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Income Taxes | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2020
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Income Taxes | Note 9: Income Taxes The Company’s income taxes and the related effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
In millions |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | (333 | ) |  | $ | (19 | )
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 2 |
Effective tax rate |  |  | 0.0% |  |  |  | -10.5% |
For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company’ effective tax rate applied to its loss before income taxes was lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate due to the full valuation allowance on the changes in its net deferred tax asset. Deferred Tax Asset, Net of Valuation Allowance The Company assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of its existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the Company having a three-year cumulative loss. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as the Company’s projections of pre-tax income. On the basis of this evaluation, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax asset of $923 million and $873 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company will continue to analyze the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. Net operating losses (“NOLs”) of property and casualty insurance companies are permitted to be carried back two years and carried forward 20 years, except where modified by the CARES Act as outlined below. NOLs of property and casualty insurance companies are not subject to the 80 percent taxable income limitation and indefinite lived carryforward period required by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act applicable to general corporate NOLs. Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes The Company’s policy is to record and disclose any change in unrecognized tax benefit (“UTB”) and related interest and/or penalties to income tax in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company includes interest as a component of income tax expense. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had no UTB. Federal income tax returns through 2011 have been examined or surveyed. As of March 31, 2020, the Company’s NOL is approximately $3.1 billion. NOLs generated prior to tax reform and property and casualty NOLs generated after tax reform will expire between tax years 2032 through 2040. As of March 31, 2020, the Company has a foreign tax credit carryforward of $61 million, which will expire between tax years 2020 through 2030. As of March 31, 2020, the Company has an alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) credit of $12.7 million. As a result of the CARES Act, the remaining AMT credit will be refunded during calendar year 2020. The AMT credit refundable to the Company is included in “Other assets” of the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code On May 2, 2018, MBIA Inc.’s shareholders ratified an amendment to the Company’s By-Laws, which had been adopted earlier by MBIA Inc.’s Board of Directors. The amendment places restrictions on certain acquisitions of Company stock that otherwise may have increased the likelihood of an ownership change within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. With certain exceptions, the amendment generally prohibits a person from becoming a “Section 382 five-percent shareholder” by acquiring, directly or by attribution, 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock. Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act On March 27, 2020, as part of the business stimulus package in response to COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act. The CARES Act established new tax provisions including, but not limited to: (1) five-year carryback of NOLs generated in 2018, 2019 and 2020; (2) accelerated refund of AMT credit carryforwards; and (3) retroactive changes to allow accelerated depreciation for certain depreciable property. The legislation does not have a material impact on the Company’s tax positions due to the lack of taxable income in the carryback periods. The Company expects to receive a cash benefit for its remaining AMT credits in 2020 as provided by the CARES Act.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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