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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was calculated using a discrete approach. This methodology was used because changes in the Company’s results of operations and non-deductible expenses can materially impact the estimated annual effective tax rate.
For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company’s income tax expense was $2.2 million on a pre-tax loss of $12.1 million, which included unfavorable changes in valuation allowances recorded against deferred tax assets and certain non-deductible expenses. This compares to an income tax expense of $0.2 million on pre-tax income of $4.4 million, which included certain non-deductible expenses, discrete tax items and a reduction in valuation allowances recorded against deferred tax assets, for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company’s income tax expense was $1.6 million on a pre-tax loss of $24.8 million, which included a $10.0 million goodwill impairment charge (approximately $7.7 million of which was non-deductible), other non-deductible expenses and unfavorable changes in valuation allowances recorded against deferred tax assets. This compares to an income tax expense of $2.7 million on pre-tax income of $9.6 million, which included certain non-deductible expenses, discrete tax items and a reduction in valuation allowances recorded against deferred tax assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.