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Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(1)
Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

We are a development stage, specialty pharmaceutical and medical device company focused on oncology, initially cancers in the liver. Since our inception, we have directed our research efforts towards the development and clinical study of the Delcath chemosaturation system.
 
The Delcath chemosaturation system allows the administration of concentrated regional chemotherapy by isolating the circulatory system of the targeted organ. Once the organ is isolated, the Delcath chemosaturation system delivers high doses of chemotherapeutic agents directly to the liver, while limiting systemic exposure and the related side effects by filtering the blood prior to returning it to the patient. The Delcath chemosaturation system involves a series of three catheter insertions, each of which is placed percutaneously through standard interventional radiology techniques.  The procedure is minimally invasive and repeatable allowing for multiple courses of treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs and the potential for concomitant cancer therapies. We believe that the Delcath chemosaturation system is a platform technology that may have broader applicability, including the use of other drugs to treat the liver, as well as for the treatment of cancers in other organs and regions of the body.

The Company has incurred losses since inception and has a deficit accumulated during the development stage of $146.9 million as of December 31, 2011. The Company anticipates incurring additional losses until such time, if ever, that it can generate significant sales. Management believes that its capital resources are adequate to fund operations through 2011, but anticipates that additional working capital may be required to continue operations. To the extent additional capital is not available when needed, the Company may be forced to abandon some or all of its development and commercialization efforts, which would have a material adverse effect on the prospects of the business.  Operations of the Company are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including, among others, uncertainty of product development; uncertainty regarding regulatory approval; technological uncertainty; uncertainty regarding patents and proprietary rights; comprehensive government regulations; limited commercial manufacturing, marketing or sales experience; and dependence on key personnel.
 
Basis of Consolidated Financial Statement Presentation and Use of Estimates
The accounting and financial reporting policies of the Company conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make assumptions and estimates that impact the amounts reported in the Company's consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all entities controlled by Delcath. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions are eliminated. The Company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The amounts of assets and liabilities reported in the Company's balance sheets and the amount of expenses reported for each of its periods presented are affected by estimates and assumptions, which are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for derivative instrument liabilities, stock-based compensation, income taxes and research and development costs. Such assumptions and estimates are subject to change in the future as additional information becomes available or as circumstances are modified. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
 
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. The Company provides for depreciation on a straight line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets which range from three to seven years. Leasehold improvements of $1.1 million at December 31, 2011 will be amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related assets when they are placed into service. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $1.0 million, $0.5 million, and $7,981, respectively. Since inception, the Company has incurred depreciation expense of $1.6 million. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Expenditures which substantially increase the useful lives of the related assets are capitalized.
 
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes following the asset and liability method in accordance with the FASB ASC 740 “Income Taxes.” Under such method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years that the asset is expected to be recovered or the liability settled. See Note 4 for additional information.
 
Stock Based Compensation
The Company accounts for its share-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 718, which establishes accounting for equity instruments exchanged for employee services and FASB ASC 505-50, which establishes accounting for equity-based payments to non-employees.  Under the provisions of FASB ASC 718, share-based compensation is measured at the grant date, based upon the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the option holders' requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). The Company is required to record compensation cost for all share-based payments granted to employees based upon the grant date fair value, estimated in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 718. Under the provisions of FASB ASC 505-50, measurement of compensation cost related to common shares issued to non-employees for services is based on the value of the services provided or the fair value of the shares issued. The measurement of non-employee stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustment as the underlying equity instrument vests. The Company expensed its share-based compensation for share-based payments granted under the accelerated method, which treats each vesting tranche as if it were an individual grant.

The Company periodically grants stock options for a fixed number of shares of common stock to its employees, directors and non-employee contractors, with an exercise price greater than or equal to the fair market value of Delcath's common stock at the date of the grant.  The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using an option pricing model.  Key inputs used to estimate the fair value of stock options include the exercise price of the award, the expected post-vesting option life, the expected volatility of Delcath's stock over the option's expected term, the risk-free interest rate over the option's expected term, and Delcath's expected annual dividend yield.  Estimates of fair value are not intended to predict actual future events or the value ultimately realized by persons who receive equity awards.     
 
Derivative Instrument Liability
The Company accounts for derivative instruments in accordance with FASB ASC 815, which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other financial instruments or contracts and requires recognition of all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value, regardless of the hedging relationship designation. Accounting for changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments depends on whether the derivatives qualify as hedge relationships and the types of relationships designated are based on the exposures hedged. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company did not have any derivative instruments that were designated as hedges.

Fair Value Measurements
The Company adopted FASB ASC 820, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.  FASB ASC 820 applies to reported balances that are required or permitted to be measured at fair value under existing accounting pronouncements; accordingly, the standard does not require any new fair value measurements of reported balances.

FASB ASC 820 emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement.  Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.  As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, FASB ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity's own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy).

Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which is typically based on an entity's own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.
 
Net Loss per Common Share
For the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 potential common shares from the exercise of options and warrants and the unvested shares of restricted stock were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share (EPS) because their effects would be antidilutive.
Shares excluded from the computation of diluted EPS:
 
   
2011
  
2010
  
2009
 
Stock options
  2,971,381   2,398,334   1,828,084 
Unvested restricted shares
  193,532   67,590   307,910 
Warrants
  2,512,934   2,512,934   3,746,184 
Total
  5,677,847   4,978,858   5,882,178 
 
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs include the costs of materials, personnel, outside services and applicable indirect costs incurred in development of the Company's proprietary drug delivery system. All such costs are charged to expense when incurred.

General and Administrative Costs
General and administrative costs include salaries and related expenses for the Company's executive and administrative staff, recruitment and employee retention expenses, professional license and organizational fees, business development and certain general legal activities.

Cash Equivalents and Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Company considers investments with original maturities of three months or less at date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. The Company has deposits that exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), however, the Company does not consider this a significant concentration of credit risk based on the strength of the financial institution.
 
Investments
Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such classification as of each balance sheet date. The Company's securities are classified as either available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. Investments classified as held-to-maturity are stated at amortized cost. Investments classified as available-for-sale are stated at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders' equity.
 
Deferred Revenue Recognition
Deferred revenue on the accompanying balance sheets includes payment received upon execution of a research and distribution agreement with Chi-Fu Trading Co, Ltd. The Company will amortize deferred revenue over the expected obligation period of the agreement once this amount is reasonably determinable.

Segment Information
The Company currently operates in one business segment, which is the development and commercialization of the Delcath chemosaturation system. A single management team that reports to the Chief Executive Officer comprehensively manages the business. Accordingly, the Company does not have separately reportable segments.
 
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2011-04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs ("ASU 2011-04"). ASU 2011-04 amended the FASB Accounting Standards Codification 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820") to converge the fair value measurement guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRSs"). Some of the amendments clarify the application of existing fair value measurement requirements, while other amendments change particular principles in ASC 820. In addition, ASU 2011-04 requires additional fair value disclosures. ASU 2011-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011 and should be applied prospectively. Delcath does not expect ASU 2011-04 to have a significant impact on its consolidated results of operations or financial position.
 
In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income ("ASU 2011-05"). ASU 2011-05 eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders' equity and requires an entity to present items of net income, other comprehensive income and total comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05 ("ASU 2011-12"). ASU 2011-12 defers the effective date of changes in 2011-05 that relate to the presentation of reclassification adjustments for each component of other comprehensive income in both net income and other comprehensive income. The amendments in the ASU's do not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. ASU 2011-05 and ASU 2011-12 are both effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011 and must be applied retrospectively. Delcath will be required to adopt ASU 2011-05 and ASU 2011-12 no later than the quarter beginning January 1, 2012. As the ASU's require additional presentation only, there will be no impact to Delcath's consolidated results of operations or financial position.