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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates As further discussed in Note 14, "Commitments and Contingencies," the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 ("COVID-19") pandemic and the related economic, business and market disruptions continues to evolve and its future effects remain uncertain. The impact of these developments on the Company will depend on numerous factors, many of which are beyond management's control and knowledge. It is therefore difficult to assess or predict with precision the broad future effect of this health crisis on the global economy, the energy industry or the Company. During 2020 and 2021, the Company recorded asset impairments, severance and restructuring charges in response to these developments, as further discussed in Note 3, "Asset Impairments and Other Restructuring Items." As additional information becomes available, events or circumstances change and strategic operational decisions are made by management, further adjustments may be required which could have a material adverse impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the use of estimates and assumptions by management in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Examples of such estimates include, but are not limited to, goodwill and long-lived asset impairments, revenue and income recognized over time, valuation allowances recorded on deferred tax assets, reserves on inventory, allowances for doubtful accounts, settlement of litigation and potential future adjustments related to contractual indemnification and other agreements. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents All highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less are classified as cash equivalents. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company's financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, investments, receivables, payables and debt instruments. The Company believes that the carrying values of these instruments, other than the 2023 Notes (as defined below) and 2026 Notes (as defined below), on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets approximate their fair values. The estimated fair value of the 2023 Notes as of December 31, 2021 was $24.3 million based on quoted market prices (a Level 2 fair value measurement), which compares to the principal amount of $26.0 million. The estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes as of December 31, 2021 was $122.9 million based on quoted market prices (a Level 2 fair value measurement), which compares to the principal amount of $135.0 million. Inventories Inventories consist of consumable oilfield products, manufactured equipment, spare parts for manufactured equipment, and work-in-process. Inventories also include raw materials, labor, subcontractor charges, manufacturing overhead and supplies and are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventories is determined on an average cost or specific- identification method. A reserve for excess and/or obsolete inventory is maintained based on the age, turnover, condition, expected near-term utility and market pricing of the goods. Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost, or at estimated fair market value at acquisition date if acquired in a business combination, and depreciation is computed, for assets owned or recorded under a finance lease, using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, after allowing for estimated salvage value where applicable. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the lesser of the life of the lease or the estimated useful life of the asset. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense when incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments, which extend the useful lives of existing equipment, are capitalized and depreciated. Upon retirement or disposition of property and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in the statements of operations. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess after impairments, if applicable, of the purchase price for acquired businesses over the allocated fair value of related net assets. In accordance with current accounting guidance, the Company does not amortize goodwill, but rather assesses goodwill for impairment annually (as of December 1) and when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. In the evaluation of goodwill, each reporting unit with goodwill on its balance sheet is assessed separately using relevant events and circumstances. Management estimates the fair value of each reporting unit and compares that fair value to its recorded carrying value. Management utilizes, depending on circumstances, a combination of valuation methodologies including a market approach and an income approach, as well as guideline public company comparables. Projected cash flows are discounted using a long-term weighted average cost of capital for each reporting unit based on estimates of investment returns that would be required by a market participant. As part of the process of assessing goodwill for potential impairment, the total market capitalization of the Company is compared to the sum of the fair values of all reporting units to assess the reasonableness of aggregated fair values. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill is considered impaired and an impairment loss is recorded based on the excess of the carrying amount over the reporting unit's fair value. As further discussed in Note 5, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," the Company recognized non-cash goodwill impairment charges of $406.1 million in the first quarter of 2020 and $165.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2019. Long-Lived Assets The Company amortizes the cost of long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets, over their estimated useful life. The recoverability of the carrying values of long-lived assets is assessed at the asset group level whenever, in management's judgment, events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such asset groups may not be recoverable based on estimated undiscounted future cash flows. If this assessment indicates that the carrying values will not be recoverable, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset group is recognized. The fair value of the asset group is based on appraised values, prices of similar assets (if available), or discounted cash flows. As further discussed in Note 4, "Details of Selected Balance Sheet Accounts," and Note 7, "Operating Leases," the Company recognized non-cash asset impairment charges totaling $4.2 million, $12.4 million and $33.7 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, to reduce the carrying value of certain equipment and facilities (owned and leased) to their estimated realizable value. Based on the Company's review, the carrying values of its other long-lived assets are recoverable, and no additional impairment losses were recorded during the periods presented. Leases The Company leases a portion of its facilities, office space, equipment and vehicles under contracts which provide it with the right to control identified assets. The Company recognizes the right to use identified assets under operating leases (with an initial term of greater than 12 months) as operating lease assets and the related obligations to make payments under the lease arrangements as operating lease liabilities. Finance lease obligations, which are not material, are classified within long-term debt while related assets are included within property, plant and equipment. Lease assets and liabilities are recorded at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for as a single lease component. Most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit interest rate. Therefore, the Company's incremental borrowing rate, based on available information at the lease commencement date, is used to determine the present value of lease payments. Most of the Company's operating leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 20 years. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company's sole discretion. The depreciable lives of lease-related assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term. Certain operating lease agreements include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation. The Company's operating lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. While the Company rents or subleases certain real estate to third parties, such amounts are not material. Cash outflows related to operating leases are presented within cash flows from operations. Research and Development Costs Costs incurred internally in researching and developing products are charged to expense until technological feasibility has been established for the product. Research and development expenses totaled $4.4 million, $6.1 million and $7.0 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are reported within cost of revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Foreign Currency and Other Comprehensive Loss A portion of revenues, earnings and net investments in operations outside the United States are exposed to changes in currency exchange rates. The Company seeks to manage its currency exchange risk in part through operational means, including managing expected local currency revenues in relation to local currency costs and local currency assets in relation to local currency liabilities. In order to reduce exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, the Company may enter into currency exchange agreements with financial institutions. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had no outstanding foreign currency forward purchase contracts. Gains and losses resulting from balance sheet translation of international operations where the local currency is the functional currency are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders' equity and represent substantially all of the accumulated other comprehensive loss balance. Remeasurements of intercompany advances denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity that are of a long-term investment nature are recognized as a separate component of other comprehensive loss within stockholders' equity. Gains and losses resulting from balance sheet remeasurements of assets and liabilities denominated in a different currency than the functional currency, other than intercompany advances that are of a long-term investment nature, are included in the consolidated statements of operations within "Other operating income, net" as incurred and were not material during the periods presented. Revenue and Cost Recognition The Company's revenue contracts may include one or more promises to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, which is referred to as a "performance obligation," and to which revenue is allocated. The Company recognizes revenue and the related cost when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied. The majority of significant contracts for custom engineered products have a single performance obligation as no individual good or service is separately identifiable from other performance obligations in the contracts. For contracts with multiple distinct performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to the identified performance obligations in the contract. The Company's product sales terms do not include significant post-performance obligations. The Company's performance obligations may be satisfied at a point in time or over time as work progresses. Revenues from products and services transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for approximately 35%, 38% and 34% of consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The majority of the Company's revenue recognized at a point in time is derived from short-term contracts for standard products. Revenue on these contracts is recognized when control over the product has transferred to the customer. Indicators the Company considers in determining when transfer of control to the customer occurs include: right to payment for the product, transfer of legal title to the customer, transfer of physical possession of the product, transfer of risk and customer acceptance of the product. Revenues from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for approximately 65%, 62% and 66% of consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The majority of the Company's revenue recognized over time is for services provided under short-term contracts, with revenue recognized as the customer receives and consumes the services. In addition, the Company manufactures certain products to individual customer specifications under short-term contracts for which control passes to the customer as the performance obligations are fulfilled and for which revenue is recognized over time. For significant project-related contracts involving custom engineered products within the Offshore/Manufactured Products segment (also referred to as "project-driven products"), revenues are typically recognized over time using an input measure such as the percentage of costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion for each contract (cost-to-cost method). Contract costs include labor, material and overhead. Management believes this method is the most appropriate measure of progress on large contracts. Billings on such contracts in excess of costs incurred and estimated profits are classified as a contract liability (deferred revenue). Costs incurred and estimated profits in excess of billings on these contracts are recognized as a contract asset (a component of accounts receivable). Contract estimates for project-related contracts involving custom engineered products are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that may span several years. Changes in assumptions that may affect future project costs and margins include production efficiencies, the complexity of the work to be performed and the availability and costs of labor, materials and subcomponents. As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of the Company's contracts, contract-related estimates are reviewed regularly. The Company recognizes adjustments in estimated costs and profits on contracts in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss will be incurred on the contract, the full loss is recognized in the period it is identified. Product costs and service costs include all direct material and labor costs and those costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools and repairs. As disclosed in the consolidated statements of operations, product costs and service costs exclude depreciation and amortization expense and impairment of fixed assets, which are separately presented. Selling, general and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, and that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of products. Proceeds from customers for the cost of oilfield rental equipment that is damaged or lost downhole are reflected as gains or losses on the disposition of assets after considering the write-off of the remaining net book value of the equipment. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $153.6 million of remaining backlog related to contracts with an original expected duration of greater than one year. Approximately 40% of this remaining backlog is expected to be recognized as revenue in 2022 and the balance thereafter. Income Taxes The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recorded based upon the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws in effect at the time the underlying assets or liabilities are recovered or settled. As of December 31, 2021, the Company's total investment in foreign subsidiaries is considered to be permanently reinvested outside of the United States. The Company accounts for the U.S. tax effect of global intangible low-taxed income earned by foreign subsidiaries in the period that such income is earned. The Company records a valuation allowance in the reporting period when management believes that it is more likely than not that any deferred tax asset will not be realized. This assessment requires analysis of changes in tax laws as well as available positive and negative evidence, including consideration of losses in recent years, reversals of temporary differences, forecasts of future income and assessment of future business and tax planning strategies. During 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded valuation allowances primarily with respect to foreign and U.S. state net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards. The calculation of tax liabilities involves assessing uncertainties regarding the application of complex tax regulations. Uncertain tax positions are accounted for using a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. If management ultimately determines that payment of these amounts is unnecessary, the liability is reversed and a tax benefit is recognized during the period in which management determines that the liability is no longer necessary. An additional charge is recorded as a provision for taxes in the period in which management determines that the recorded tax liability is less than the expected ultimate assessment. Receivables and Concentration of Credit Risk Based on the nature of its customer base, the Company does not believe that it has any significant concentrations of credit risk other than its concentration in the worldwide oil and gas industry. Note 13, "Segments and Related Information," provides further information with respect to the Company's geographic revenues and significant customers. The Company evaluates the credit-worthiness of significant customers' financial condition and, generally, the Company does not require significant collateral from its customers. Allowances for Doubtful Accounts The Company maintains allowances for estimated losses resulting from the inability of the Company's customers to make required payments. Determination of the collectability of amounts due from customers requires management to make judgments regarding future events and trends. Allowances for doubtful accounts are established through an assessment of the Company's portfolio on an individual customer and consolidated basis taking into account current and expected future market conditions and trends. This process consists of a thorough review of historical collection experience, current aging status of customer accounts, and financial condition of the Company's customers as well as political and economic factors in countries of operations and other customer-specific factors. Based on a review of these factors, the Company establishes or adjusts allowances for trade and unbilled receivables as well as contract assets. If the financial condition of the Company's customers were to deteriorate further, adversely affecting their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. If a customer receivable is deemed to be uncollectible, the receivable is charged-off against allowance for doubtful accounts. Earnings per Share Basic earnings per share ("EPS") on the face of the accompanying consolidated statements of operations is computed by dividing the net income or loss applicable to the Company's common stockholders by the weighted average shares of outstanding common stock. The calculation of diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS, except that the denominator includes dilutive common stock equivalents and the income or loss in the numerator excludes the impact, if any, of dilutive common stock equivalents. Diluted EPS includes the effect, if dilutive, of the Company's outstanding stock options, restricted stock and convertible securities under the treasury stock method. Currently issued and outstanding shares of restricted stock remain subject to vesting requirements. The Company is required to compute EPS amounts under the two class method in periods with earnings. Holders of shares of unvested restricted stock are entitled to the same liquidation and dividend rights as holders of outstanding common stock and are thus considered participating securities. Under applicable accounting guidance, undistributed earnings, if any, for each period are allocated based on the participation rights of both the common stockholders and holders of any participating securities as if earnings for the respective periods had been distributed. Because both the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis. Stock-Based Compensation The fair value of share-based payments is estimated using the quoted market price of the Company's common stock and pricing models as of the date of grant as further discussed in Note 11, "Long-Term Incentive and Deferred Compensation Plans." The resulting cost, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the awards, usually the vesting period. In addition to service-based awards, the Company issues performance-based awards, which are conditional based upon Company performance. Performance-based award expense, and ultimate vesting, is recognized in an amount that depends on the Company's probable achievement of specified performance objectives. Guarantees Some product sales in the Offshore/Manufactured Products segment are sold with an assurance warranty, generally ranging from 12 to 18 months. Parts and labor are covered under the terms of the warranty agreement. Warranty provisions are estimated based upon historical experience by product, configuration and geographic region. During the ordinary course of business, the Company also provides standby letters of credit or other guarantee instruments to certain parties as required for certain transactions initiated by either the Company or its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2021, the maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make under these guarantee agreements (letters of credit) was $16.1 million. The Company has not recorded any liability in connection with these guarantee arrangements. The Company does not believe, based on historical experience and information currently available, that it is likely that any material amounts will be required to be paid under these guarantee arrangements. Accounting for Contingencies The Company has contingent liabilities and future claims for which estimates of the amount of the eventual cost to liquidate such liabilities are accrued. These liabilities and claims sometimes involve threatened or actual litigation where damages have been quantified and an assessment of exposure has been made and recorded in an amount estimated to cover the expected loss. Other claims or liabilities have been estimated based on their fair value or management's experience in such matters and, when appropriate, the advice of outside counsel or other outside experts. Upon the ultimate resolution of these uncertainties, future reported financial results will be impacted by the difference between the accruals and actual amounts paid in settlement. Examples of areas with important estimates of future liabilities include duties, income taxes, litigation, insurance claims and contractual claims and obligations. Recent Accounting Pronouncements From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB"), which are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption. In August 2020, the FASB issued updated guidance to simplify the accounting for convertible instruments and contracts in an entity's own equity (referred to as "ASU 2020-06"). This guidance eliminated the requirement that the carrying value of convertible debt instruments, such as the Company's 1.50% convertible senior notes due 2023 (the "2023 Notes"), be allocated between debt and equity components. As permitted under the standard, the Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2021, using the modified retrospective transition method. Adoption of the standard resulted in a $12.2 million increase in the net carrying value of the 2023 Notes, a $2.7 million decrease in deferred income taxes and a $9.5 million net decrease in stockholders' equity. The effective interest rate associated with the 2023 Notes after adoption decreased from approximately 6% to approximately 2%, which compares to the contractual interest rate of 1.50%. As further discussed in Note 6, "Long-term Debt," the Company issued $135.0 million principal amount of its 4.75% convertible senior notes due 2026 (the "2026 Notes") on March 19, 2021, which have been accounted for in accordance with the provisions of ASU 2020-06.

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