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Business Developments and Risks and Uncertainties | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
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Business Developments and Risks and Uncertainties | Note 1: Business De velopments and Risks and Uncertainties Summary MBIA Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries, (collectively, “MBIA” or the “Company”) operates within the financial guarantee insurance industry. MBIA manages three operating segments: 1) United States (“U.S.”) public finance insurance; 2) corporate; and 3) international and structured finance insurance. The Company’s U.S. public finance insurance business is managed through National Public Finance Guarantee Corporation (“National”), the corporate segment is managed through MBIA Inc. and several of its subsidiaries, including its service company, MBIA Services Corporation (“MBIA Services”) and its international and structured finance insurance business is managed through MBIA Insurance Corporation and its subsidiaries (“MBIA Corp.”). Refer to “Note 9: Business Segments” for further information about the Company’s operating segments. Business Developments PREPA On January 1, 2025, the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (“PREPA”) defaulted on scheduled debt service for National insured bonds and National paid gross claims in the aggregate of $13 million. As of June 30, 2025, National had $657 million of insured debt service outstanding related to PREPA. In addition, on July 1, 2025, PREPA defaulted on scheduled debt service for National insured bonds and National paid gross claims in the aggregate of $92 million. On January 31, 2023, National entered into a restructuring support agreement (“PREPA RSA”) with the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (the “Oversight Board”), on behalf of itself and as the sole Title III representative of PREPA. A plan of adjustment for PREPA (the "Plan") and related disclosure statement was filed on February 9, 2023. Subsequently, both the Plan and PREPA RSA were amended. The Title III Court conducted confirmation hearings in March 2024. On June 12, 2024, the First Circuit Court of Appeals reversed Judge Swain's prior rulings and supported bondholder liens and claim amounts (the "Appeal Decision"). On June 26, 2024, the Oversight Board filed a petition for a First Circuit panel rehearing, and the Unsecured Creditors Committee ("UCC") filed an en banc appeal. On November 13, 2024, the First Circuit affirmed the Appeal Decision. On November 27, 2024, the Oversight Board filed a petition for further rehearing, and on December 31, 2024, the First Circuit denied the rehearing request. On January 29, 2025, the Court extended its litigation stay through March 24, 2025, and on March 3, 2025, the Court entered an order identifying key legal issues and requiring a joint proposed litigation schedule. On March 20, 2025, the Court set a briefing schedule on a motion for allowance of an administrative expense. On June 11, 2025, the Court set June 30, 2025, as the deadline for discovery, and July 23, 2025, for oral arguments in the administrative expense claim motion. Following the hearing, the Court reserved its decision on the legal issues and permitted the parties to continue resolution of discovery disputes. Following the Appeal Decision, the Oversight Board informed the Court, National and other parties that it intended to modify National’s settlement in a forthcoming amended Plan. Thereafter, National provided notice to the Oversight Board that National did not support the board's actions and that such actions constituted a breach and termination of the PREPA RSA, as amended. There is no assurance that a plan that is substantially similar in the treatment of National's claims and rights will ultimately be confirmed and become effective. In the event of a substantially different confirmed plan, National’s PREPA loss reserves and recoveries could be materially adversely affected. In July of 2025, National transferred certain PREPA bankruptcy claims to a custodian in exchange for tradeable custodial receipts (the "Custodial Receipts"). As owner of the Custodial Receipts, National continues to hold the same rights and is entitled to the same economic benefits associated with the transferred bankruptcy claims. As a result, the Company's estimated recovery values for these bankruptcy claims continue to be recorded within "Insurance loss recoverable" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. National may, at its discretion, sell such Custodial Receipts to qualified buyers prior to a PREPA bankruptcy settlement in order to monetize subrogation of the related bankruptcy claims. Refer to “Note 5: Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves” for additional information of the Company’s PREPA reserves and recoveries. MBIA Mexico MBIA Corp. has issued financial guarantee insurance in Mexico, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, MBIA México, S.A. de C.V. (“MBIA Mexico”). The Company has commenced the process of dissolving MBIA Mexico under Mexican law. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, MBIA Mexico returned approximately $12 million of capital to MBIA Corp., representing a substantially complete liquidation. MBIA Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) Note 1: Business Developments and Risks and Uncertainties (continued) Zohar CDOs Payment of claims on MBIA Corp.’s policies insuring the Class A-1 and A-2 notes issued by Zohar collateralized debt obligation (“CDO”) 2003-1, Limited (“Zohar I”) and Zohar II 2005-1, Limited (“Zohar II”) (collectively, the “Zohar CDOs”), entitled MBIA Corp. to reimbursement of such amounts plus interest and expenses and/or to exercise certain rights and remedies to seek recovery of such amounts. Pursuant to a plan of liquidation that became effective in August of 2022, all remaining loans made to, and equity interests in, portfolio companies, were distributed to MBIA Corp. either directly or in the form of interests in certain asset recovery entities. For those portfolio companies in which the Company does not have a majority of the voting interest, the Company recorded these assets as investments. For those portfolio companies in which the Company owns a majority of the voting interest, the Company consolidated the assets, liabilities, and financial results of these companies and classified these entities as discontinued operations and held for sale. In addition, certain of the Zohar debtors’ litigation claims were transferred into a litigation trust that the Company consolidated as a variable interest entity (“VIE”). There still remains significant uncertainty with respect to the realizable value of the remaining loans to and equity interests in these portfolio companies and the litigation trust. Further, as the monetization of these assets unfolds, and new information concerning the financial condition of the portfolio companies is disclosed, the Company will continue to revise its expectations for recoveries. Discontinued Operations As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the assets and liabilities of these entities are presented within “Assets held for sale” and “Liabilities held for sale” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, the results of operations for these entities are classified as “Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes” on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The following table summarizes the components of assets and liabilities held for sale:
|  | As of
In millions |  | June 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Assets held for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Goodwill |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 11 |
Other assets |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |
Loss on disposal group |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (3 | )
Total assets held for sale |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Liabilities held for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Debt |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
Accrued expenses and other |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |
Total liabilities held for sale |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 7 |
MBIA Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) Note 1: Business Developments and Risks and Uncertainties (continued) The results of operations from discontinued operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 consist of the following:
|  |  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
In millions |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Revenues |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 46 |
| Cost of sales |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 22 |
| Total revenues from discontinued operations |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 24 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Operating |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 24 |
| Interest |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2 |
| Increase (decrease) on loss on disposal group |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (1 | )
| Total expenses from discontinued operations |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 25 |
Income (loss) before income taxes from discontinued operations |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1 | )
Provision (benefit) for income taxes from discontinued operations |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (1 | )
Risks and Uncertainties The Company’s financial statements include estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The outcome of certain significant risks and uncertainties could cause the Company to revise its estimates and assumptions or could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company’s estimates. The discussion below highlights the significant risks and uncertainties that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements and business objectives in future periods. National’s Insured Portfolio National continues to monitor and remediate its existing insured portfolio. Certain state and local governments and territory obligors that National insures are under financial and budgetary stress. This could lead to an increase in defaults by such entities on the payment of their obligations and losses or impairments on a greater number of National’s insured transactions. In particular, PREPA is currently in bankruptcy-like proceedings in the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico. Refer to the above “Business Developments - PREPA” section for additional information. National monitors and analyzes these situations and other stressed credits closely, and the overall extent and duration of this stress is uncertain. MBIA Corp.’s Insured Portfolio MBIA Corp.’s primary objectives are to satisfy all claims by its policyholders and to maximize future recoveries, if any, for its surplus note holders, and then its preferred stock holders. MBIA Corp. is executing this strategy by, among other things, taking steps to maximize the collection of recoveries and by reducing and mitigating potential losses on its insurance exposures. MBIA Corp.’s insured portfolio performance could deteriorate and result in additional significant loss reserves and claim payments. MBIA Corp.’s ability to meet its obligations is limited by available liquidity and its ability to secure additional liquidity through financing and other transactions. There can be no assurance that MBIA Corp. will be successful in generating sufficient resources to meet its obligations. Recoveries In addition to the recoveries related to the Zohar CDOs, MBIA Corp. also projects to collect recoveries from prior claims associated with insured residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”); however, the amount and timing of these collections are uncertain. MBIA Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) Note 1: Business Developments and Risks and Uncertainties (continued) Failure to collect its expected recoveries could impede MBIA Corp.’s ability to make payments when due on other policies. MBIA Corp. believes that if the New York State Department of Financial Services (“NYSDFS”) concludes at any time that MBIA Insurance Corporation will not be able to pay its policyholder claims, the NYSDFS would likely put MBIA Insurance Corporation into a rehabilitation or liquidation proceeding under Article 74 of the New York Insurance Law (“NYIL”) and/or take such other actions as the NYSDFS may deem necessary to protect the interests of MBIA Insurance Corporation’s policyholders. The determination to commence such a proceeding or take other such actions is within the exclusive control of the NYSDFS. Given the separation of MBIA Inc. and MBIA Corp. as distinct legal entities, the absence of any cross defaults between the entities and the lack of reliance by MBIA Inc. on MBIA Corp. for dividends, the Company does not believe that a rehabilitation or liquidation proceeding with respect to MBIA Insurance Corporation would have any significant liquidity impact on MBIA Inc. Such a proceeding could have material adverse consequences for MBIA Corp., including the termination of derivative contracts for which counterparties may assert market-based claims, the acceleration of debt obligations issued by affiliates and insured by MBIA Corp., the loss of control of MBIA Insurance Corporation to a rehabilitator or liquidator, and unplanned costs. Refer to “Note 5: Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves” for additional information about MBIA Corp.’s recoveries.

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