Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

NOTE 7 – INCOME TAXES
Significant components of the provision for income tax benefit (expense) are as follows:

(In thousands)		Years Ended December 31,
		2015		2014		2013
Current - Federal		$	(31)	$	(503)	$	10,586
Current - foreign			(46,188)		(27,256)		(48,466)
Current - state			(12,890)		3,193		1,527
	Total current benefit (expense)		(59,109)		(24,566)		(36,353)

Deferred - Federal			(30,719)		(29,284)		126,905
Deferred - foreign			5,269		4,308		8,932
Deferred - state			(2,398)		(8,947)		22,333
	Total deferred benefit (expense)		(27,848)		(33,923)		158,170
Income tax benefit (expense)		$	(86,957)	$	(58,489)	$	121,817

Current tax expense of $59.1 million was recorded for 2015 as compared to a current tax expense of $24.6 million for 2014. The change in current tax was primarily due to a reduction in unrecognized tax benefits during 2014, which resulted from the expiration of statutes of limitations to assess taxes in the United Kingdom and several state jurisdictions. This decrease in unrecognized tax benefits resulted in a reduction to current tax expense of $35.4 million during 2014.

Current tax expense of $24.6 million was recorded for 2014 as compared to a current tax expense of $36.4 million for 2013. The change in current tax was primarily due to a reduction in unrecognized tax benefits during 2014, which resulted from the expiration of statutes of limitations to assess taxes in the United Kingdom and several state jurisdictions. This decrease in unrecognized tax benefits resulted in a reduction to current tax expense of $35.4 million during 2014.

Deferred tax expense of $27.8 million was recorded for 2015 compared with deferred tax expense of $33.9 million for 2014. Deferred tax expense for both 2015 and 2014 is primarily due to the valuation allowances recorded against the Company’s federal and state net operating losses during 2015 and 2014.

Deferred tax expense of $33.9 million was recorded for 2014 compared with deferred tax benefit of $158.2 million for 2013. The change in deferred tax is primarily due to the valuation allowance of $339.8 million recorded against the Company’s current period federal and state net operating losses during 2014.

Significant components of the Company's deferred tax liabilities and assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

(In thousands)		2015		2014
Deferred tax liabilities:
	Intangibles and fixed assets	$	2,173,491	$	2,335,584
	Long-term debt		79,758		119,887
	Investments		3,701		6,696
	Other		11,540		8,857
Total deferred tax liabilities			2,268,490		2,471,024

Deferred tax assets:
	Accrued expenses		114,079		111,884
	Net operating loss carryforwards		1,495,294		1,445,340
	Bad debt reserves		9,256		9,346
	Other		39,539		34,017
Total gross deferred tax assets			1,658,168		1,600,587
	Less: Valuation allowance		944,576		655,658
Total deferred tax assets			713,592		944,929
Net deferred tax liabilities		$	1,554,898	$	1,526,095

During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company elected early adoption of ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This update requires companies to classify all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent on the balance sheet instead of separating deferred taxes into current and noncurrent amounts.

The deferred tax liability related to intangibles and fixed assets primarily relates to the difference in book and tax basis of acquired FCC licenses, billboard permits and tax deductible goodwill created from the Company’s various stock acquisitions. In accordance with ASC 350-10, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, the Company does not amortize FCC licenses and billboard permits. As a result, this deferred tax liability will not reverse over time unless the Company recognizes future impairment charges related to its FCC licenses, permits and tax deductible goodwill or sells its FCC licenses or permits. As the Company continues to amortize its tax basis in its FCC licenses, permits and tax deductible goodwill, the deferred tax liability will increase over time. The Company’s net foreign deferred tax liabilities were $9.3 million and $13.6 million for the periods ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

At December 31, 2015, the Company had recorded net operating loss carryforwards (tax effected) for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $1.4 billion, expiring in various amounts through 2035. The Company expects to realize the benefits of a portion of its deferred tax assets attributable to federal and state net operating losses based upon expected future taxable income from deferred tax liabilities that reverse in the relevant federal and state jurisdictions and carryforward periods. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had recorded a partial valuation allowance of $792.4 million against these deferred tax assets attributable to federal and state net operating losses, of which $305.3 million was recorded during the current period ended December 31, 2015. In addition, the Company recorded $8.8 million in additional valuation allowance against its foreign deferred tax assets during the year ended December 31, 2015, the effects of which are included in foreign tax expense. At December 31, 2015, the Company had recorded $134.7 million (tax-effected) of deferred tax assets for foreign net operating loss carryforwards, which are offset in part by an associated valuation allowance of $132.1 million. Additional deferred tax valuation allowance of $20.1 million offsets other foreign deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realized. Realization of these foreign deferred tax assets is dependent upon the Company’s ability to generate future taxable income in appropriate tax jurisdictions and carryforward periods. Due to the Company’s evaluation of all available evidence, including significant negative evidence of cumulative losses in these jurisdictions, the Company continues to record valuation allowances on the foreign deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realized. The Company expects to realize its remaining gross deferred tax assets based upon its assessment of deferred tax liabilities that will reverse in the same carryforward period and jurisdiction and are of the same character as the net operating loss carryforwards and temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets. Any deferred tax liabilities associated with acquired FCC licenses, billboard permits and tax-deductible goodwill intangible assets are not relied upon as a source of future taxable income, as these intangible assets have an indefinite life.

At December 31, 2015, net deferred tax liabilities include a deferred tax asset of $30.9 million relating to stock-based compensation expense under ASC 718-10, Compensation—Stock Compensation. Full realization of this deferred tax asset requires stock options to be exercised at a price equaling or exceeding the sum of the grant price plus the fair value of the option at the grant date and restricted stock to vest at a price equaling or exceeding the fair market value at the grant date. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the stock price of the Company’s common stock will rise to levels sufficient to realize the entire deferred tax benefit currently reflected in its balance sheet.

The reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. Federal statutory tax rates to income tax benefit is:

		Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)		2015			2014			2013
		Amount		Percent	Amount		Percent	Amount		Percent
Income tax benefit at
	statutory rates	$	227,686	35%	$	246,284	35%	$	246,867	35%
State income taxes, net of
	federal tax effect		17,795	3%		26,518	4%		32,768	4%
Foreign income taxes			(23,474)	(4%)		11,074	2%		(22,640)	(3%)
Nondeductible items			(5,764)	(1%)		(5,533)	(1%)		(4,870)	(1%)
Changes in valuation allowance
	and other estimates		(302,935)	(46%)		(333,641)	(47%)		(135,161)	(19%)
Other, net			(265)	0%		(3,191)	(1%)		4,853	1%
Income tax benefit (expense)		$	(86,957)	(13%)	$	(58,489)	(8%)	$	121,817	17%

The Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 is (13%). The effective tax rate for 2015 was impacted by the $305.3 million valuation allowance recorded during the period as additional deferred tax expense. The valuation allowance was recorded against the Company’s current period federal and state net operating losses due to the uncertainty of the ability to utilize those losses in future periods. Foreign income before income taxes was approximately $49.9 million for 2015, and it should be noted that with limited exceptions, tax rates in our foreign jurisdictions are lower than that of the U.S. federal statutory rate.

A tax expense was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014 of (8%). The effective tax rate for 2014 was impacted by the $339.8 million valuation allowance recorded during the period as additional deferred tax expense. The valuation allowance was recorded against a portion of the federal and state net operating losses due to the uncertainty of the ability to utilize those losses in future periods. This expense was partially offset by $28.9 million in net tax benefits associated with a decrease in unrecognized tax benefits resulting from the expiration of statute of limitations to assess taxes in the United Kingdom and several state jurisdictions. Foreign income before income taxes was approximately $97.2 million for 2014.

A tax benefit was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2013 of 17%. The effective tax rate for 2013 was impacted by the $143.5 million valuation allowance recorded during the period as additional deferred tax expense. The valuation allowance was recorded against a portion of the federal and state net operating losses due to the uncertainty of the ability to utilize those losses in future periods. This expense was partially offset by $20.2 million in net tax benefits recorded during the period due to the settlement of certain U.S. federal and state tax examinations during the year. Foreign income before income taxes was approximately $48.3 million for 2013.

The Company provides for any related tax liability on undistributed earnings that the Company does not intend to be indefinitely reinvested outside the United States or would otherwise become taxable upon remittance within our foreign structure. Substantially all of the Company’s undistributed international earnings are intended to be indefinitely reinvested in home country operations outside the United States. If any excess cash held by our foreign subsidiaries were needed to fund operations in the U.S., we could presently repatriate available funds without a requirement to accrue or pay U.S. taxes. This is a result of significant deficits, as calculated for tax law purposes, in our foreign earnings and profits, which gives us flexibility to make future cash distributions as non-taxable returns of capital.

The Company continues to record interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in current income tax expense. The total amount of interest accrued at December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $45.0 million and $40.8 million, respectively. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits and accrued interest and penalties at December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $148.2 million and $147.7 million, respectively, of which $113.6 million and $110.4 million is included in “Other long-term liabilities”, and $0.0 million and $2.3 million is included in “Accrued Expenses” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, respectively. In addition, $34.6 million and $35.0 million of unrecognized tax benefits are recorded net with the Company’s deferred tax assets for its net operating losses as opposed to being recorded in “Other long-term liabilities” at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2015 and 2014 that, if recognized, would impact the effective income tax rate is $54.3 million and $68.8 million, respectively.

(In thousands)		Years Ended December 31,
Unrecognized Tax Benefits		2015		2014
Balance at beginning of period		$	106,914	$	129,375
	Increases for tax position taken in the current year		9,856		13,848
	Increases for tax positions taken in previous years		3,087		6,003
	Decreases for tax position taken in previous years		(8,534)		(9,764)
	Decreases due to settlements with tax authorities		(3,821)		(8,181)
	Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitations		(4,294)		(24,367)
Balance at end of period		$	103,208	$	106,914

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions. During 2015, the statute of limitations for certain tax years expired in the United Kingdom and several state jurisdictions resulting in a reduction to unrecognized tax benefits of $4.3 million, excluding interest. Also during 2015, the Company settled certain U.S. federal and state examinations with taxing authorities, resulting in decreases in unrecognized tax benefits relating to cash tax payments of $3.8 million. All federal income tax matters through 2010 are closed. The IRS is currently auditing the Company’s tax returns for the 2011 and 2012 periods. Substantially all material state, local, and foreign income tax matters have been concluded for years through 2006.