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Income Taxes (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes consists of:
 For the year ended December 31,
 202220212020
Current federal income tax provision$14,494,857 $20,987,801 $9,633,927 
Current state and local income tax provision4,119,580 6,472,120 2,374,534 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)(4,526,654)(1,410,106)1,949,407 
Provision for income taxes
$14,087,783 $26,049,815 $13,957,868 
The following table reconciles the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate:
202220212020
  Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
  State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit4.7 4.8 4.5 
  Internal revenue code section 162 limitations1.5 0.9 1.2 
  Excess tax deficit on vesting of restricted stock0.1 0.1 1.2 
  Income tax benefit from dividends paid on restricted stock(0.9)(1.0)(0.9)
  Other(0.6)0.2 (0.5)
Unconsolidated effective income tax rate25.8 %26.0 %26.5 %
  Impact attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest (a)1.8 (0.4)0.3 
Effective income tax rate27.6 %25.6 %26.8 %
(a) The provision for income taxes includes expense (benefit) attributable to the fact that the Company’s operations include the Consolidated Funds, which are not subject to federal income taxes. Accordingly, a portion of the Company’s earnings are not subject to corporate tax levels.
Deferred income taxes and benefits arise from temporary differences between taxable income for financial statement and income tax return purposes. Net deferred tax assets consisted of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:
20222021
Stock-based compensation$3,416,038 $3,446,638 
Accrued compensation9,297,425 10,527,397 
Unrealized losses (gains)2,362,688 (3,255,684)
Property and equipment(712,794)(886,164)
Other assets and liabilities10,849 15,365 
Net deferred tax assets$14,374,206 $9,847,552 
The net temporary differences incurred to date will reverse in future periods as the Company generates taxable earnings. The Company believes it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the net deferred tax assets recorded. The Company records a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2022, no valuation allowance was deemed necessary.
FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.  The Company recognizes tax benefits related to positions taken, or expected to be taken, on its tax returns, only if the positions are “more-likely-than-not” sustainable. Once this threshold has been met, the Company’s measurement of its expected tax benefits is recognized in its financial statements. The Company did not record an accrual for tax-related uncertainties or unrecognized tax positions as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company does not expect a change to the reserve for uncertain tax positions within the next twelve months that would have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service and the taxing authorities of various states.  Generally, the Company is subject to federal, state, and local examinations by tax authorities for the tax years ended December 31, 2018 through 2022.