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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was calculated using a discrete approach. This methodology was used because changes in the Company's results of operations and non-deductible expenses can materially impact the estimated annual effective tax rate. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company's income tax expense was $0.9 million on pre-tax income of $1.4 million, which included certain non-deductible expenses, discrete tax items and a favorable change in valuation allowances recorded against deferred tax assets. This compares to an income tax expense of $1.8 million on a pre-tax loss of $3.4 million, which included the impact of changes in valuation allowances recorded against tax assets as well as certain non-deductible expenses and discrete tax items, for the three months ended June 30, 2022.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company's income tax expense was $2.5 million on pre-tax income of $5.2 million, which included certain non-deductible expenses, discrete tax items and a favorable change in valuation allowances recorded against deferred tax assets. This compares to an income tax expense of $5.2 million on a pre-tax loss of $9.3 million, which included the impact of valuation allowances recorded against tax assets as well as certain non-deductible expenses and discrete tax items, for the six months ended June 30, 2022.