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Income Taxes | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2018
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Income Taxes | Note 9: Income Taxes The Company’s income taxes and the related effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
In millions |  |  | 2018 |  |  |  | 2017 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | (96) |  |  | $ | (120) |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (48) |
Effective tax rate |  |  | -2.1% |  |  |  | 40.0% |
For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company’s effective tax rate applied to its loss before income taxes is less than the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax asset. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company’s effective tax rate applied to its loss before income taxes is greater than the U.S. statutory effective tax rate primarily due to the fluctuation of the value of nontaxable warrants issued by the Company and tax exempt interest income. Deferred Tax Asset, Net of Valuation Allowance On June 26, 2017, S&P downgraded the financial strength rating of National, which led the Company to cease its efforts to actively pursue writing new financial guarantee business. In addition to National’s cessation of new business activity, there was an increase in loss and LAE due to changes in assumptions on certain Puerto Rico credits. As a result of the increase in loss and LAE, the Company has a three-year cumulative loss, which is considered significant negative evidence in the assessment of its ability to use its deferred tax assets. In addition, the Company considered all available positive and negative evidence as required by GAAP, to estimate if sufficient taxable income will be generated to use its deferred tax assets. After considering all positive and negative evidence, including the Company’s inability to objectively identify and forecast future sources of taxable income, the Company concluded in the second quarter of 2017 it did not have sufficient positive evidence to support its ability to use its deferred tax assets before they would expire. Accordingly, the Company has a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax asset of $809 million and $770 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company will continue to analyze the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”), which among other items reduces the federal corporate tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018. As a result, during the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company revalued its net tax deferred tax asset using the newly enacted tax rate of 21%. The Company’s revaluation of its net deferred tax asset is subject to further clarifications of the new law that cannot be estimated at this time. However, as further clarification of the new law is determined, any adjustment would be offset with a valuation allowance resulting in no change to the Company’s net deferred tax asset. The Company does not anticipate future cash expenditures as a result of the reduction to its net deferred tax asset. Under the Act, net operating losses (“NOLs”) of property and casualty insurance companies retain their current two-year carryback and 20-year carryforward periods and will not be subject to the 80 percent taxable income limitation and indefinite lived carryforward period applicable to general corporate NOLs. Therefore, NOLs generated after 2017 by the Company’s insurance companies and non-insurance companies will be treated differently under the Act. Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes The Company’s policy is to record and disclose any change in unrecognized tax benefits (“UTB”) and related interest and/or penalties to income tax in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company includes interest as a component of income tax expense. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had no UTB. Federal income tax returns through 2011 have been examined or surveyed. As of March 31, 2018, the Company’s NOL is approximately $2.7 billion. The NOL will expire between tax years 2031 through 2037. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has a foreign tax credit carryforward of $62 million, which will expire between tax years 2020 through 2028. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has an alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) credit carryforward of $24 million, which does not expire. As a result of tax reform, AMT credits are now fully refundable no later than 2022. The AMT credit has been reclassed out of the deferred tax asset and into other assets as the AMT credits are now a receivable. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code On May 2, 2018, MBIA Inc.’s shareholders ratified an amendment to the Company’s By-Laws, which had been adopted earlier by MBIA Inc.’s Board of Directors. The amendment places restrictions on certain acquisitions of Company stock that otherwise may have increased the likelihood of an ownership change within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. The amendment generally prohibits a person from becoming a “Section 382 five-percent shareholder” by acquiring, directly or by attribution, 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock and will generally restrict existing “Section 382 five-percent shareholders” from increasing their ownership interest under Section 382 by more than one percentage point over their percentage stock ownership immediately prior to the effective date of the amendment or, if lower, their percentage thereafter.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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