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Income Taxes | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
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Income Taxes | Note 9: Income Taxes The Company’s i n c o m e t a x e s a nd t he r e l a t e d e f f e c ti v e t a x r a t e s f o r t he three months ended March 31, 2019 a nd 2018 a re a s fo l l o ws:
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
In millions |  |  | 2019 |  |  |  | 2018 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | (19) |  |  | $ | (96) |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | 2 |
Effective tax rate |  |  | 10.5% |  |  |  | -2.1% |
F or the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s effective tax rate applied to its loss before income taxes was less than the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax asset. Deferred Tax Asset, Net of Valuation Allowance The Company assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of its existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the Company having a three-year cumulative loss. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as the Company’s projections of pretax income. On the basis of this evaluation, the Company has recorded a full valuatio n allowance against its net deferred tax asset of $818 million and $834 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company will continue to analyze the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. Under the Act, net operating losses (“NOLs”) of pro perty and casualty insurance companies retain their current two-year carryback and 20-year carryforward periods and will not be subject to the 80 percent taxable income limitation and indefinite lived carryforward period applicable to general corporate NOL s. Therefore, NOLs generated after 2017 by the Company’s insurance companies and non-insurance companies will be treated differently under the Act. A cc o u n t i n g f o r U n c e r t a i n t y i n I n c o m e T ax e s The C o m p a ny’s po l i c y is t o r eco r d a n d d i s c l o s e an y c h an g e i n unrecognized tax benefit (“U T B”) an d r e l a t e d i n t e r es t a n d/or p e n a l t i e s t o i n c o m e t a x i n t h e co n s o l i d a t e d s t a t e m en t s o f o pe r a t i ons. The Company includes interest as a component of income tax expense. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had n o UTB. Federal income tax returns through 2011 have been examined or surveyed. As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s NOL is approximately $2.4 billion. The NOL will expire between tax years 20 32 through 203 9. As of March 31, 2019, the Company has a foreign tax credit carryforward of $62 million, which will expire between tax years 2019 through 2029. As of March 31, 2019, the Company has an alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) credit carryforward of $26 m illion, which does not expire. As a result of tax reform, AMT credits are now fully refundable no later than 2022. The AMT credit has been reclassed out of the deferred tax asset and into other assets as the AMT credits are now a receivable. Section 382 o f the Internal Revenue Code On May 2, 2018, MBIA Inc.’s shareholders ratified an amendment to the Company’s By-Laws, which had been adopted earlier by MBIA Inc.’s Board of Directors. The amendment places restrictions on certain acquisitions of Company stoc k that otherwise may have increased the likelihood of an ownership change within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. The amendment generally prohibits a person from becoming a “Section 382 five-percent shareholder” by acquiring, direct ly or by attribution, 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock and will generally restrict existing “Section 382 five-percent shareholders” from increasing their ownership interest under Section 382 by more than one percentage poi nt over their percentage stock ownership immediately prior to the effective date of the amendment or, if lower, their percentage thereafter.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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