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Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets and Goodwill | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2014
Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets and Goodwill | NOTE 2 – Property, plant and equipment, INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL Acquisitions T he Company is the beneficiary of Aloha Station Trust, LLC (the “Aloha Trust”), which owns and operates radio stations which the Aloha Trust is required to divest in order to comply with Federal Communication Commission (“FCC”) media ownership rules, and which are being marketed for sale. During 2014, the Aloha Trust completed a transaction in which it exchanged two radio stations for a portfolio of 29 radio stations. In this transaction the Company received 28 radio stations. One radio station was placed into the Brunswick Station Trust, LLC in order to comply with FCC media ownership rules where it is being marketed for sale, and the Company is the benefic iary of this trust. The exchange was accounted for at fair value in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The disposal of these radio stations resulted in a gain on sale of $43.5 million, which is included in other operating income, net. This acqui sition resulted in an aggregate increase in net assets of $49.2 million, which includes $13.8 million in indefinite-lived intangible assets, $10.2 million in definite-lived intangibles, $8.1 million in property, plant and equipment and $0.8 million of assu med liabilities. In addition, the Company recognized $17.9 million of goodwill. During 2012, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company completed the acquisition of WOR-AM in New York City for $30.0 million and WFNX-FM in Boston for $1 4.5 million. These acquisit i ons resulted in an aggregate increase of $5.3 million to property plant and equipment, $15.2 million to intangible assets and $24.7 million to goodwill, in addition to $0.7 million of assumed liabilities. Purchase accounting adjustments were fina lized during 2013. Dispositions During 2013, the Company’s Americas outdoor segment divested certain outdoor advertising assets in Times Square for approximately $18.7 million resulting in a gain of $12.2 million. In addition, iHM exercised a put option to sell five radio stations in the Green Bay market for approximately $17.6 million, resulting in a gain of $0.5 million. These net gains are included in “Other operating income, net.” During 2012, the Company’s International out door segment sold its international neon business and its outdoor advertising business in Romania, resulting in an aggregate gain of $39.7 million included in “Other operating income, net.” Property, Plant and Equipment The Company’s property, plant and equipment consisted of the following classes of assets at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectivel y.
(In thousands) | December 31, |  | December 31,
| 2014 |  | 2013
Land, buildings and improvements | $ | 731,925 |  | $ | 723,268
Structures |  | 2,999,582 |  |  | 3,021,152
Towers, transmitters and studio equipment |  | 453,044 |  |  | 440,612
Furniture and other equipment |  | 536,255 |  |  | 473,995
Construction in progress |  | 95,671 |  |  | 123,814
|  | 4,816,477 |  |  | 4,782,841
Less: accumulated depreciation |  | 2,117,413 |  |  | 1,885,211
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 2,699,064 |  | $ | 2,897,630
The Company recorded an impairment charge related to property of $4.5 million during 2014. The Company recorded an impair ment charge related to radio broadcast equipment in one market of $1.3 million based on a sales agreement entered into during the fourth quarter of 2013. The Company recognized an impairment charge for outdoor advertising structures in its Americas outdoor segment of $1.7 million during 2012. Ind efinite-lived Intangible As sets The Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of FCC broadcast licenses and billboard permits. FCC broadcast licenses are granted to radio stations for up to eight years under the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (the “Act”). The Act requir es the FCC to renew a broadcast license if the FCC finds that the station has served the public interest, convenience and necessity, there have been no serious violations of either the Communications Act of 1934 or the FCC’s rules and regulations by the li censee, and there have been no other serious violations which taken together constitute a pattern of abuse. The licenses may be renewed indefinitely at little or no cost. The Company does not believe that the technology of wireless broadcasting will be r eplac ed in the foreseeable future. The Company’s billboard permits are granted for the right to operate an advertising structure at the specified location as long as the structure is in compliance with the laws and regulations of each jurisdiction. The C ompany’s permits are located on owned land, leased land or land for which we have acquired permanent easements. In cases where the Company’s permits are located on leased land, the leases typically have initial terms of between 10 and 20 years and renew i ndefinitely, with rental payments generally escalating at an inflation-based index. If the Company loses its lease, the Company will typically obtain permission to relocate the permit or bank it with the municipality for future use. Due to significant dif ferences in both business practices and regulations, billboards in the International outdoor segment are subject to long-term, finite contracts unlike the Company’s permits in the United States and Canada. Accordingly, there are no indefinite-lived intang ible assets in the International outdoor segment. The impairment tests for indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of a comparison between the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset at the market level with its carrying amount. If the car rying amount of the indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized equal to that excess. After an impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying amount of the indefinite-lived asset is its new accounting b asis. The fair value of the indefinite-lived asset is determined using the direct valuation method as prescribed in ASC 805-20-S99. Under the direct valuation method, the fair value of the indefinite-lived assets is calculated at the market level as pres cribed by ASC 350-30-35. The Company engaged Mesirow Financial, a third-party valuation firm, to assist it in the development of the assumptions and the Company’s determination of the fair value of its indef inite-lived intangible assets. The application o f the direct valuation method attempts to isolate the income that is properly attributable to the indefinite-lived intangible asset alone (that is, apart from tangible and identified intangible assets and goodwill). It is based upon modeling a hypothetica l “greenfield” build-up to a “normalized” enterprise that, by design, lacks inherent goodwill and whose only other assets have essentially been paid for (or added) as part of the build-up process. The Company forecasts revenue, expenses, and cash flows ov er a ten-year period for each of its markets in its application of the direct valuation method. The Company also calculates a “normalized” residual year which represents the perpetual cash flows of each market. The residual year cash flow was capitalized to arrive at the terminal value o f the licenses in each market. Under the direct valuation method, it is assumed that rather than acquiring indefinite-lived intangible assets as part of a going concern business, the buyer hypothetically develops indefini te-lived intangible assets and builds a new operation with similar attributes from scratch. Thus, the buyer incurs start-up costs during the build-up phase which are normally associated with going concern value. Initial capital costs are deducted from th e discounted cash flow model which results in value that is directly attributable to the indef inite-lived intangible assets. The key assumptions using the direct valuation method are market revenue growth rates, market share, profit margin, duration and p rofile of the build-up period, estimated start-up capital costs and losses incurred during the build-up period, the risk-adjusted discount rate and terminal values. This data is populated using industry normalized information representing an average FCC l icense or billboard permit within a market. Annual Impairment Test to FCC Licenses and Billboard Permits The Company performs its annual impairment t est on October 1 of each year. During 2014, the Company recognized a $15.7 million impairment charge related to FCC licenses in eleven markets due to changes in the revenue growth forecasts and margins for those markets. During 2013, the Company recognized a $2.0 million impairment charge related to FCC licenses in two markets due to changes in the discount rates and weight-average cost of capital for those markets. In addition, the Company recognized a $2.5 million impairment charge related to billboard permits in a certain market due to increased start-up costs for that market exceeding mar ket value. During 2012, the Company recognized a $35.9 million impairment charge related to billboard permits in certain markets due to a change in the Company’s forecast of revenue growth within the markets. There was no impairment of FCC licenses during 2012. Other Intangible Assets Other intangible assets include definite-lived intangible assets and permanent easements. The Company’s definite-lived intangible assets include primarily transit and street furniture contracts, talent and representation contracts, customer and advertiser relationships, and site-leases, all of which are amortized over the respective lives of the agreements, or over the period of time the assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the Company’s future cash flows. Permanent easements are indefinite-lived intangible assets which include certain rights to use real property not owned by the Company. During 2014, the Company recognized a $3.4 million impairment charge to easements in three markets primarily due to declining revenue forecasts. There were no impairments of other intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. The following table presents the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for each major class of other intangible assets at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively:
(In thousands) | December 31, 2014 |  | December 31, 2013
|  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization
Transit, street furniture and other outdoor contractual rights | $ | 716,723 |  | $ | (476,523) |  | $ | 777,521 |  | $ | (464,548)
Customer / advertiser relationships |  | 1,222,518 |  |  | (765,596) |  |  | 1,212,745 |  |  | (645,988)
Talent contracts |  | 319,384 |  |  | (223,936) |  |  | 319,617 |  |  | (195,403)
Representation contracts |  | 238,313 |  |  | (206,338) |  |  | 252,961 |  |  | (200,058)
Permanent easements |  | 171,271 |  |  | - |  |  | 173,753 |  |  | -
Other |  | 388,160 |  |  | (177,249) |  |  | 387,405 |  |  | (151,459)
| Total | $ | 3,056,369 |  | $ | (1,849,642) |  | $ | 3,124,002 |  | $ | (1,657,456)
Total amortization expense related to definite-lived intangible assets was $263.4 million, $289.0 million and $300.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. As acquisitions and dispositions occur in the future, amortization expense may vary. The following table presents the Company’s estimate of amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years for definite-lived intangible assets:
(In thousands) |  |
2015 | $ | 236,019
2016 |  | 219,485
2017 |  | 197,061
2018 |  | 127,730
2019 |  | 42,274
Annual Impairment Test to Goodwill The Company performs its annual impairment test on October 1 of each year. Each of the Company’s U.S. radio markets and outdoor advertising markets are components. The U.S. radio markets are aggregated into a single reporting unit and the U.S. outdoor advertising markets are aggregated into a single reporting unit for purposes of the goodwill impairment test using the guidance in ASC 350-20-55. The Company also determined that within its Americas outdoor segment, Can ada constitute s a separate reporting unit and each country in its International outdoor segment constitu tes a separate reporting unit. The goodwill impairment test is a two-step process. The first step, used to screen for potential impairment, compares th e fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If applicable, the second step, used to measure the amount of the impairment loss, compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of t hat goodwill. Each of the Company’s reporting units is valued using a discounted cash flow model which requires estimating future cash flows expected to be generated from the reporting unit, discounted to their present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate. Terminal values were also estimated and discounted to their present value. Assessing the recoverability of goodwill requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions about sales, operating margins, growth rates and discount rates based on its budgets, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and marketplace data. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and management’s judg ment in applying these factors. In 2014, the Company concluded no goodwill impairment was required. In 2013, the Company concluded no goodwill impairment was required for iHM and Americas outdoor. Based on declining future cash flows expected in one country in the International outdoor segment, the Company recognized a non-cash impairment charge to goodwill of $10.7 million. The Company recognized no goodwill impairment for the year ended December 31, 2012. The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill in each of th e Company’s reportable segments:
(In thousands) | iHM |  | Americas Outdoor Advertising |  | International Outdoor Advertising |  | Other |  | Consolidated
Balance as of December 31, 2012 | $ | 3,236,688 |  | $ | 571,932 |  | $ | 290,316 |  | $ | 117,149 |  | $ | 4,216,085
| Impairment |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (10,684) |  |  | - |  |  | (10,684)
| Acquisitions |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 97 |  |  | 97
| Dispositions |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (456) |  |  | - |  |  | (456)
| Foreign currency |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (974) |  |  | - |  |  | (974)
| Other |  | (1,881) |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (1,881)
Balance as of December 31, 2013 | $ | 3,234,807 |  | $ | 571,932 |  | $ | 278,202 |  | $ | 117,246 |  | $ | 4,202,187
| Acquisitions |  | 17,900 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 299 |  |  | 18,199
| Foreign currency |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (33,022) |  |  | - |  |  | (33,022)
| Other |  | 60 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 60
Balance as of December 31, 2014 | $ | 3,252,767 |  | $ | 571,932 |  | $ | 245,180 |  | $ | 117,545 |  | $ | 4,187,424
The balance at December 31, 2012 is net of cumulative impairments of $3.5 billion, $2.6 billion, $315.9 million and $212.0 million in the Company’s iHM, Americas outdoor, International outdoor an d Other segments, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for long-lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, accounting policies and methodology, roll forwards, depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, including composite depreciation, accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, useful lives and method used, income statement disclosures, assets held for sale and public utility disclosures. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 360 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6391035&loc=d3e2868-110229 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 360 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6391110&loc=d3e2921-110230 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 205 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6360339&loc=d3e1361-107760 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 210 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.13-14) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6877327&loc=d3e13212-122682 + Details
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