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Fair Value Measurements | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |  |
Fair Value Measurements |
(8) | Fair Value Measurements
Derivative Warrant Liability For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded derivative warrant income of $14.7 million. The resulting derivative warrant liabilities totaled $4.2 million at March 31, 2018. Management expects that the Warrants will either be exercised or expire worthless. The fair value of the Warrants at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was determined by using option pricing models with the following assumptions:
|  | March 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Expected life (in years) |  | 0.58 - 5.87 |  | 0.82 - 4.88
Expected volatility |  | 122.68% - 291.61% |  | 130.88% - 266.92%
Risk-free interest rates |  | 1.95% - 2.63% |  | 1.68% - 2.06%
The table below presents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2018, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall in accordance with ASC 820.
|  | Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis |
(in thousands) |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Balance at March 31, 2018 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instrument liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,169 |  |  | $ | 4,169 |
For the periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no transfers in or out of Level 1, 2 or 3 inputs. The table below presents the activity within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended March 31, 2018: Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(in thousands) |  | Warrant Liability |
Balance at December 31, 2017 |  | $ | 560 |
Fair value of warrants issued |  |  | 18,306 |
Fair value of warrants exercised |  |  | — |
Total change in the liability included in earnings |  |  | (14,697 | )
Balance at March 31, 2018 |  | $ | 4,169 |
(11) | Fair Value Measurements
Derivative Financial Instruments As disclosed in Note 10 of the Company’s consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company allocated part of the proceeds of public offerings in 2013, 2015 and 2016 of the Company’s common stock to warrants issued in connection with those transactions. In addition, the Company recognized a discount to debt related to the initial fair value of warrants issued in connection with the June 2016 Convertible Notes and allocated an estimated fair value of $14.4 million to warrants issued pursuant to an exchange agreement signed in November 2017 discussed in further detail in Note 9 of the Company’s consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The valuations of the October 2013, February 2015, July 2015 Series A, October 2016 and November 2017 Warrants (collectively, the “Warrants”) were determined using option pricing models. These models use inputs such as the underlying price of the shares issued at the measurement date, volatility, risk free interest rate and expected life of the instrument. The Company has classified the Warrants as a current liability due to certain provisions relating to price adjustments and potential cash payments, as well as the holders’ ability to exercise the warrants within twelve months of the reporting date and has accounted for them as derivative instruments in accordance with ASC 815, adjusting the fair value at the end of each reporting period. Additionally, the Company has determined that the warrant derivative liability should be classified within Level 3 of the fair-value hierarchy by evaluating each input for the option pricing models against the fair-value hierarchy criteria and using the lowest level of input as the basis for the fair-value classification as called for in ASC 820. There are six inputs: closing price of Delcath stock on the day of evaluation; the exercise price of the warrants; the remaining term of the warrants; the volatility of Delcath’s stock over that term; annual rate of dividends; and the risk-free rate of return. Of those inputs, the exercise price of the warrants and the remaining term are readily observable in the warrant agreements. The annual rate of dividends is based on the Company’s historical practice of not granting dividends. The closing price of Delcath stock would fall under Level 1 of the fair-value hierarchy as it is a quoted price in an active market (ASC 820-10). The risk-free rate of return is a Level 2 input as defined in ASC 820-10, while the historical volatility is a Level 3 input as defined in ASC 820. Since the lowest level input is a Level 3, Delcath determined the warrant derivative liability is most appropriately classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded pre-tax derivative instrument income of $15.1 million. The resulting derivative instrument liabilities totaled $0.6 million at December 31, 2017. Management expects that the Warrants will either be exercised or expire worthless. The fair value of the Warrants at December 31, 2017 was determined by using option pricing models assuming the following:
|  | November 2017 Warrants |  |  | October 2016 Warrants |  |  | July 2015 Series A Warrants |  |  | February 2015 Warrants |  |  | October 2013 Warrants |
Expected volatility |  |  | 217.39 | % |  |  | 130.88 | % |  |  | 161.87 | % |  |  | 169.95 | % |  |  | 266.92 | %
Risk free interest rates |  |  | 1.98 | % |  |  | 2.06 | % |  |  | 1.94 | % |  |  | 1.90 | % |  |  | 1.68 | %
Expected life (in years) |  |  | 4.88 |  |  |  | 3.76 |  |  |  | 2.56 |  |  |  | 2.13 |  |  |  | 0.82 |
The table below presents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
|  | Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Balance at December 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instrument liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 560 |  |  | $ | 18,751 |  |  | $ | 560 |  |  | $ | 18,751 |
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(in thousands) |  | Warrant Liability |
Balance at January 1, 2015 |  | $ | 225 |
Total change in the liability included in earnings |  |  | (564 | )
Fair value of warrants issued |  |  | 4,247 |
Fair value of warrants exercised |  |  | (123 | )
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  |  | 3,785 |
Total change in the liability included in earnings |  |  | (12,780 | )
Fair value of warrants issued |  |  | 28,472 |
Fair value of warrants exercised |  |  | (726 | )
Balance at December 31, 2016 |  | $ | 18,751 |
Total change in the liability included in earnings |  |  | (15,103 | )
Extinguishment of convertible note warrant |  |  | (17,489 | )
Fair value of warrants issued |  |  | 16,953 |
Fair value of warrants exercised |  |  | (2,552 | )
Balance at December 31, 2017 |  | $ | 560 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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