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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The Company has determined its interim tax provision projecting an estimated annual effective tax rate. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded income tax expense of $6.5 million, yielding an effective tax rate of 33.1%. The effective tax rate of 33.1% differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 35% due primarily to $0.4 million of excess tax benefits from the vesting of stock awards. The tax benefits were partially offset by the additional income tax expense recorded in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded income tax expense of $19.0 million, yielding an effective tax rate of 32.6%. The effective tax rate of 32.6% differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 35% due primarily to $1.7 million of excess tax benefits from the vesting of stock awards. The tax benefits were partially offset by the additional income tax expense recorded in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business.
The Company implemented ASU 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" on January 1, 2017. As of January 1, 2017, any excess tax benefits or deficiencies from the vesting of stock awards are recognized through the income tax provision as opposed to common stock. For Restricted Stock, the Company receives an excess income tax benefit calculated as the tax effect of the difference between the fair market value of the stock at the time of grant and vesting. The Company also records tax benefits on dividends paid on Restricted Stock. This change is required to be applied prospectively to all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies after the date of adoption of the ASU. No adjustment is recorded for any windfall benefits previously recorded in common stock. In addition, all tax-related cash flows resulting from share-based payments will be reported as operating activities in the statement of cash flows under the new guidance, rather than the prior requirement to present windfall tax benefits as an inflow from financing activities and an outflow from operating activities. The Company has elected to adopt this change in cash flow presentation prospectively after the date of adoption of the ASU.
For the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded income tax expense of $7.7 million, yielding an effective tax rate of 36.0%. The effective tax rate of 36.0% differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 35% due primarily to the additional income tax expense recorded in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business. The Company had net tax benefits from equity awards of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, which was reflected as an increase in equity.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded income tax expense of $18.5 million, yielding an effective tax rate of 36.1%. The effective tax rate of 36.1% differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 35% due primarily to the additional income tax expense recorded in the state and city jurisdictions in which we do business, which was partially offset by a $0.1 million tax benefit related to a charitable donation of appreciated securities previously held in our investment portfolio. The Company had net tax benefits from equity awards of $5.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, which was reflected as an increase in equity.
The net temporary differences incurred to date will reverse in future periods as the Company generates taxable earnings. The Company believes it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the net deferred tax assets recorded. The Company records a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, no valuation allowance was deemed necessary.
FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company did not record an accrual for tax related uncertainties or unrecognized tax positions as of September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.