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Stockholders' Equity | 6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Stockholders Equity Note [Abstract] |  |
Stockholders' Equity |
(9) | STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred Stock Issuances Series D Preferred Stock On November 5, 2018, the Company’s Board authorized the establishment of a new series of preferred stock designated as Series D Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, the terms of which are set forth in the certificate of designations for such series of Preferred Stock. On March 29, 2019, the Company exchanged all issued and outstanding shares of its Series D Preferred Stock (having an aggregate stated value of $1,160,000) and received $400,000 in cash proceeds in exchange for the issuance of the March 2019 Notes. Please see the discussion under Note 8 above. Common Stock Issuances During the six months ended June 30, 2019 the Company issued 7.9 million shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the exercise of Pre-Funded Series D Warrants that were issued in connection with the 2018 Notes discussed in Note 8 above. Warrant Exchange In April 2019, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with an institutional investor with respect to warrants held by such investor (the “February 2018 Warrants”). The February 2018 Warrants were issued to several institutional investors as part of the Company’s February 2018 sale of the Company’s common stock and the issuance of warrants to purchase common shares. Pursuant to the exchange agreement, the Company issued 64,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Exchange Shares”) in exchange for the February 2018 Warrants. The exchange resulted in a loss of approximately $6,000 which is recognized in the statement of operations. Share-Based Compensation The Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) allows for grants in the form of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock units, stock awards, stock appreciation rights, and other stock-based awards. All of the Company’s officers, directors, employees, consultants and advisors are eligible to receive grants under the Plan. The maximum number of shares reserved for issuance under the Plan is 1,500,000. Options to purchase shares of common stock are granted at exercise prices not less than 100% of fair value on the dates of grant. As of June 30, 2019, the Plan had approximately 333,333 shares available for grant. The following is a summary of stock option activity under the Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2019:
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 1,250,000 |  |  |  | 0.28 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cancelled/Forfeited |  |  | (83,333 | ) |  |  | 0.28 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at June 30, 2019 |  |  | 1,166,667 |  |  | $ | 0.28 |  |  |  | 8.8 |  |  | $ | — |
Exercisable at June 30, 2019 |  |  | 399,998 |  |  | $ | 0.28 |  |  |  | 9.2 |  |  | $ | — |
The following weighted average assumptions were used to compute the fair value of stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2019:
|  | Six months ended June 30, 2019 |
Dividend yield |  |  | N/A |
Expected volatility |  |  | 147.6 | %
Weighted average risk-free interest rate |  |  | 2.6 | %
Weighted average expected life (in years) |  |  | 5.5 |
Weighted average grant date fair value |  | $ | 0.259 |
At June 30, 2019, there was approximately $0.2 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested share-based compensation awards under the plans for employee and board stock option grants. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.6 years. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of approximately $75,000 and $133,000 in the statement of operations, respectively. For the same periods in 2018, the Company recognized share-based compensation income of approximately $140,000 and $121,000 in the statement of operations, respectively.
|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Selling, general and administrative |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | (71 | ) |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | (58 | )
Research and development |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | (69 | ) |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | (63 | )
Total |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | (140 | ) |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | (121 | )
Warrants The following is a summary of warrant activity for the six months ended June 30, 2019:
|  | Warrants |  |  | Exercise Price per Share |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years) |
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 65,685,269 |  |  | $ | 0.01 - $10.00 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  |  | 5.75 |
Exercised |  |  | (7,898,853 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |  |
Exchanged |  |  | (64,000 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at June 30, 2019 |  |  | 57,722,416 |  |  | $ | 0.01 - $10.00 |  |  | $ | 0.23 |  |  |  | 5.24 |
(11) | STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred Stock Issuances Series D Preferred Stock On November 5, 2018, the Company’s Board authorized the establishment of a new series of preferred stock designated as Series D Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, the terms of which are set forth in the certificate of designations for such series of Preferred Stock which was filed with the State of Delaware on November 5, 2018. On November 6, 2018 and November 30, 2018, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreements with an institutional investor which had purchased 101 shares of Series D Preferred Stock. At issuance, the Series D Preferred Stock would convert to 1,655,738 common shares. On March 29, 2019, the Company exchanged all of its Series D Preferred Stock (with a stated value of $1,160,000) and received $400,000 in proceeds and issued a senior secured promissory note to an investor with a principal amount of $1,560,000. As a result, the Series D Preferred Stock is no longer outstanding. Stock and Warrant Issuances February 2018 Financing In February 2018, the Company completed the sale of 424,000 shares of its Common Stock, 76,000 pre-funded warrants and the issuance of warrants to purchase 1.0 million common shares (the “February 2018 Warrants”) pursuant to a placement agent agreement, with net proceeds after expenses of $4.3 million. The February 2018 Warrants are exercisable one year after the anniversary date of their issuance. At December 31, 2018, the February 2018 Warrants were exercisable at $10.00 per share with 0.2 million warrants outstanding. The Company allocated an estimated fair value of $18.3 million to the February 2018 Warrants. The Company valued the February 2018 Warrants using the following inputs: exercise price of $10.00; contractual term of six years; volatility of 122.68% and risk-free rate of approximately one percent. Due to certain price protection features in the agreement, the February 2018 Warrants were accounted for as a derivative liability at issuance and will be subsequently marked to market through the statement of operations. September 2018 Rights Offering In September 2018, the Company completed the sale of 4,667,811 shares of its Common Stock, with net proceeds after expenses of approximately $7.0 million. The rights offering was made pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1 that was made effective on August 3, 2018. December 2018 Warrant Exchange In December 2018, the Company entered into exchange agreements with several institutional investors with respect to their November 2017 Warrants and February 2018 Warrants. The Company issued to the investors 0.8 million shares of Common Stock (the “Exchange Shares”) in exchange for the Existing Warrants (the “Exchange”). The Exchange was made in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Pre-Funded Series D Warrant Exercises 3.7 million Pre-Funded Series D Warrants were exercised during 2018. In October 2018, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, which was declared effective on December 21, 2018 and allows the Company to offer and sell, from time to time in one or more offerings, up to $100.0 million shares of Common Stock, preferred stock, warrants, debt securities and stock purchase contracts as it deems prudent or necessary to raise capital at a later date. The Company has lost its eligibility to use Form S-3 due to the late filing of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and its late filing of its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019. Stock Incentive Plans As a result of the May 2, 2018 reverse stock split, the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan has no active grants and no further shares available to be granted. As previously reported, on February 1, 2019 the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), pursuant to which 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company are available for grants through February 1, 2029 to the Company’s employees, directors and consultants. On February 1, 2019, options to purchase 1,250,000 shares of Common Stock, at an exercise price of $0.281 per share, were granted under the 2019 Plan to certain executive officers and employees of the Company. The stock options are vesting over a period of one year commencing from the date of grant in twelve equal monthly increments commencing on the one month anniversary of the grant date. The stock options carry a ten year term and expire on February 1, 2029. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company recognized compensation income of $0.04 million and $0.05 million, respectively, related to stock options granted to employees. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company recognized compensation expense of approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, related to restricted stock granted to employees and consultants. Warrants The Company issued warrants as part of its offerings in 2013, 2015, 2016 and 2018 as well as part of its issuance of convertible notes in 2016 and 2018 and an exchange agreement in 2017. A summary of warrant activity is as follows:
|  | Warrants |  |  | Exercise Price per Share |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Life (Years) |
Outstanding at January 1, 2017 |  |  | 78 |  |  | $281,750 - $19,712,000 |  | $ | 910,000 |  |  |  | 5.59 |
Warrants issued |  |  | 14,256 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,299 |  |  |  |  |
Warrants exercised |  |  | (246 | ) |  |  |  |  | 4,221 |  |  |  |  |
Warrants expired |  |  | (39 | ) |  |  |  |  | 845,250 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2017 |  |  | 14,049 |  |  | $1,225 - $19,712,000 |  | $ | 1,569 |  |  |  | 4.88 |
Warrants issued in Feb 2018 registered direct offering |  |  | 1,076,002 |  |  |  |  |  | 9.33 |  |  |  |  |
Warrants issued with convertible notes |  |  | 69,169,756 |  |  |  |  |  | 0.18 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (4,574,529 | ) |  |  |  |  | 1.79 |  |  |  |  |
Expired |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  |  |  | 19,712,000 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 65,685,269 |  |  | $0.01 - $10.00 |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  |  | 5.75 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208762 + Details
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