revenue totaled $18 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2015, compared to $4 thousand during the three months ended March 31, 2014.
Cost of Sales Cost of sales were zero for each of the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.
General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses were $2.7 million during each of the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. Non-cash compensation costs for stock and option awards are included in General and Administrative Expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses, exclusive of stock-based compensation costs, totaled $2.4 million and $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The decrease in general and administrative expenses in 2015 was primarily related to lower litigation costs related to the Water Project due to the timing of the administrative trial (see “Water Resource Development”, above).
Compensation costs from stock and option awards for the three months ended March 31, 2015, were $260 thousand, compared with $30 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2014. The higher 2015 expense primarily reflects the vesting schedules of stock awards under the 2014 equity incentive plan.
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Depreciation Depreciation expense totaled $61 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and $64 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2014.
Interest Expense, net Net interest expense totaled $2.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015, compared to $2.0 million during the same period in 2014. The following table summarizes the components of net interest expense for the two periods (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
| 2015 |  | 2014
Interest on outstanding debt |  | $ | 1,971 |  |  | $ | 1,838 |
Amortization of debt discount |  |  | 164 |  |  |  | 152 |
Amortization of deferred loan costs |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 55 |
|  | $ | 2,193 |  |  | $ | 2,045 |

Other Income, net Net other income for the three months ended March 31, 2015, was $70 thousand and zero for the three months ended March 31, 2014. The amount recorded in 2015 is in connection with a lease modification fee related to the amended lease agreement with Limoneira Company. See “Agricultural Development”, above.
Income Taxes Income tax expense totaled $1 thousand for each of the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - “Income Taxes”.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Current Financing Arrangements
As we have not received significant revenues from our development activities to date, we have been required to obtain financing to bridge the gap between the time water resource and other development expenses are incurred and the time that revenue will commence. Historically, we have addressed these needs primarily through secured debt financing arrangements, private equity placements and the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants. We have also worked with our secured lenders to structure our debt in a way which allows us to continue development of the Water Project and minimize the dilution of the ownership interests of common stockholders.
In March 2013, we refinanced our term debt. The major components of the March 2013 refinancing included:

I. | A $30 million senior term loan secured by the underlying assets of the Company (the “Senior Secured Debt”) that accrues interest at 8% per annum and requires no principal or interest payments before maturity in March 2016; and

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II. | $53.5 million in convertible notes (the “Convertible Notes”) that accrue interest at 7% per annum with no principal or interest payments required before maturity in March 2018.

We believe that by breaking our debt into two components, we now have the flexibility to incorporate project financing for the Water Project, as necessary, into our current debt structure. While the senior term loan would be required to be taken out by any necessary project financing, the $53.5 million of Convertible Notes have been designed to allow project financing to be placed ahead of it in terms of priority.
On October 30, 2013, we entered into an agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with our majority senior lender, MSD Credit Opportunity Master Fund, L.P. (“MSD Credit”), to increase the existing $30 million senior secured mortgage loan by $10 million to fund additional working capital. This $10 million tranche accrues interest at 8% per annum and requires no principal or interest payments prior to maturity on June 30, 2017. The $10 million and the original $30 million are both secured by the underlying assets of the Company, including all landholdings and infrastructure. The Credit Agreement also now provides that in the case of certain asset sales unrelated to the Water Project, the Company would retain for working capital purposes up to 50% of the first $10 million of sales, with the remainder requiring mandatory prepayment of the Senior Secured Debt. In addition, as part of this transaction, we issued 700,000 shares of Cadiz Inc. common stock to MSD Credit subject to certain restrictions on resale.
Both the Senior Secured Debt and the Convertible Notes contain representations, warranties and covenants that are typical for agreements of this type, including restrictions that would limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, incur liens, pay dividends or make restricted payments, dispose of assets, make investments and merge or consolidate with another person. However, while there are affirmative covenants, there are no financial maintenance covenants and no restrictions on our ability to issue additional common stock to fund future working capital needs. The debt covenants associated with the new loans were negotiated by the parties with a view towards our operating and financial condition as it existed at the time the agreements were executed. At March 31, 2015, we were in compliance with our debt covenants.
As we continue to actively pursue our business strategy, additional financing may continue to be required. See “Outlook”, below. The covenants in the term debt do not prohibit our use of additional equity financing and allow us to retain 100% of the proceeds of any equity financing. We do not expect the loan covenants to materially limit our ability to finance our water development activities.
At March 31, 2015, we had no outstanding credit facilities other than the Senior Secured Debt and the Convertible Notes described above.
Cash Used for Operating Activities. Cash used for operating activities totaled $2.6 million and $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The cash was primarily used to fund general and administrative expenses related to our water development efforts and litigation costs for the three month periods ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. The decrease in cash used for operating activities in 2015 resulted primarily from a decrease in litigation costs related to the Water Project due to the timing of the administrative trial (see “Water Resource Development”, above).
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Cash Used for Investing Activities. Cash used for investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2015 was $19 thousand compared with zero during the same period in 2014.
Cash Used for Financing Activities. Cash used for financing activities for each of the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was $3 thousand.
Outlook
Short-Term Outlook. Our cash resources of $13.5 million as of March 31, 2015 provide us with sufficient funds to meet our expected working capital needs through the end of February 2016. Our existing first mortgage debt obligation of $35.4 million comes due in March 2016. Based on our progress with the Water Project, we will need to extinguish, extend, or replace this debt obligation prior to that time. We have engaged an investment bank and are currently pursuing an alternative for the first mortgage obligation that is compatible with the construction financing needs necessary for implementation of the Water Project. Should we require additional working capital to fund operations, we expect to continue our historical practice of structuring our financing arrangements to match the anticipated needs of our development activities. See “Long-Term Outlook”. No assurances can be given, however, as to the availability or terms of any new financing.
Long-Term Outlook. We will need to raise additional capital to finance working capital needs, capital expenditures and any payments due under our Senior Secured Debt or our Convertible Notes at maturity (see “Current Financing Arrangements”, above).
Our future working capital needs will depend upon the specific measures we pursue in the entitlement and development of our water resources and other developments. Future capital expenditures will depend primarily on the progress of the Water Project.
We are evaluating the amount of cash needed, and the manner in which such cash will be raised, on an ongoing basis. We may meet any future cash requirements through a variety of means, including equity or debt placements, or through the sale or other disposition of assets. Equity placements would be undertaken only to the extent necessary, so as to minimize the dilutive effect of any such placements upon our existing stockholders. Limitations on our liquidity and ability to raise capital may adversely affect us. Sufficient liquidity is critical to meet our resource development activities. Although we currently expect our sources of capital to be sufficient to meet our near-term liquidity needs, there can be no assurance that our liquidity requirements will continue to be satisfied. If the Company cannot raise needed funds, it might be forced to make substantial reductions in its operating expenses, which could adversely affect its ability to implement its current business plan and ultimately its viability as a company.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements – “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”.
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ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
As of March 31, 2015, all of the Company's indebtedness bore interest at fixed rates; therefore, the Company is not exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates on long-term debt obligations.
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information related to the Company, including its consolidated entities, is accumulated and communicated to senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer (the “Principal Executive Officer”) and Chief Financial Officer (the “Principal Financial Officer”) and to its Board of Directors. Based on their evaluation as of March 31, 2015, the Company's Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive and principal financial officers as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
In connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, there was no change identified in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal controls over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
Securities Related Class Action Lawsuit
On April 24, 2015, a putative class action lawsuit, entitled Van Wingerden v. Cadiz Inc., et al., No. 2:15-cv-03080-JAK-JEM, was filed against Cadiz and certain of its directors and officers (“Defendants”) in the United States District Court for the Central District of California purporting to assert claims for violation of §§ 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The complaint, which purports to be brought on behalf of all Cadiz shareholders, alleges that the Defendants have made false and misleading statements regarding the Company’s business and prospects. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary damages and other relief. The Company believes that the purported class action lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously defend the action.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. Other Information
Not applicable.
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ITEM 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

| 31.1 | Certification of Scott S. Slater, Chief Executive Officer of Cadiz Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

| 31.2 | Certification of Timothy J. Shaheen, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of Cadiz Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

| 32.1 | Certification of Scott S. Slater, Chief Executive Officer of Cadiz Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

| 32.2 | Certification of Timothy J. Shaheen, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of Cadiz Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

| 99.1 | Letter dated April 1, 2015 from the Bureau of Land Management

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Cadiz Inc.

By: | /s/ Scott S. Slater | May 8, 2015
| Scott S. Slater | Date
| Chief Executive Officer and President |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |
By: | /s/ Timothy J. Shaheen | May 8, 2015
| Timothy J. Shaheen | Date
| Chief Financial Officer and Secretary |
| (Principal Financial Officer) |
|  | Index

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