10-Q 1 ihmedia10-q2017q3.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

[X] | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
[ ] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM _________ TO __________

Commission File Number
000-53354
IHEARTMEDIA, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 26-0241222
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
20880 Stone Oak Parkway San Antonio, Texas |  | 78258
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(210) 822-2828
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer [ ] Accelerated filer [ ] Non-accelerated filer [X] Smaller reporting company [ ] Emerging growth company [ ]
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ] No [X]
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
| Class |  | Outstanding at November 6, 2017 |
| ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ |  | ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ |
| Class A Common Stock, $.001 par value |  | 32,079,841 |  | (1) |
| Class B Common Stock, $.001 par value |  | 555,556 |  |  |
| Class C Common Stock, $.001 par value |  | 58,967,502 |  |  |
| Class D Common Stock, $.001 par value |  | — |  |  |
| (1) Outstanding Class A common stock includes 111,291 shares owned by a subsidiary

IHEARTMEDIA, INC.
INDEX

|  | Page No.
Part I – Financial Information |
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 1
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 | 1
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 | 3
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 4
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 18
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 38
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 38
Part II – Other Information |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 39
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 39
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 41
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 41
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 42
Item 5. | Other Information | 42
Item 6. | Exhibits | 42
Signatures | 43

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data) | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
| (Unaudited) |  |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 286,370 |  |  | $ | 845,030 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $40,510 in 2017 and $33,882 in 2016 | 1,433,019 |  |  | 1,364,404 |
Prepaid expenses | 230,209 |  |  | 184,586 |
Assets held for sale | — |  |  | 55,602 |
Other current assets | 77,876 |  |  | 55,065 |
Total Current Assets | 2,027,474 |  |  | 2,504,687 |
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT |  |  |
Structures, net | 1,152,066 |  |  | 1,196,676 |
Other property, plant and equipment, net | 735,997 |  |  | 751,486 |
INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL |  |  |
Indefinite-lived intangibles - licenses | 2,408,184 |  |  | 2,413,899 |
Indefinite-lived intangibles - permits | 977,152 |  |  | 960,966 |
Other intangibles, net | 596,287 |  |  | 740,508 |
Goodwill | 4,083,589 |  |  | 4,066,575 |
OTHER ASSETS |  |  |
Other assets | 276,511 |  |  | 227,450 |
Total Assets | $ | 12,257,260 |  |  | $ | 12,862,247 |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 157,217 |  |  | $ | 142,600 |
Accrued expenses | 718,458 |  |  | 724,793 |
Accrued interest | 149,533 |  |  | 264,170 |
Deferred income | 215,410 |  |  | 200,103 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 619,003 |  |  | 342,908 |
Total Current Liabilities | 1,859,621 |  |  | 1,674,574 |
Long-term debt | 19,995,897 |  |  | 20,022,080 |
Deferred income taxes | 1,460,882 |  |  | 1,457,095 |
Other long-term liabilities | 618,575 |  |  | 593,973 |
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 4) |  |  |  |  |
STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT |  |  |
Noncontrolling interest | 114,133 |  |  | 135,778 |
Class A Common Stock, par value $.001 per share, authorized 400,000,000 shares, issued 32,680,481 and 31,502,448 shares in 2017 and 2016, respectively | 32 |  |  | 31 |
Class B Common Stock, par value $.001 per share, authorized 150,000,000 shares, issued 555,556 shares in 2017 and 2016 | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Class C Common Stock, par value $.001 per share, authorized 100,000,000 shares, issued 58,967,502 shares in 2017 and 2016 | 59 |  |  | 59 |
Class D Common Stock, par value $.001 per share, authorized 200,000,000 shares, no shares issued in 2017 and 2016 | — |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital | 2,072,091 |  |  | 2,070,603 |
Accumulated deficit | (13,544,381 | ) |  | (12,733,952 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (317,208 | ) |  | (355,876 | )
Cost of shares (581,707 in 2017 and 389,920 in 2016) held in treasury | (2,442 | ) |  | (2,119 | )
Total Stockholders' Deficit | (11,677,715 | ) |  | (10,885,475 | )
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficit | $ | 12,257,260 |  |  | $ | 12,862,247 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except per share data) | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Revenue | $ | 1,537,416 |  |  | $ | 1,566,582 |  |  | $ | 4,457,106 |  |  | $ | 4,542,852 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization) | 621,895 |  |  | 591,740 |  |  | 1,807,534 |  |  | 1,771,590 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization) | 438,654 |  |  | 421,700 |  |  | 1,336,563 |  |  | 1,281,849 |
Corporate expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization) | 77,967 |  |  | 86,832 |  |  | 233,487 |  |  | 252,348 |
Depreciation and amortization | 149,749 |  |  | 158,453 |  |  | 443,650 |  |  | 476,053 |
Impairment charges | 7,631 |  |  | 8,000 |  |  | 7,631 |  |  | 8,000 |
Other operating income (expense), net | (13,215 | ) |  | (505 | ) |  | 24,785 |  |  | 219,768 |
Operating income | 228,305 |  |  | 299,352 |  |  | 653,026 |  |  | 972,780 |
Interest expense | 470,250 |  |  | 459,852 |  |  | 1,388,747 |  |  | 1,389,793 |
Loss on investments, net | (2,173 | ) |  | (13,767 | ) |  | (2,433 | ) |  | (13,767 | )
Equity in earnings (loss) of nonconsolidated affiliates | (2,238 | ) |  | 1,117 |  |  | (2,240 | ) |  | (926 | )
Gain on extinguishment of debt | — |  |  | 157,556 |  |  | — |  |  | 157,556 |
Other income (expense), net | 2,223 |  |  | (7,323 | ) |  | (11,244 | ) |  | (47,054 | )
Loss before income taxes | (244,133 | ) |  | (22,917 | ) |  | (751,638 | ) |  | (321,204 | )
Income tax expense | (2,051 | ) |  | (5,613 | ) |  | (50,143 | ) |  | (42,243 | )
Consolidated net loss | (246,184 | ) |  | (28,530 | ) |  | (801,781 | ) |  | (363,447 | )
Less amount attributable to noncontrolling interest | 1,993 |  |  | 6,471 |  |  | 8,648 |  |  | 38,950 |
Net loss attributable to the Company | $ | (248,177 | ) |  | $ | (35,001 | ) |  | $ | (810,429 | ) |  | $ | (402,397 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 13,010 |  |  | 7,356 |  |  | 44,665 |  |  | 43,797 |
Unrealized holding loss on marketable securities | (320 | ) |  | (290 | ) |  | (218 | ) |  | (635 | )
Reclassification adjustments | 6,207 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,563 |  |  | 32,823 |
Other adjustments to comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | 193 |  |  | — |  |  | (3,551 | )
Other comprehensive income | 18,897 |  |  | 7,259 |  |  | 49,010 |  |  | 72,434 |
Comprehensive loss | (229,280 | ) |  | (27,742 | ) |  | (761,419 | ) |  | (329,963 | )
Less amount attributable to noncontrolling interest | 4,289 |  |  | 1,235 |  |  | 10,342 |  |  | 6,365 |
Comprehensive loss attributable to the Company | $ | (233,569 | ) |  | $ | (28,977 | ) |  | $ | (771,761 | ) |  | $ | (336,328 | )
Net loss attributable to the Company per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (2.92 | ) |  | $ | (0.41 | ) |  | $ | (9.55 | ) |  | $ | (4.76 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding - Basic | 85,072 |  |  | 84,650 |  |  | 84,900 |  |  | 84,510 |
Diluted | $ | (2.92 | ) |  | $ | (0.41 | ) |  | $ | (9.55 | ) |  | $ | (4.76 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding - Diluted | 85,072 |  |  | 84,650 |  |  | 84,900 |  |  | 84,510 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands) | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Consolidated net loss | $ | (801,781 | ) |  | $ | (363,447 | )
Reconciling items: |  |  |
Impairment charges | 7,631 |  |  | 8,000 |
Depreciation and amortization | 443,650 |  |  | 476,053 |
Deferred taxes | 12,505 |  |  | (14,097 | )
Provision for doubtful accounts | 20,936 |  |  | 20,042 |
Amortization of deferred financing charges and note discounts, net | 42,682 |  |  | 51,806 |
Share-based compensation | 9,020 |  |  | 10,350 |
Gain on disposal of operating and other assets | (30,149 | ) |  | (227,765 | )
Loss on investments | 2,433 |  |  | 13,767 |
Equity in loss of nonconsolidated affiliates | 2,240 |  |  | 926 |
Gain on extinguishment of debt | — |  |  | (157,556 | )
Barter and trade income | (32,953 | ) |  | (22,126 | )
Foreign exchange transaction (gain) loss | (21,602 | ) |  | 46,533 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions: |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable | (60,984 | ) |  | 16,909 |
Increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets | (41,306 | ) |  | (17,836 | )
Decrease in accrued expenses | (37,819 | ) |  | (60,515 | )
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable | 9,419 |  |  | (39,660 | )
Decrease in accrued interest | (78,087 | ) |  | (92,947 | )
Increase in deferred income | 3,847 |  |  | 37,550 |
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities | (8,399 | ) |  | 41,435 |
Net cash used for operating activities | (558,717 | ) |  | (272,578 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of other investments | (29,498 | ) |  | (33,911 | )
Proceeds from sale of other investments | 5,059 |  |  | 3,256 |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (184,944 | ) |  | (201,038 | )
Proceeds from disposal of assets | 71,320 |  |  | 604,044 |
Purchases of other operating assets | (3,224 | ) |  | (3,464 | )
Change in other, net | (3,693 | ) |  | (2,575 | )
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (144,980 | ) |  | 366,312 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Draws on credit facilities | 60,000 |  |  | — |
Payments on credit facilities | (25,909 | ) |  | (1,728 | )
Proceeds from long-term debt | 156,000 |  |  | 800 |
Payments on long-term debt | (5,385 | ) |  | (226,640 | )
Payments to purchase noncontrolling interests | (953 | ) |  | — |
Dividends and other payments to noncontrolling interests | (41,083 | ) |  | (93,371 | )
Change in other, net | (5,604 | ) |  | (1,644 | )
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | 137,066 |  |  | (322,583 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | 7,971 |  |  | (919 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (558,660 | ) |  | (229,768 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 845,030 |  |  | 772,678 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 286,370 |  |  | $ | 542,910 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES: |  |  |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 1,426,438 |  |  | $ | 1,434,482 |
Cash paid for taxes | 31,668 |  |  | 39,288 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
3

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Preparation of Interim Financial Statements
All references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to iHeartMedia, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The Company’s reportable segments are iHeartMedia (“iHM”), Americas outdoor advertising (“Americas outdoor” or “Americas outdoor advertising”) and International outdoor advertising (“International outdoor” or “International outdoor advertising”).
The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, in the opinion of management, include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods shown. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. Management believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Due to seasonality and other factors, the results for the interim periods may not be indicative of results for the full year. The financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Th e consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Also included in the consolidated financial statements are entities for which the Company has a controlling financial interest or is the primary beneficiary. Investments in companies in which the Company owns 20% to 50% of the voting common stock or otherwise exercises significant influence over operating and financial policies of the company are accounted for under the equity method. All significant intercompany transactions are eliminated in the consolidation process. Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2017 presentation.
Going Concern Considerations
During the second quarter of 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. This update provides U.S. GAAP guidance on management’s responsibility in evaluating whether there is substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern and about related footnote disclosures. The Company adopted this standard for the year ended December 31, 2016. Under this standard, the Company is required to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern each reporting period, including interim periods.
In evaluating the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, management considered the conditions and events that could raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for 12 months following the date the Company’s financial statements were issued (November 8, 2017). Management considered the Company’s current financial condition and liquidity sources, including current funds available, forecasted future cash flows and the Company’s conditional and unconditional obligations due before November 8, 2018.
As of September 30, 2017, the Company had $286.4 million of cash and cash equivalents on its balance sheet, including $222.4 million of cash and cash equivalents held by the Company's subsidiary, Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc. ("CCOH"). As of September 30, 2017, the Company had $85.0 million of excess availability under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility, subject to limitations in iHeartCommunications' material financing agreements. A substantial amount of the Company's cash requirements are for debt service obligations. Although the Company has generated operating income in excess of $1.0 billion in each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company incurred net losses and had negative cash flows from operations for each of these years as a result of significant cash interest payments arising from the Company's substantial debt balance. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company used cash of $558.7 million for operating activities, which included cash paid for interest of $1,426.4 million. The Company's current forecast indicates it will continue to incur net losses and generate negative cash flows from operating activities as a result of the Company's indebtedness and significant related interest expense. At September 30, 2017, the Company had debt maturities totaling $366.9 million, $308.5 million (net of $277.1 million due to certain of our subsidiaries) and $8,368.9 million in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. In October 2017, iHeartCommunications exchanged $45.0 million principal amount of 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 that were held by a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications for $45.0 million principal amount of 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 that were held by unaffiliated third parties. After the exchanges, the Company's debt maturities in the next 12 months include, (i) $365.0 million outstanding under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility, which matures on December 24, 2017, (ii) $51.5 million of 10% Senior Notes due January 15, 2018, (iii) $175.0 million of 6.875% Senior Notes due June 15, 2018 and (iv) $24.8
4

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
million of contractual AHYDO catch-up payments to be made on iHeartCommunications' 14% Senior Notes due 2021 on the interest payment due on August 1, 2018. The Company's forecast includes approximately $1.8 billion in cash interest payments in the next 12 months, of which $344.6 million is payable in the quarter ended December 31, 2017 and $548.2 million is payable in the first quarter of 2018. In addition, in certain circumstances, a committee of the CCOH board of directors formed for the specific purpose of monitoring the Intercompany Note (the “CCOH Intercompany Note Committee”) has the non-exclusive authority to demand payments under the Intercompany Note, as long as the CCOH board of directors declares a simultaneous dividend equal to the amount so demanded. As of November 8, 2017, the CCOH Intercompany Note Committee has the right pursuant to the terms of the settlement of the derivative litigation filed by CCOH’s stockholders regarding the Intercompany Note but not the obligation, to make a demand on the Intercompany Note. If the CCOH Intercompany Note Committee exercises this right to demand a full repayment of the Intercompany Note and the CCOH board of directors declares a simultaneous dividend, based on the balance of the Intercompany Note outstanding at September 30, 2017, approximately $110.4 million would be payable to the public stockholders of CCOH. If the Company is unable to refinance the amounts outstanding under the receivables-based credit facility, the 10% Senior Notes due January 15, 2018, and/or the 6.875% Senior Notes due June 15, 2018 and take other steps to create additional liquidity, forecasted cash flows are not sufficient for the Company to meet its obligations, including upcoming interest payments and maturities on the Company's outstanding debt, as they become due in the ordinary course of business for a period of 12 months following November 8, 2017. As discussed below, the Company has plans to reduce its principal and interest obligations and to create additional liquidity.
The Company is in advanced negotiations with potential lenders to refinance the amounts outstanding under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility and currently expects to refinance the amounts outstanding under that facility prior to its maturity. In addition, management is taking actions to maximize cash available to meet the Company’s obligations as they become due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, as more fully described in Note 3, the Company launched notes exchange offers and term loan offers in March 2017, which notes exchange offers and term loan offers remain open as of November 8, 2017. The Company has engaged in discussions with many of its lenders and noteholders regarding the terms of the global exchange offers and term loan offers, which have been revised since launch and remain subject to substantial further revision, but no agreement has been reached with respect to those discussions and the discussions remain ongoing. These actions are intended to mitigate those conditions which raise substantial doubt of the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period within 12 months following November 8, 2017.
While the Company continues to work toward completing the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers or other similar transactions, refinancing the amounts outstanding under the receivables-based credit facility and taking other actions to create additional liquidity, there is no assurance that the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers or other similar transactions, will be completed, that the amount outstanding under the receivables-based credit facility will be refinanced or that the Company will be able to create additional liquidity. The Company’s ability to meet its obligations as they become due in the ordinary course of business for the next 12 months will depend on its ability to achieve forecasted results, its ability to conserve cash, its ability to refinance the amounts outstanding under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility, its ability to successfully complete the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers or other similar transactions and achieve sufficient cash interest savings therefrom and its ability to complete other liquidity-generating transactions. Based on the uncertainty of achieving these actions and the significance of the forecasted future negative cash flows resulting from the Company's substantial debt balance, including anticipated future cash interest payments (including interest due in the fourth quarter of 2017 and in 2018) and the maturities of the $365.0 million in current borrowings under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility that matures December 24, 2017, the $51.5 million aggregate principal amount of 10% Senior Notes due January 15, 2018, the $175.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.875% Senior Notes due June 15, 2018 and the $24.8 million of contractual AHYDO catch-up payments to be made on iHeartCommunications' 14% Senior Notes due 2021 beginning with the interest payment due on August 1, 2018, management has determined that there is substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of 12 months following November 8, 2017.
5

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
New Accounting Pronouncements
During the third quarter of 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date. This update provides a one-year deferral of the effective date for ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU No. 2014-09 provides guidance for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of revenue resulting from contracts with customers and will supersede virtually all of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The standard is effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The two permitted transition methods under the new standard are the full retrospective method, in which case the standard would be applied to each prior reporting period presented and the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the earliest period shown, or the modified retrospective method, in which case the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the date of initial application. The Company expects to utilize the full retrospective method. The Company has substantially completed its evaluation of the potential changes from adopting the new standard on its future financial reporting and disclosures, which included reviews of contractual terms for all of the Company’s significant revenue streams and the development of an implementation plan. The Company continues to execute on its implementation plan, including detailed policy drafting and training of segment personnel. Based on its evaluation, the Company does not expect material changes to its 2016 or 2017 consolidated revenues, operating income or balance sheets as a result of the implementation of this standard.
During the first quarter of 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new leasing standard presents significant changes to the balance sheets of lessees. Lessor accounting is updated to align with certain changes in the lessee model and the new revenue recognition standard which was issued in the third quarter of 2015. The standard is effective for annual periods, and for interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements.
During the first quarter of 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350). This update eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value. The standard is effective for annual and any interim impairment tests performed for periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements.
During the second quarter of 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718). This update mandates that entities will apply the modification accounting guidance if the value, vesting conditions or classification of a stock-based award changes. Entities will have to make all of the disclosures about modifications that are required today, in addition to disclosing that compensation expense hasn't changed. Additionally, the new guidance also clarifies that a modification to an award could be significant and therefore require disclosure, even if the modification accounting is not required. The guidance will be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date and is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements.
6

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
NOTE 2 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
Dispositions
In January 2017, Americas outdoor sold its Indianapolis, Indiana market to Fairway Media Group, LLC in exchange for certain assets in Atlanta, Georgia with a fair value of $39.4 million, plus $43.1 million in cash, net of closing costs. The assets acquired as part of the transaction consisted of $9.9 million in fixed assets and $29.5 million in intangible assets (including $2.3 million in goodwill). The Company recognized a net gain of $28.9 million related to the sale, which is included within Other operating income (expense), net.
During the third quarter of 2017, Americas outdoor sold its ownership interest in a joint venture in Canada. As a result, the Company recognized a net loss on sale of $12.1 million, including a $6.3 million cumulative translation adjustment, which is included within Other operating income (expense), net.
Property, Plant and Equipment
The Company’s property, plant and equipment consisted of the following classes of assets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Land, buildings and improvements | $ | 578,054 |  |  | $ | 570,566 |
Structures | 2,807,023 |  |  | 2,684,673 |
Towers, transmitters and studio equipment | 356,222 |  |  | 350,760 |
Furniture and other equipment | 689,227 |  |  | 622,848 |
Construction in progress | 93,850 |  |  | 91,655 |
| 4,524,376 |  |  | 4,320,502 |
Less: accumulated depreciation | 2,636,313 |  |  | 2,372,340 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 1,888,063 |  |  | $ | 1,948,162 |

Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets
The Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) broadcast licenses in its iHM segment and billboard permits in its Americas outdoor advertising segment. Due to significant differences in both business practices and regulations, billboards in the International outdoor segment are subject to long-term, finite contracts unlike the Company’s permits in the United States and Canada. Accordingly, there are no indefinite-lived intangible assets in the International outdoor segment.
Annual Impairment Test on Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets
The Company performs its annual impairment test on indefinite-lived intangible assets as of July 1 of each year.
The impairment tests for indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of a comparison between the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset at the market level with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized equal to that excess. After an impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying amount of the indefinite-lived asset is its new accounting basis. The fair value of the indefinite-lived asset is determined using the direct valuation method as prescribed in ASC 805-20-S99. Under the direct valuation method, the fair value of the indefinite-lived assets is calculated at the market level as prescribed by ASC 350-30-35. The Company engaged a third-party valuation firm, to assist it in the development of the assumptions and the Company’s determination of the fair value of its indefinite-lived intangible assets.
The application of the direct valuation method attempts to isolate the income that is attributable to the indefinite-lived intangible asset alone (that is, apart from tangible and identified intangible assets and goodwill). It is based upon modeling a hypothetical “greenfield” build-up to a “normalized” enterprise that, by design, lacks inherent goodwill and whose only other assets have essentially been paid for (or added) as part of the build-up process. The Company forecasts revenue, expenses, and cash flows over a ten-year period for each of its markets in its application of the direct valuation method. The Company also calculates a
7

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
“normalized” residual year which represents the perpetual cash flows of each market. The residual year cash flow was capitalized to arrive at the terminal value of the licenses in each market.
Under the direct valuation method, it is assumed that rather than acquiring indefinite-lived intangible assets as part of a going concern business, the buyer hypothetically develops indefinite-lived intangible assets and builds a new operation with similar attributes from scratch. Thus, the buyer incurs start-up costs during the build-up phase which are normally associated with going concern value. Initial capital costs are deducted from the discounted cash flow model which results in value that is directly attributable to the indefinite-lived intangible assets.
The key assumptions using the direct valuation method are market revenue growth rates, market share, profit margin, duration and profile of the build-up period, estimated start-up capital costs and losses incurred during the build-up period, the risk-adjusted discount rate and terminal values. This data is populated using industry normalized information representing an average FCC license or billboard permit within a market.
The Company recognized impairment charges related to its indefinite-lived intangible assets within one iHM radio market of $6.0 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Company recognized impairment charges related to its indefinite-lived intangible assets of $0.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Other Intangible Assets
Other intangible assets include definite-lived intangible assets and permanent easements. The Company’s definite-lived intangible assets primarily include transit and street furniture contracts, talent and representation contracts, customer and advertiser relationships, and site-leases and other contractual rights, all of which are amortized over the shorter of either the respective lives of the agreements or over the period of time the assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the Company’s future cash flows. Permanent easements are indefinite-lived intangible assets which include certain rights to use real property not owned by the Company. The Company periodically reviews the appropriateness of the amortization periods related to its definite-lived intangible assets. These assets are recorded at cost.
The following table presents the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for each major class of other intangible assets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization
Transit, street furniture and other outdoor contractual rights | $ | 587,099 |  |  | $ | (469,982 | ) |  | $ | 563,863 |  |  | $ | (426,752 | )
Customer / advertiser relationships | 1,222,518 |  |  | (1,103,001 | ) |  | 1,222,519 |  |  | (1,012,380 | )
Talent contracts | 319,384 |  |  | (292,932 | ) |  | 319,384 |  |  | (281,060 | )
Representation contracts | 253,350 |  |  | (236,157 | ) |  | 253,511 |  |  | (229,413 | )
Permanent easements | 162,920 |  |  | — |  |  | 159,782 |  |  | — |
Other | 390,302 |  |  | (237,214 | ) |  | 390,171 |  |  | (219,117 | )
Total | $ | 2,935,573 |  |  | $ | (2,339,286 | ) |  | $ | 2,909,230 |  |  | $ | (2,168,722 | )

Total amortization expense related to definite-lived intangible assets for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $49.5 million and $55.6 million, respectively. Total amortization expense related to definite-lived intangible assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $148.2 million and $167.7 million, respectively.
8

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
As acquisitions and dispositions occur in the future, amortization expense may vary. The following table presents the Company’s estimate of amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years for definite-lived intangible assets:

(In thousands) |
2018 | $ | 127,795 |
2019 | 44,958 |
2020 | 38,326 |
2021 | 34,815 |
2022 | 30,007 |

Goodwill
Annual Impairment Test to Goodwill
The Company performs its annual impairment test on goodwill as of July 1 of each year.
Each of the U.S. radio markets and outdoor advertising markets are components of the Company. The U.S. radio markets are aggregated into a single reporting unit and the U.S. outdoor advertising markets are aggregated into a single reporting unit for purposes of the goodwill impairment test using the guidance in ASC 350-20-55. The Company also determined that each country within its Americas outdoor segment and International outdoor segment constitutes a separate reporting unit.
The goodwill impairment test is a two-step process. The first step, used to screen for potential impairment, compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If applicable, the second step, used to measure the amount of the impairment loss, compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill.
Each of the Company’s reporting units is valued using a discounted cash flow model which requires estimating future cash flows expected to be generated from the reporting unit and discounting such cash flows to their present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate. Terminal values were also estimated and discounted to their present value. Assessing the recoverability of goodwill requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions about sales, operating margins, growth rates and discount rates based on its budgets, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and marketplace data. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and management’s judgment in applying these factors.
The Company recognized goodwill impairment of $1.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to one market in the Company's International outdoor segment. The Company recognized goodwill impairment of $7.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 related to one market in the Company's International outdoor segment.
9

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill in each of the Company’s reportable segments:

(In thousands) | iHM |  | Americas Outdoor Advertising |  | International Outdoor Advertising |  | Other |  | Consolidated
Balance as of December 31, 2015 | $ | 3,288,481 |  |  | $ | 534,683 |  |  | $ | 223,892 |  |  | $ | 81,831 |  |  | $ | 4,128,887 |
Impairment | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,274 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,274 | )
Dispositions | — |  |  | (6,934 | ) |  | (30,718 | ) |  | — |  |  | (37,652 | )
Foreign currency | — |  |  | (1,998 | ) |  | (5,051 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,049 | )
Assets held for sale | — |  |  | (10,337 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,337 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2016 | $ | 3,288,481 |  |  | $ | 515,414 |  |  | $ | 180,849 |  |  | $ | 81,831 |  |  | $ | 4,066,575 |
Impairment | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,591 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,591 | )
Acquisitions | — |  |  | 2,252 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,252 |
Dispositions | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,817 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,817 | )
Foreign currency | — |  |  | 654 |  |  | 17,427 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,081 |
Assets held for sale | — |  |  | 89 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 89 |
Balance as of September 30, 2017 | $ | 3,288,481 |  |  | $ | 518,409 |  |  | $ | 194,868 |  |  | $ | 81,831 |  |  | $ | 4,083,589 |

NOTE 3 – LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Senior Secured Credit Facilities(1) | $ | 6,300,000 |  |  | $ | 6,300,000 |
Receivables Based Credit Facility Due 2017(2) | 365,000 |  |  | 330,000 |
9.0% Priority Guarantee Notes Due 2019 | 1,999,815 |  |  | 1,999,815 |
9.0% Priority Guarantee Notes Due 2021 | 1,750,000 |  |  | 1,750,000 |
11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes Due 2021 | 825,546 |  |  | 575,000 |
9.0% Priority Guarantee Notes Due 2022 | 1,000,000 |  |  | 1,000,000 |
10.625% Priority Guarantee Notes Due 2023 | 950,000 |  |  | 950,000 |
Subsidiary Revolving Credit Facility Due 2018(3) | — |  |  | — |
Other secured subsidiary debt(4) | 8,681 |  |  | 20,987 |
Total consolidated secured debt | 13,199,042 |  |  | 12,925,802 |
14.0% Senior Notes Due 2021(5) | 1,763,925 |  |  | 1,729,168 |
Legacy Notes(6) | 475,000 |  |  | 475,000 |
10.0% Senior Notes Due 2018 | 96,482 |  |  | 347,028 |
Subsidiary Senior Notes due 2022 | 2,725,000 |  |  | 2,725,000 |
Subsidiary Senior Subordinated Notes due 2020 | 2,200,000 |  |  | 2,200,000 |
Clear Channel International B.V. Senior Notes due 2020 | 375,000 |  |  | 225,000 |
Other subsidiary debt | 25,588 |  |  | 27,954 |
Purchase accounting adjustments and original issue discount | (142,796 | ) |  | (166,961 | )
Long-term debt fees | (102,341 | ) |  | (123,003 | )
Total debt | 20,614,900 |  |  | 20,364,988 |
Less: current portion | 619,003 |  |  | 342,908 |
Total long-term debt | $ | 19,995,897 |  |  | $ | 20,022,080 |

10

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

(1) | Term Loan D and Term Loan E mature in 2019.

(2) | The Receivables Based Credit Facility, which matures December 24, 2017, provides for borrowings up to the lesser of $535.0 million (the revolving credit commitment) or the borrowing base, subject to certain limitations contained in iHeartCommunications' material financing agreements.

(3) | The Subsidiary Revolving Credit Facility provides for borrowings up to $75.0 million (the revolving credit commitment).

(4) | Other secured subsidiary debt matures at various dates from 2017 through 2045.

(5) | The 14.0% Senior Notes due 2021 are subject to required payments at various dates from 2018 through 2021. 2.0% per annum of the interest is paid through the issuance of payment-in-kind notes in the first and third quarters.

(6) | iHeartCommunications' Legacy Notes, all of which were issued prior to the acquisition of iHeartCommunications by the Company in 2008, consist of Senior Notes maturing at various dates in 2018 and 2027, as well as $57.1 million of Senior Notes due 2016 held by a subsidiary of the Company that remain outstanding but are eliminated for purposes of consolidation of the Company’s financial statements.

The Company’s weighted average interest rate was 8.7% and 8.5% as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The aggregate market value of the Company’s debt based on market prices for which quotes were available was approximately $15.8 billion and $16.7 billion as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Under the fair value hierarchy established by ASC 820-10-35, the market value of the Company’s debt is classified as either Level 1 or Level 2.
On January 31, 2017, iHeartCommunications repaid $25.0 million of the amount borrowed under its receivables-based credit facility. On July 31, 2017, iHeartCommunications borrowed an additional $60.0 million on its receivables-based credit facility, bringing the total amount outstanding under this facility as of September 30, 2017 to $365.0 million.
On February 7, 2017, iHeartCommunications completed an exchange offer by issuing $476.4 million in aggregate principal amount of 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 in exchange for $476.4 million of aggregate principal amount outstanding of its 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018. Of the $476.4 million principal amount of 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 issued in the exchange offer, $241.4 million principal amount was issued to subsidiaries of iHeartCommunications that participated in the exchange offer.
On March 15, 2017, iHeartCommunications commenced exchange offers (the “notes exchange offers”) to exchange certain series of its outstanding debt securities (the “Existing Notes”) for new securities of the Company, iHeartCommunications and CC Outdoor Holdings, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and concurrent consent solicitations with respect to the terms of the Existing Notes. On March 15, 2017, the Company also commenced offers (the “term loan offers”) to amend its outstanding Term Loan D and Term Loan E under its senior secured credit facilities and/or to issue new securities of the Company, CC Outdoor Holdings, Inc., Broader Media, LLC and/or iHeartCommunications to the lenders depending on the scenario in which the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers close. The terms of the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers have been revised and are subject to substantial further revision, and the offers may never be consummated, on the terms currently proposed or otherwise. Both the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers were open as of November 8, 2017.
On July 10, 2017, a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications exchanged $15.6 million aggregate principal amount of 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 that were held by a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications for $15.6 million aggregate principal amount of its 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 that were held by an unaffiliated third party.
On August 14, 2017, Clear Channel International B.V. (“CCIBV”), an indirect subsidiary of the Company, issued $150.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.75% Senior Notes due 2020 (the “New Notes”). The New Notes were issued as additional notes under the indenture governing CCIBV’s existing 8.75% Senior Notes due 2020 and were issued at a premium, resulting in $156.0 million in proceeds. The New Notes mature on December 15, 2020 and bear interest at a rate of 8.75% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year.
In October 2017, a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications exchanged $45.0 million aggregate principal amount of 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 that were held by a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications for $45.0 million aggregate principal amount of 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 that were held by unaffiliated third parties.
11

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
Surety Bonds, Letters of Credit and Guarantees
As of September 30, 2017, the Company and its subsidiaries had outstanding surety bonds, commercial standby letters of credit and bank guarantees of $72.1 million, $144.5 million and $36.6 million, respectively. Bank guarantees and letters of credit of $17.3 million and $28.8 million, respectively, were backed by cash collateral. These surety bonds, letters of credit and bank guarantees relate to various operational matters including insurance, bid, concession and performance bonds as well as other items.
NOTE 4 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in certain legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business and, as required, have accrued an estimate of the probable costs for the resolution of those claims for which the occurrence of loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These estimates have been developed in consultation with counsel and are based upon an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. It is possible, however, that future results of operations for any particular period could be materially affected by changes in the Company’s assumptions or the effectiveness of its strategies related to these proceedings. Additionally, due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation, there can be no assurance that the resolution of any particular claim or proceeding would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.
Although the Company is involved in a variety of legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, a large portion of the Company’s litigation arises in the following contexts: commercial disputes; defamation matters; employment and benefits related claims; governmental fines; intellectual property claims; and tax disputes.
International Outdoor Investigation
On April 21, 2015, inspections were conducted at the premises of Clear Channel in Denmark and Sweden as part of an investigation by Danish competition authorities. Additionally, on the same day, Clear Channel UK received a communication from the UK competition authorities, also in connection with the investigation by Danish competition authorities. Clear Channel and its affiliates are cooperating with the national competition authorities.
Stockholder Litigation
On May 9, 2016, a stockholder of Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc. ("CCOH") filed a derivative lawsuit in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, captioned GAMCO Asset Management Inc. v. iHeartMedia Inc. et al., C.A. No. 12312-VCS. The complaint names as defendants the Company, iHeartCommunications, Inc. ("iHeartCommunications"), an indirect subsidiary of the Company, Bain Capital Partners, LLC and Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P. (together, the "Sponsor Defendants"), the Company's private equity sponsors and majority owners, and the members of CCOH's board of directors. CCOH also is named as a nominal defendant. The complaint alleges that CCOH has been harmed by the intercompany agreements with iHeartCommunications, CCOH’s lack of autonomy over its own cash and the actions of the defendants in serving the interests of the Company, iHeartCommunications and the Sponsor Defendants to the detriment of CCOH and its minority stockholders. Specifically, the complaint alleges that the defendants have breached their fiduciary duties by causing CCOH to: (i) continue to loan cash to iHeartCommunications under the intercompany note at below-market rates; (ii) abandon its growth and acquisition strategies in favor of transactions that would provide cash to the Company and iHeartCommunications; (iii) issue new debt in the CCIBV note offering (the "CCIBV Note Offering") to provide cash to the Company and iHeartCommunications through a dividend; and (iv) effect the sales of certain outdoor markets in the U.S. (the "Outdoor Asset Sales") allegedly to provide cash to the Company and iHeartCommunications through a dividend. The complaint also alleges that the Company, iHeartCommunications and the Sponsor Defendants aided and abetted the directors' breaches of their fiduciary duties. The complaint further alleges that the Company, iHeartCommunications and the Sponsor Defendants were unjustly enriched as a result of these transactions and that these transactions constituted a waste of corporate assets for which the defendants are liable to CCOH. The plaintiff is seeking, among other things, a ruling that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties to CCOH and that the Company, iHeartCommunications and the Sponsor Defendants aided and abetted the CCOH board of directors' breaches of fiduciary duty, rescission of payments made by CCOH to iHeartCommunications and its affiliates pursuant to dividends declared in connection with the CCIBV Note Offering and Outdoor Asset Sales, and an order requiring the Company, iHeartCommunications and the Sponsor Defendants to disgorge all profits they have received as a result of the alleged fiduciary misconduct.
On July 20, 2016, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss plaintiff's verified stockholder derivative complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. On November 23, 2016, the Court granted defendants' motion to dismiss all claims brought by the plaintiff. On December 19, 2016, the plaintiff filed a notice of appeal of the ruling. The oral hearing on the appeal
12

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
was held on October 11, 2017. On October 12, 2017, the Supreme Court of Delaware affirmed the lower court's ruling, dismissing the case.
NOTE 5 – INCOME TAXES
Income Tax Expense
The Company’s income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, consisted of the following components:

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Current tax benefit (expense) | $ | 7,349 |  |  | $ | (9,339 | ) |  | $ | (37,638 | ) |  | $ | (56,340 | )
Deferred tax benefit (expense) | (9,400 | ) |  | 3,726 |  |  | (12,505 | ) |  | 14,097 |
Income tax expense | $ | (2,051 | ) |  | $ | (5,613 | ) |  | $ | (50,143 | ) |  | $ | (42,243 | )

The effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were (0.8)% and (24.5)%, respectively. The effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were (6.7)% and (13.2)%, respectively. The 2017 and 2016 effective tax rates were primarily impacted by the valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets resulting from current period net operating losses in U.S. federal, state and certain foreign jurisdictions due to uncertainty regarding the Company's ability to realize those assets in future periods.
NOTE 6 – STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
The Company reports its noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries as a component of equity separate from the Company’s equity. The following table shows the changes in stockholders' deficit attributable to the Company and the noncontrolling interests of subsidiaries in which the Company has a majority, but not total, ownership interest:

(In thousands) | The Company |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Consolidated
Balance as of January 1, 2017 | $ | (11,021,253 | ) |  | $ | 135,778 |  |  | $ | (10,885,475 | )
Net income (loss) | (810,429 | ) |  | 8,648 |  |  | (801,781 | )
Dividends declared and other payments to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | (43,540 | ) |  | (43,540 | )
Share-based compensation | 1,867 |  |  | 7,153 |  |  | 9,020 |
Purchases of additional noncontrolling interest | (378 | ) |  | (575 | ) |  | (953 | )
Disposal of noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | (2,438 | ) |  | (2,438 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 34,785 |  |  | 9,880 |  |  | 44,665 |
Unrealized holding loss on marketable securities | (195 | ) |  | (23 | ) |  | (218 | )
Reclassification adjustments | 4,078 |  |  | 485 |  |  | 4,563 |
Other, net | (323 | ) |  | (1,235 | ) |  | (1,558 | )
Balances as of September 30, 2017 | $ | (11,791,848 | ) |  | $ | 114,133 |  |  | $ | (11,677,715 | )

13

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands) | The Company |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Consolidated
Balance as of January 1, 2016 | $ | (10,784,841 | ) |  | $ | 178,160 |  |  | $ | (10,606,681 | )
Net income (loss) | (402,397 | ) |  | 38,950 |  |  | (363,447 | )
Dividends declared and other payments to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | (74,542 | ) |  | (74,542 | )
Share-based compensation | 2,159 |  |  | 8,191 |  |  | 10,350 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 40,914 |  |  | 2,883 |  |  | 43,797 |
Unrealized holding loss on marketable securities | (571 | ) |  | (64 | ) |  | (635 | )
Reclassification adjustments | 28,919 |  |  | 3,904 |  |  | 32,823 |
Other adjustments to comprehensive loss | (3,193 | ) |  | (358 | ) |  | (3,551 | )
Other, net | (1,389 | ) |  | 495 |  |  | (894 | )
Balances as of September 30, 2016 | $ | (11,120,399 | ) |  | $ | 157,619 |  |  | $ | (10,962,780 | )

The Company has granted restricted stock and CCOH has granted restricted stock, restricted stock units and options to purchase shares of CCOH's Class A common stock to certain key individuals.
COMPUTATION OF LOSS PER SHARE

(In thousands, except per share data) | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
NUMERATOR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss attributable to the Company – common shares | $ | (248,177 | ) |  | $ | (35,001 | ) |  | $ | (810,429 | ) |  | $ | (402,397 | )
DENOMINATOR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic | 85,072 |  |  | 84,650 |  |  | 84,900 |  |  | 84,510 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted(1) | 85,072 |  |  | 84,650 |  |  | 84,900 |  |  | 84,510 |
Net loss attributable to the Company per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (2.92 | ) |  | $ | (0.41 | ) |  | $ | (9.55 | ) |  | $ | (4.76 | )
Diluted | $ | (2.92 | ) |  | $ | (0.41 | ) |  | $ | (9.55 | ) |  | $ | (4.76 | )

(1) | Outstanding equity awards of 8.5 million and 8.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and 8.5 million and 8.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been antidilutive.

NOTE 7 — OTHER INFORMATION
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
There was no change in deferred income tax liabilities resulting from adjustments to comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The total increase (decrease) in deferred income tax liabilities of other adjustments to comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $0.1 million and $(0.7) million.
Trade and Barter
Trade and barter transactions represent the exchange of advertising spots or display space for merchandise, services or other assets in the ordinary course of business. These transactions are recorded at the estimated fair market value of the advertising spots or display space or the fair value of the merchandise or services or other assets received, whichever is most readily determinable. Trade and barter revenues and expenses from continuing operations are included in consolidated revenue and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively.
14

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
Trade and barter revenues for the Company were $49.1 million and $30.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $161.7 million and $105.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Trade and barter expenses for the Company were $36.6 million and $23.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $129.2 million and $81.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Trade and barter revenues for our iHeartMedia segment were $45.9 million and $26.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $149.2 million and $98.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Trade and barter expenses for our iHeartMedia segment were $32.2 million and $21.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $118.7 million and $75.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Investments
During the third quarter of 2017 the Company determined that some of its investments had declined in value. Such decline in value was considered to be other than temporary, and the Company recorded a loss on investments of $1.6 million to state the investments at their estimated fair value. During the third quarter of 2016 the Company recorded a loss on investments of $14.5 million on one of its investments.
NOTE 8 – SEGMENT DATA
The Company’s reportable segments, which it believes best reflect how the Company is currently managed, are iHM, Americas outdoor advertising and International outdoor advertising. Revenue and expenses earned and charged between segments are recorded at estimated fair value and eliminated in consolidation. The iHM segment provides media and entertainment services via broadcast and digital delivery and also includes the Company’s events and national syndication businesses. The Americas outdoor advertising segment consists of operations primarily in the United States, Canada and Latin America. The International outdoor advertising segment primarily includes operations in Europe and Asia. The Other category includes the Company’s media representation business as well as other general support services and initiatives that are ancillary to the Company’s other businesses. Corporate includes infrastructure and support, including information technology, human resources, legal, finance and administrative functions for each of the Company’s reportable segments, as well as overall executive, administrative and support functions. Share-based payments are recorded in corporate expense.
15

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
The following table presents the Company's reportable segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

(In thousands) | iHM |  | Americas Outdoor |  | International Outdoor |  | Other |  | Corporate and other reconciling items |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Revenue | $ | 859,531 |  |  | $ | 316,587 |  |  | $ | 328,502 |  |  | $ | 34,452 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,656 | ) |  | $ | 1,537,416 |
Direct operating expenses | 265,795 |  |  | 141,609 |  |  | 214,491 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 621,895 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 287,676 |  |  | 54,689 |  |  | 73,708 |  |  | 23,298 |  |  | — |  |  | (717 | ) |  | 438,654 |
Corporate expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 78,906 |  |  | (939 | ) |  | 77,967 |
Depreciation and amortization | 58,089 |  |  | 47,035 |  |  | 32,886 |  |  | 3,893 |  |  | 7,846 |  |  | — |  |  | 149,749 |
Impairment charges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,631 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,631 |
Other operating expense, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13,215 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13,215 | )
Operating income (loss) | $ | 247,971 |  |  | $ | 73,254 |  |  | $ | 7,417 |  |  | $ | 7,261 |  |  | $ | (107,598 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 228,305 |
Intersegment revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,656 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,656 |
Capital expenditures | $ | 14,009 |  |  | $ | 5,118 |  |  | $ | 26,211 |  |  | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | 2,802 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 48,324 |
Share-based compensation expense | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,539 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,539 |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
Revenue | $ | 857,099 |  |  | $ | 322,997 |  |  | $ | 346,224 |  |  | $ | 41,414 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,152 | ) |  | $ | 1,566,582 |
Direct operating expenses | 229,668 |  |  | 142,989 |  |  | 219,261 |  |  | (178 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 591,740 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 268,612 |  |  | 54,500 |  |  | 71,664 |  |  | 27,466 |  |  | — |  |  | (542 | ) |  | 421,700 |
Corporate expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 87,442 |  |  | (610 | ) |  | 86,832 |
Depreciation and amortization | 60,691 |  |  | 47,242 |  |  | 37,018 |  |  | 4,483 |  |  | 9,019 |  |  | — |  |  | 158,453 |
Impairment charges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,000 |
Other operating expense, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (505 | ) |  | — |  |  | (505 | )
Operating income (loss) | $ | 298,128 |  |  | $ | 78,266 |  |  | $ | 18,281 |  |  | $ | 9,643 |  |  | $ | (104,966 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 299,352 |
Intersegment revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,152 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,152 |
Capital expenditures | $ | 23,238 |  |  | $ | 19,114 |  |  | $ | 30,803 |  |  | $ | 582 |  |  | $ | 3,596 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 77,333 |
Share-based compensation expense | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,484 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,484 |

16

IHEARTMEDIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands) | iHM |  | Americas Outdoor |  | International Outdoor |  | Other |  | Corporate and other reconciling items |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 2,501,084 |  |  | $ | 919,967 |  |  | $ | 942,167 |  |  | $ | 99,332 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (5,444 | ) |  | $ | 4,457,106 |
Direct operating expenses | 773,327 |  |  | 427,181 |  |  | 607,023 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,807,534 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 894,669 |  |  | 165,538 |  |  | 204,531 |  |  | 74,519 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,694 | ) |  | 1,336,563 |
Corporate expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 236,237 |  |  | (2,750 | ) |  | 233,487 |
Depreciation and amortization | 174,946 |  |  | 137,689 |  |  | 95,149 |  |  | 11,097 |  |  | 24,769 |  |  | — |  |  | 443,650 |
Impairment charges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,631 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,631 |
Other operating income, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,785 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,785 |
Operating income (loss) | $ | 658,142 |  |  | $ | 189,559 |  |  | $ | 35,464 |  |  | $ | 13,713 |  |  | $ | (243,852 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 653,026 |
Intersegment revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,444 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,444 |
Capital expenditures | $ | 44,353 |  |  | $ | 48,749 |  |  | $ | 83,851 |  |  | $ | 551 |  |  | $ | 7,440 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 184,944 |
Share-based compensation expense | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,020 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,020 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 2,463,899 |  |  | $ | 931,058 |  |  | $ | 1,035,263 |  |  | $ | 114,663 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,031 | ) |  | $ | 4,542,852 |
Direct operating expenses | 704,097 |  |  | 421,039 |  |  | 645,199 |  |  | 1,255 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,771,590 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 812,344 |  |  | 167,660 |  |  | 220,872 |  |  | 82,394 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,421 | ) |  | 1,281,849 |
Corporate expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 252,958 |  |  | (610 | ) |  | 252,348 |
Depreciation and amortization | 182,506 |  |  | 140,883 |  |  | 113,075 |  |  | 12,809 |  |  | 26,780 |  |  | — |  |  | 476,053 |
Impairment charges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,000 |
Other operating income, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 219,768 |  |  | — |  |  | 219,768 |
Operating income (loss) | $ | 764,952 |  |  | $ | 201,476 |  |  | $ | 56,117 |  |  | $ | 18,205 |  |  | $ | (67,970 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 972,780 |
Intersegment revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,031 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,031 |
Capital expenditures | $ | 46,303 |  |  | $ | 47,808 |  |  | $ | 97,487 |  |  | $ | 1,758 |  |  | $ | 7,682 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 201,038 |
Share-based compensation expense | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,350 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,350 |

NOTE 9 – CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company is a party to a management agreement with certain affiliates of Bain Capital Partners, LLC and Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P. (together, the "Sponsors") and certain other parties pursuant to which such affiliates of the Sponsors will provide management and financial advisory services until 2018. These agreements require management fees to be paid to such affiliates of the Sponsors for such services at a rate not greater than $15.0 million per year, plus reimbursable expenses. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized management fees and reimbursable expenses of $3.8 million and $11.4 million, and $3.9 million and $11.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Format of Presentation
Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes contained in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our discussion is presented on both a consolidated and segment basis. Our reportable segments are iHeartMedia (“iHM”), Americas outdoor advertising (“Americas outdoor” or “Americas outdoor advertising”) and International outdoor advertising (“International outdoor” or “International outdoor advertising”). Our iHM segment provides media and entertainment services via live broadcast and digital delivery, and also includes our national syndication business. Our Americas outdoor and International outdoor segments provide outdoor advertising services in their respective geographic regions using various digital and traditional display types. Included in the “Other” category is our media representation business, Katz Media Group, which is ancillary to our other businesses.
We manage our operating segments by focusing primarily on their operating income, while Corporate expenses, Other operating income (expense), net, Interest expense, Gain on marketable securities, Equity in earnings (loss) of nonconsolidated affiliates, Loss on extinguishment of debt, Other income, net and Income tax expense are managed on a total company basis and are, therefore, included only in our discussion of consolidated results.
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2017 presentation.
Our iHM strategy centers on delivering entertaining and informative content across multiple platforms, including broadcast, mobile and digital, as well as events. Our primary source of revenue is derived from selling local and national advertising time on our radio stations, with contracts typically less than one year in duration. The programming formats of our radio stations are designed to reach audiences with targeted demographic characteristics. We are working closely with our advertising and marketing partners to develop tools and leverage data to enable advertisers to effectively reach their desired audiences. We continue to expand the choices for listeners and we deliver our content and sell advertising across multiple distribution channels including digitally via our iHeartRadio mobile application and other digital platforms which reach national, regional and local audiences. We also generate revenues from network syndication, our nationally recognized live events, our station websites and other miscellaneous transactions.
Management typically monitors our outdoor advertising business by reviewing the average rates, average revenue per display, occupancy and inventory levels of each of our display types by market. Our outdoor advertising revenue is derived from selling advertising space on the displays we own or operate in key markets worldwide, consisting primarily of billboards, street furniture and transit displays. Part of our long-term strategy for our outdoor advertising businesses is to pursue the technology of digital displays, including flat screens, LCDs and LEDs, as additions to traditional methods of displaying our clients’ advertisements. We are currently installing these technologies in certain markets, both domestically and internationally.
Our advertising revenue for all of our segments is highly correlated to changes in gross domestic product (“GDP”) as advertising spending has historically trended in line with GDP, both domestically and internationally. Internationally, our results are impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates as well as the economic conditions in the foreign markets in which we have operations.
Executive Summary
The key developments that impacted our business are summarized below:

• | Consolidated revenue decreased $29.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $10.2 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, consolidated revenue decreased $39.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016, primarily due to the sales of certain outdoor businesses, which generated $2.6 million and $41.9 million in revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

• | On August 14, 2017, CCIBV, our indirect subsidiary, issued at a $6.0 million premium $150.0 million principal amount of 8.75% Senior Notes due 2020.

• | During the third quarter of 2017, Americas outdoor sold its ownership interest in a joint venture in Canada and recognized a net loss on sale of $12.1 million.

• | In October 2017, iHeartCommunications exchanged $45.0 million of 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 that were held by a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications for $45.0 million of 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 that were held by unaffiliated third parties.

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Revenues and expenses “excluding the impact of foreign exchange movements” in this Management’s Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are presented because management believes that viewing certain financial results without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency rates facilitates period to period comparisons of business performance and provides useful information to investors. Revenues and expenses “excluding the impact of foreign exchange movements” are calculated by converting the current period’s revenues and expenses in local currency to U.S. dollars using average foreign exchange rates for the prior period.
Consolidated Results of Operations
The comparison of our historical results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 is as follows:

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | % Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | % Change
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Revenue | $ | 1,537,416 |  |  | $ | 1,566,582 |  |  | (1.9)% |  | $ | 4,457,106 |  |  | $ | 4,542,852 |  |  | (1.9)%
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization) | 621,895 |  |  | 591,740 |  |  | 5.1% |  | 1,807,534 |  |  | 1,771,590 |  |  | 2.0%
Selling, general and administrative expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization) | 438,654 |  |  | 421,700 |  |  | 4.0% |  | 1,336,563 |  |  | 1,281,849 |  |  | 4.3%
Corporate expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization) | 77,967 |  |  | 86,832 |  |  | (10.2)% |  | 233,487 |  |  | 252,348 |  |  | (7.5)%
Depreciation and amortization | 149,749 |  |  | 158,453 |  |  | (5.5)% |  | 443,650 |  |  | 476,053 |  |  | (6.8)%
Impairment charges | 7,631 |  |  | 8,000 |  |  | (4.6)% |  | 7,631 |  |  | 8,000 |  |  | (4.6)%
Other operating income (expense), net | (13,215 | ) |  | (505 | ) |  |  |  | 24,785 |  |  | 219,768 |  |  |
Operating income | 228,305 |  |  | 299,352 |  |  | (23.7)% |  | 653,026 |  |  | 972,780 |  |  | (32.9)%
Interest expense | 470,250 |  |  | 459,852 |  |  |  |  | 1,388,747 |  |  | 1,389,793 |  |  |
Loss on investments, net | (2,173 | ) |  | (13,767 | ) |  |  |  | (2,433 | ) |  | (13,767 | ) |  |
Equity in earnings (loss) of nonconsolidated affiliates | (2,238 | ) |  | 1,117 |  |  |  |  | (2,240 | ) |  | (926 | ) |  |
Gain on extinguishment of debt | — |  |  | 157,556 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 157,556 |  |  |
Other income (expense), net | 2,223 |  |  | (7,323 | ) |  |  |  | (11,244 | ) |  | (47,054 | ) |  |
Loss before income taxes | (244,133 | ) |  | (22,917 | ) |  |  |  | (751,638 | ) |  | (321,204 | ) |  |
Income tax expense | (2,051 | ) |  | (5,613 | ) |  |  |  | (50,143 | ) |  | (42,243 | ) |  |
Consolidated net loss | (246,184 | ) |  | (28,530 | ) |  |  |  | (801,781 | ) |  | (363,447 | ) |  |
Less amount attributable to noncontrolling interest | 1,993 |  |  | 6,471 |  |  |  |  | 8,648 |  |  | 38,950 |  |  |
Net loss attributable to the Company | $ | (248,177 | ) |  | $ | (35,001 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (810,429 | ) |  | $ | (402,397 | ) |  |

Consolidated Revenue
Consolidated revenue decreased $29.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $10.2 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, consolidated revenue decreased $39.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Revenue growth from our iHM business was offset by lower revenue generated by our International and Americas outdoor businesses as a result of the sales of our businesses in Canada in 2017 and Australia in 2016, which generated $2.6 million and $41.9 million in revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Consolidated revenue decreased $85.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $18.1 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, consolidated revenue decreased $67.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Revenue growth from our iHM business was offset by lower revenue generated by our International and Americas outdoor businesses as a result of the sales of our businesses in Canada in 2017 and Australia and Turkey in 2016, which generated $13.7 million and $131.2 million in
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revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Consolidated Direct Operating Expenses
Consolidated direct operating expenses increased $30.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $7.2 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, consolidated direct operating expenses increased $23.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Higher direct operating expenses in our iHM business, due mostly to a $33.8 million prior year benefit resulting from the renegotiation of certain contracts, was partially offset by lower direct operating expenses in our International and Americas outdoor businesses as a result of the sales of our business in Australia in 2016 and Canada in 2017.
Consolidated direct operating expenses increased $35.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $11.3 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, consolidated direct operating expenses increased $47.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Higher direct operating expenses in our iHM business, due mostly to a $33.8 million prior year benefit resulting from the renegotiation of certain contracts, were partially offset by the impact of the sale of our businesses in Australia and Turkey in 2016 and Canada in 2017.
Consolidated Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses
Consolidated SG&A expenses increased $17.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $2.6 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, consolidated SG&A expenses increased $14.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Higher SG&A expenses were primarily driven by trade and barter expenses in our iHM business.
Consolidated SG&A expenses increased $54.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $3.0 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, consolidated SG&A expenses increased $57.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Higher SG&A expenses were primarily driven by trade and barter expenses in our iHM business and were partially offset by a decrease in SG&A expenses resulting primarily from the sales of our businesses in Australia and Turkey in 2016 and Canada in 2017.
Corporate Expenses
Corporate expenses decreased $8.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016 primarily resulting from lower employee benefits and variable compensation expenses. For the three month period ended September 30, 2017, we incurred professional fees directly related to the notes exchange offers and term loan offers and, accordingly, such fees are reflected in Other Income (Expense), net as further discussed below.
Corporate expenses decreased $18.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $1.9 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, corporate expenses decreased $17.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2016, professional fees incurred in connection with our capital structure were reflected as part of corporate expenses. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2017, we incurred professional fees directly related to the notes exchange offers and term loan offers and, accordingly, such fees are reflected in Other Income (Expense), net as further discussed below. Employee benefit expense was also lower. The reduction in Corporate expenses was partially offset by higher spending on strategic revenue and efficiency initiatives.
Strategic Revenue and Efficiency Initiatives
Included in the amounts for direct operating expenses, SG&A and corporate expenses discussed above are expenses incurred in connection with our strategic revenue and efficiency initiatives. These costs consist primarily of severance related to workforce initiatives, consolidation of locations and positions, contract cancellation costs, consulting expenses, and other costs incurred in connection with improving our businesses. These costs are expected to provide benefits in future periods as the initiative results are realized.
Strategic revenue and efficiency costs were $6.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017. Of these expenses, $2.4 million was incurred by our iHM segment, $0.5 million was incurred by our Americas outdoor segment, $2.0 million was incurred by our International outdoor segment and $1.1 million was incurred by Corporate. Additionally, $1.8 million of these costs are reported within direct operating expenses, $3.1 million are reported within SG&A and $1.1 million are reported within corporate expenses.
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Strategic revenue and efficiency costs were $6.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2016. Of these expenses, $2.5 million was incurred by our iHM segment, $0.3 million was incurred by our Americas outdoor segment, $2.1 million was incurred by our International outdoor segment, $0.1 million was incurred by our Other category and $1.0 million was incurred by Corporate. Additionally, $1.9 million of these costs are reported within direct operating expenses, $3.1 million are reported within SG&A and $1.0 million are reported within corporate expenses.
Strategic revenue and efficiency costs were $31.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Of these expenses, $14.4 million was incurred by our iHM segment, $1.4 million was incurred by our Americas outdoor segment, $6.0 million was incurred by our International outdoor segment, $4.1 million was incurred by our Other category and $5.1 million was incurred by Corporate. Additionally, $10.6 million of these costs are reported within direct operating expenses, $15.3 million are reported within SG&A and $5.1 million are reported within corporate expenses.
Strategic revenue and efficiency costs were $19.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Of these expenses, $11.7 million was incurred by our iHM segment, $1.9 million was incurred by our Americas outdoor segment, $3.6 million was incurred by our International outdoor segment, $0.5 million was incurred by our Other segment and $1.7 million was incurred by Corporate. Additionally, $7.1 million of these costs are reported within direct operating expenses, $10.6 million are reported within SG&A and $1.7 million are reported within corporate expenses.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization decreased $8.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same period of 2016. The decrease was primarily due to assets becoming fully depreciated or fully amortized and the disposal of assets related to the sale of our Australia business in 2016.
Depreciation and amortization decreased $32.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to the same period of 2016. The decrease was primarily due to assets becoming fully depreciated or fully amortized and the disposal of assets related to the sale of our outdoor non-strategic U.S. markets and Australia and Turkey businesses in 2016.
Impairment Charges
The Company performs its annual impairment test on July 1 of each year. In addition, we test for impairment of property, plant and equipment whenever events and circumstances indicate that depreciable assets might be impaired. As a result of these impairment tests, we recorded impairment charges of $7.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, related to one of our iHM markets and one of our International outdoor businesses. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recognized impairment charges of $8.0 million, related primarily to goodwill in one of our International outdoor businesses. Please see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements located in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a further description of the impairment charges.
Other Operating Income (Expense), Net
Other operating expense, net was $13.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, which primarily related to the $12.1 million loss, which includes $6.3 million in cumulative translation adjustments, recognized on the sale of our ownership interest in a joint venture in Canada during the third quarter of 2017. Other operating income, net of $24.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily related to the sale in the first quarter of 2017 of the Americas outdoor Indianapolis market exchanged for certain assets in Atlanta, Georgia, plus $43.1 million in cash, net of closing costs, resulting in a net gain of $28.9 million and a gain of $6.8 million recognized on the sale of our ownership interest in a joint venture in Belgium in the second quarter of 2017, offset by the loss of $12.1 million recognized on the sale of our ownership interest in a joint venture in Canada.
Other operating expense, net was $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, which primarily related to net losses on the sale of operating assets. Other operating income, net was $219.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, which primarily related to the sale of nine non-strategic outdoor markets in the first quarter of 2016, partially offset by the loss on the sales of our Australia and Turkey businesses.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased $10.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016 primarily due to an increase in variable interest rates. Interest expense decreased $1.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. The decrease is primarily due to settlements of long-term debt in 2016, partially offset by an increase in variable interest rates, primarily as a result from an increase in LIBOR.
Loss on Investments, net
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During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recognized losses of $2.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively, related to our investments. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recognized a loss of $13.8 million, related to cost-method investments.
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt
During the third quarter of 2016, Broader Media, LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, repurchased approximately $383.0 million aggregate principal amount of iHeartCommunications' 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $222.2 million. In connection with this repurchase, we recognized a gain of $157.6 million.
Other Income (Expense), net
Other income, net was $2.2 million and other expense, net was $11.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. These amounts relate primarily to net foreign exchange gains of $9.3 million and $21.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, recognized in connection with intercompany notes denominated in foreign currencies, partially offset by expenses incurred in connection with the notes exchange offers and term loan offers of $7.2 million and $31.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, as described in "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Notes Exchange Offers and Term Loan Offers".
Other expense, net was $7.3 million and $47.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, which primarily related to net foreign exchange losses recognized in connection with intercompany notes denominated in foreign currencies.
Income Tax Expense
The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was (0.8)% and (6.7)%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was (24.5)% and (13.2)%, respectively. The effective tax rates were primarily impacted by the valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets originating in the period from net operating losses in U.S. federal, state and certain foreign jurisdictions.
iHM Results of Operations
Our iHM operating results were as follows:

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | % Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | % Change
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Revenue | $ | 859,531 |  |  | $ | 857,099 |  |  | 0.3% |  | $ | 2,501,084 |  |  | $ | 2,463,899 |  |  | 1.5%
Direct operating expenses | 265,795 |  |  | 229,668 |  |  | 15.7% |  | 773,327 |  |  | 704,097 |  |  | 9.8%
SG&A expenses | 287,676 |  |  | 268,612 |  |  | 7.1% |  | 894,669 |  |  | 812,344 |  |  | 10.1%
Depreciation and amortization | 58,089 |  |  | 60,691 |  |  | (4.3)% |  | 174,946 |  |  | 182,506 |  |  | (4.1)%
Operating income | $ | 247,971 |  |  | $ | 298,128 |  |  | (16.8)% |  | $ | 658,142 |  |  | $ | 764,952 |  |  | (14.0)%

Three Months
iHM revenue increased $2.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016, with growth in national and digital revenue being partially offset by lower local revenue. National revenue grew due to an increase in national trade and barter, largely related to the iHeartMedia Music Festival, as well as increased national sales initiatives and investments, including our programmatic buying platforms, primarily offset by a decrease in national traffic and weather revenue. Local revenue decreased as a result of lower spot revenue, partially offset by an increase in local trade and barter.
iHM direct operating expenses increased $36.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016 primarily driven by a $33.8 million prior year benefit resulting from the renegotiation of certain contracts. iHM SG&A expenses increased $19.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016 primarily due to higher trade and barter expenses and higher variable expenses, including sales activation costs.
Nine Months
iHM revenue increased $37.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016, with growth in national revenue and other revenue being partially offset by lower local revenue. National revenue grew
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due to an increase in national trade and barter, as well as increased sales in response to our national investments, including our programmatic buying platforms, primarily offset by a decrease in national traffic and weather revenue. Other revenue increased partially as a result of higher talent appearance fees. Local revenue decreased primarily as a result of lower spot revenue, partially offset by an increase in local trade and barter.
iHM direct operating expenses increased $69.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016 primarily driven by a $33.8 million prior year benefit resulting from the renegotiation of certain contracts, as well as higher content and programming costs, including talent fees and music license fees. iHM SG&A expenses increased $82.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016 primarily due to higher trade and barter expenses, investments in national and digital sales capabilities and higher variable expenses, including sales activation costs and commissions.
Americas Outdoor Advertising Results of Operations
Our Americas outdoor operating results were as follows:

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | % Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | % Change
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Revenue | $ | 316,587 |  |  | $ | 322,997 |  |  | (2.0)% |  | $ | 919,967 |  |  | $ | 931,058 |  |  | (1.2)%
Direct operating expenses | 141,609 |  |  | 142,989 |  |  | (1.0)% |  | 427,181 |  |  | 421,039 |  |  | 1.5%
SG&A expenses | 54,689 |  |  | 54,500 |  |  | 0.3% |  | 165,538 |  |  | 167,660 |  |  | (1.3)%
Depreciation and amortization | 47,035 |  |  | 47,242 |  |  | (0.4)% |  | 137,689 |  |  | 140,883 |  |  | (2.3)%
Operating income | $ | 73,254 |  |  | $ | 78,266 |  |  | (6.4)% |  | $ | 189,559 |  |  | $ | 201,476 |  |  | (5.9)%

Three Months
Americas outdoor revenue decreased $6.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $0.9 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, Americas outdoor revenue decreased $7.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. The decrease in revenue is primarily due to a $4.2 million decrease in revenue resulting from the sale of our Canadian outdoor business, higher revenue in the prior year period due to the 2016 Olympics in Brazil and the exchange of outdoor markets in the first quarter of 2017. This was partially offset by increased digital revenue from new and existing airport contracts.
Americas outdoor direct operating expenses decreased $1.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $0.5 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, Americas outdoor direct operating expenses decreased $1.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. The decrease was driven by a $3.6 million decrease in direct operating expenses resulting from the sale of our Canadian outdoor market and lower variable expenses due to the 2016 Olympics in Brazil, partially offset by higher fixed site lease expenses. Americas outdoor SG&A expenses increased $0.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $0.2 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, Americas outdoor SG&A expenses were flat during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016.
Nine Months
Americas outdoor revenue decreased $11.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $2.7 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, Americas outdoor revenue decreased $13.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. The decrease in revenue was primarily due to a decrease in print display revenues, as well as the $10.9 million impact resulting from the sales of non-strategic outdoor markets in the first quarter of 2016 and the sale of our Canadian business in the third quarter of 2017, and the exchange of outdoor markets in the first quarter of 2017. This was partially offset by increased digital revenues from new and existing airport contracts and deployments of new digital billboards.
Americas outdoor direct operating expenses increased $6.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $1.5 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, Americas outdoor direct operating expenses increased $4.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. The increase in direct operating expenses was driven by higher site lease expenses related to new and existing airport contracts and print displays, and the impact of a $2.9 million early termination lease payment received in 2016, partially offset by lower expense due to the $8.7 million impact resulting from the sales of non-strategic outdoor markets in the first quarter
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of 2016 and the sale of our Canadian business in the third quarter of 2017, and the exchange of outdoor markets in the first quarter of 2017. Americas outdoor SG&A expenses decreased $2.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $0.9 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, Americas outdoor SG&A expenses decreased $3.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. The decrease in SG&A expenses was primarily due to lower bad debt expense and the $1.2 million impact resulting from the sales of non-strategic outdoor markets in the first quarter of 2016 and the sale of our Canadian business in the third quarter of 2017, and the exchange of outdoor markets in the first quarter of 2017.
International Outdoor Advertising Results of Operations
Our International outdoor operating results were as follows:

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | % Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | % Change
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Revenue | $ | 328,502 |  |  | $ | 346,224 |  |  | (5.1)% |  | $ | 942,167 |  |  | $ | 1,035,263 |  |  | (9.0)%
Direct operating expenses | 214,491 |  |  | 219,261 |  |  | (2.2)% |  | 607,023 |  |  | 645,199 |  |  | (5.9)%
SG&A expenses | 73,708 |  |  | 71,664 |  |  | 2.9% |  | 204,531 |  |  | 220,872 |  |  | (7.4)%
Depreciation and amortization | 32,886 |  |  | 37,018 |  |  | (11.2)% |  | 95,149 |  |  | 113,075 |  |  | (15.9)%
Operating income | $ | 7,417 |  |  | $ | 18,281 |  |  | (59.4)% |  | $ | 35,464 |  |  | $ | 56,117 |  |  | (36.8)%

Three Months
International outdoor revenue decreased $17.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $9.3 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, International outdoor revenue decreased $27.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. The decrease in revenue is due to a $35.2 million decrease in revenue resulting from the sale of our business in Australia in 2016. This was partially offset by growth across other markets including China, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, primarily from new contracts and digital expansion.
International outdoor direct operating expenses decreased $4.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $6.8 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, International outdoor direct operating expenses decreased $11.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. The decrease was driven by a $20.1 million decrease in direct operating expenses resulting from the 2016 sale of our business in Australia, partially offset by higher site lease expense in certain countries experiencing revenue growth. International outdoor SG&A expenses increased $2.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $2.4 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, International outdoor SG&A expenses decreased $0.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. The decrease in SG&A expenses was primarily due to a $6.8 million decrease resulting from the sale of our business in Australia, partially offset by increases in bad debt expense primarily related to two specific accounts and employee-related expenses.
Nine Months
International outdoor revenue decreased $93.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $20.8 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, International outdoor revenue decreased $72.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. The decrease in revenue is due to a $106.5 million decrease in revenue resulting from the sale of our businesses in Australia and Turkey in 2016. This was partially offset by growth across other markets including Spain, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and China, primarily from new contracts and digital expansion.
International outdoor direct operating expenses decreased $38.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $12.8 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, International outdoor direct operating expenses decreased $25.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. The decrease was driven by a $64.5 million decrease in direct operating expenses resulting from the 2016 sales of our businesses in Australia and Turkey, partially offset by higher site lease and production expenses in countries experiencing revenue growth. International outdoor SG&A expenses decreased $16.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016. Excluding the $3.8 million impact from movements in foreign exchange rates, International outdoor SG&A expenses decreased $12.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017
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compared to the same period of 2016. The decrease in SG&A expenses was primarily due to a $20.6 million decrease resulting from the sale of our businesses in Australia and Turkey, partially offset by higher bad debt expense and higher spending related to growth in certain countries, as well as higher spending on strategic efficiency initiatives.
Reconciliation of Segment Operating Income to Consolidated Operating Income

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
iHM | $ | 247,971 |  |  | $ | 298,128 |  |  | $ | 658,142 |  |  | $ | 764,952 |
Americas outdoor | 73,254 |  |  | 78,266 |  |  | 189,559 |  |  | 201,476 |
International outdoor | 7,417 |  |  | 18,281 |  |  | 35,464 |  |  | 56,117 |
Other | 7,261 |  |  | 9,643 |  |  | 13,713 |  |  | 18,205 |
Other operating income, net | (13,215 | ) |  | (505 | ) |  | 24,785 |  |  | 219,768 |
Impairment charges | (7,631 | ) |  | (8,000 | ) |  | (7,631 | ) |  | (8,000 | )
Corporate expense (1) | (86,752 | ) |  | (96,461 | ) |  | (261,006 | ) |  | (279,738 | )
Consolidated operating income | $ | 228,305 |  |  | $ | 299,352 |  |  | $ | 653,026 |  |  | $ | 972,780 |

(1) | Corporate expenses include expenses related to iHM, Americas outdoor, International outdoor and our Other category, as well as overall executive, administrative and support functions.

Share-Based Compensation Expense
We have granted restricted stock and CCOH has granted restricted stock, restricted stock units and options to purchase shares of CCOH's Class A common stock to certain key individuals.
Share-based compensation expenses are recorded in corporate expenses and were $3.5 million and $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $9.0 million and $10.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
As of September 30, 2017, there was $20.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements that will vest based on service conditions. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.8 years. In addition, as of September 30, 2017, there was $26.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements that will vest based on market performance and service conditions. This cost will be recognized when it becomes probable that the performance condition will be satisfied.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Flows
The following discussion highlights cash flow activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively:

(In thousands) | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Cash provided by (used for): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | (558,717 | ) |  | $ | (272,578 | )
Investing activities | $ | (144,980 | ) |  | $ | 366,312 |
Financing activities | $ | 137,066 |  |  | $ | (322,583 | )

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Operating Activities
Cash used for operating activities was $558.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $272.6 million of cash used for operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in cash used for operating activities is primarily attributed to lower operating income as well as changes in working capital balances, particularly accounts receivable, which were affected by slower collections, and prepaid assets, partially offset by accounts payable due to the timing of payments. Cash paid for interest during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $1,426.4 million as compared to $1,434.5 million paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
Investing Activities
Cash used for investing activities of $145.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 reflected $184.9 million used for capital expenditures, partially offset by net cash proceeds from the sale of assets of $71.3 million, which included net cash proceeds from the sale of our outdoor Indianapolis market of $43.1 million. We spent $44.4 million for capital expenditures in our iHM segment primarily related to IT infrastructure, $48.7 million in our Americas outdoor segment primarily related to the construction of new advertising structures, such as digital boards, $83.9 million in our International outdoor segment primarily related to street furniture and transit advertising structures, including digital displays, $0.5 million in our Other category and $7.4 million in Corporate primarily related to equipment and software purchases.
Cash provided by investing activities of $366.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 reflected net cash proceeds from the sale of nine non-strategic outdoor markets including Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio, Des Moines, Iowa, Ft. Smith, Arkansas, Memphis, Tennessee, Portland, Oregon, Reno, Nevada, Seattle, Washington and Wichita, Kansas of $592.3 million in cash and certain advertising assets in Florida. Those sale proceeds were partially offset by $201.0 million used for capital expenditures. We spent $46.3 million for capital expenditures in our iHM segment primarily related to leasehold improvements and IT infrastructure, $47.8 million in our Americas outdoor segment primarily related to the construction of new advertising structures, such as digital displays, $97.5 million in our International outdoor segment primarily related to billboard and street furniture advertising structures, $1.8 million in our Other category and $7.7 million in Corporate primarily related to equipment and software purchases.
Financing Activities
Cash provided by financing activities of $137.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily resulted from proceeds from long-term debt issued by one of our international subsidiaries, as well as borrowings on our receivables-based credit facility. These proceeds were partially offset by dividends paid to non-controlling interests, which represents the portion of the dividends paid by CCOH in February 2017 to parties other than our subsidiaries that own CCOH stock, and a payment under our receivables-based credit facility.
Cash used for financing activities of $322.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily resulted from the purchase of iHeartCommunications' 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 for an aggregate purchase price of $222.2 million and dividends paid to non-controlling interests.
Anticipated Cash Requirements
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand, cash flow from operations, borrowing capacity under iHeartCommunications' domestic receivables-based credit facility, subject to the limitations contained in iHeartCommunications' material financing agreements, and cash from liquidity-generating transactions. As of September 30, 2017, we had $286.4 million of cash and cash equivalents on our balance sheet, including $222.4 million of cash and cash equivalents held by our subsidiary, CCOH. Included in the cash held by CCOH is $206.1 million of cash held outside the U.S. It is our policy to permanently reinvest the earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries as these earnings are generally redeployed in those jurisdictions for operating needs and continued functioning of their businesses. We have the ability and intent to indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings of consolidated subsidiaries based outside of the United States, except that excess cash from our foreign operations may be transferred to our operations in the United States if needed to fund operations in the United States, subject to the foreseeable cash needs of our foreign operations and the mutual agreement of us and CCOH. If any excess cash held by our foreign subsidiaries is needed to fund operations in the United States, we could presently repatriate available funds without a requirement to accrue or pay U.S. taxes. This is a result of significant deficits, as calculated for tax law purposes, in our foreign earnings and profits, which gives us flexibility to make future cash distributions as non-taxable returns of capital.
As of September 30, 2017, we had a borrowing base of $499.1 million under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility, had $365.0 million of outstanding borrowings and had $49.1 million of outstanding letters of credit, resulting in $85.0 million of excess availability. However, any incremental borrowings under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility are further limited by the terms contained in iHeartCommunications' material financing agreements.
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Our primary uses of liquidity are to fund our working capital, debt service, capital expenditures and other obligations. At September 30, 2017, we had debt maturities totaling $366.9 million, $308.5 million (net of $277.1 million due to certain subsidiaries of iHeartCommunications) and $8,368.9 million in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. A substantial amount of our cash requirements are for debt service obligations. We anticipate having approximately $344.6 million of cash interest payment obligations during the three months ending December 31, 2017. Our significant interest payment obligations reduce our financial flexibility, make us more vulnerable to changes in operating performance and economic downturns, reduce our liquidity and negatively affect iHeartCommunications' ability to obtain additional financing in the future.
During the second quarter of 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. This update provides U.S. GAAP guidance on management's responsibility in evaluating whether there is substantial doubt about a company's ability to continue as a going concern and about related footnote disclosures. We adopted this standard for the year ended December 31, 2016. Under this standard, we are required to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern each reporting period, including interim periods.
In evaluating our ability to continue as a going concern, management considered the conditions and events that could raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of 12 months following the date our financial statements were issued (November 8, 2017). Management considered our current financial condition and liquidity sources, including current funds available, forecasted future cash flows and our conditional and unconditional obligations due before November 8, 2018.
A substantial amount of our cash requirements are for debt service obligations. Although we have generated operating income in excess of $1.0 billion in each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we incurred net losses and had negative cash flows from operations for each of these years as a result of significant cash interest payments arising from our substantial debt balance. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we used cash of $558.7 million for operating activities, which included cash paid for interest of $1,426.4 million. Our current forecast indicates we will continue to incur net losses and generate negative cash flows from operating activities as a result of our indebtedness and significant related interest expense. At September 30, 2017, the Company had debt maturities totaling $366.9 million, $308.5 million (net of $277.1 million due to certain of our subsidiaries) and $8,368.9 million in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. In October 2017, we exchanged $45.0 million principal amount of 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 that were held by a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications for $45.0 million principal amount of 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 that were held by unaffiliated third parties. After the exchanges, our debt maturities in the next 12 months include, (i) $365.0 million outstanding under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility, which matures on December 24, 2017, (ii) $51.5 million of 10% Senior Notes due January 15, 2018, (iii) $175.0 million of 6.875% Senior Notes due June 15, 2018 and (iv) $24.8 million of contractual AHYDO catch-up payments to be made on iHeartCommunications' 14% Senior Notes due 2021 on the interest payment due on August 1, 2018. Our forecast includes approximately $1.8 billion in cash interest payments in the next 12 months, of which $344.6 million is payable in the fourth quarter of 2017 and $548.2 million is payable in the first quarter of 2018. In addition, in certain circumstances, a committee of the CCOH board of directors formed for the specific purpose of monitoring the Intercompany Note (the “CCOH Intercompany Note Committee”) has the non-exclusive authority to demand payments under the Intercompany Note, as long as the CCOH board of directors declares a simultaneous dividend equal to the amount so demanded. As of November 8, 2017, the CCOH Intercompany Note Committee has the right pursuant to the terms of the settlement of the derivative litigation filed by CCOH’s stockholders regarding the Intercompany Note but not the obligation, to make a demand on the Intercompany Note. If the CCOH Intercompany Note Committee exercises this right to demand a full repayment of the Intercompany Note and the CCOH board of directors declares a simultaneous dividend, based on the balance of the Intercompany Note outstanding at September 30, 2017, approximately $110.4 million would be payable to the public stockholders of CCOH. If we are unable to refinance the amounts outstanding under the receivables-based credit facility, the 10% Senior Notes due January 15, 2018 and/or the 6.875% Senior Notes due June 15, 2018 and take other steps to create additional liquidity, forecasted cash flows are not sufficient for us to meet our obligations, including upcoming interest payments and maturities on our outstanding debt, as they become due in the ordinary course of business for a period of 12 months following November 8, 2017. As discussed below, we have plans to reduce our principal and interest obligations and to create additional liquidity.
We are in advanced negotiations with potential lenders to refinance the amounts outstanding under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility and currently expect to refinance the amounts outstanding under that facility prior to its maturity. In addition, we are taking actions to maximize cash available to meet our obligations as they become due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, as more fully described in Note 3 of our financial statements, we launched notes exchange offers and term loan offers in March 2017, which notes exchange offers and term loan offers remain open as of November 8, 2017. We have engaged in discussions with many of our lenders and noteholders regarding the terms of the global exchange offers and the term loan offers, which have been revised since launch and remain subject to substantial further revision, but no agreement has been reached with respect to those discussions and the discussions remain ongoing. These actions are intended to mitigate those
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conditions which raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of 12 months following November 8, 2017.
While we continue to work toward completing the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers or other similar transactions, refinancing the amounts outstanding under the receivables-based credit facility and taking other actions to create additional liquidity, there is no assurance that the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers or other similar transactions will be completed, that the amounts outstanding under the receivables-based credit facility will be refinanced or that we will be able to create additional liquidity. Our ability to meet our obligations as they become due in the ordinary course of business for the next 12 months will depend on our ability to achieve forecasted results, our ability to conserve cash, our ability to refinance the amounts outstanding under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility, our ability to successfully complete the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers or other similar transactions and achieve sufficient cash interest savings therefrom and our ability to complete other liquidity-generating transactions. Based on the uncertainty of achieving these actions and the significance of the forecasted future negative cash flows resulting from our substantial debt balance, including anticipated future cash interest payments (including interest due in the fourth quarter of 2017 and in 2018) and the maturities of the $365.0 million in current borrowings under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility that matures December 24, 2017, the $51.5 million aggregate principal amount of 10% Senior Notes due January 15, 2018, the $175.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.875% Senior Notes due June 15, 2018 and the $24.8 million of contractual AHYDO catch-up payments to be made on iHeartCommunications' 14% Senior Notes due 2021 beginning with the interest payment due on August 1, 2018, management has determined that there is substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of 12 months following November 8, 2017.
If we are unable to complete any of the actions described in the paragraph above, or if there are material adverse developments in our business, results of operations or liquidity, we may be forced to further reduce or delay our business activities and capital expenditures, sell material assets, seek additional capital or file for bankruptcy court protection. We cannot assure you that we would be able to accomplish any of these actions on a timely basis or on satisfactory terms, if at all.
In connection with the cash management arrangements for CCOH, iHeartCommunications maintains an intercompany revolving promissory note payable by iHeartCommunications to CCOH (the "Intercompany Note"), which matures on December 15, 2017. As of September 30, 2017, the balance of the Note was $1,051.3 million, all of which is payable on demand. While we intend to extend the maturity of the Intercompany Note prior to its maturity, the principal amount outstanding under the Intercompany Note is subject to demand by CCOH or the CCOH Intercompany Note Committee. See "--CCOH Dividends" below.
The covenants in iHeartCommunications' senior secured credit facilities include a requirement that we receive an opinion from our auditors in connection with our year-end audit that is not subject to a “going concern” or like qualification or exception. Even if we are able to successfully refinance the amounts outstanding under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility and manage our liquidity challenges through the end of 2017, if we are unable to improve our liquidity forecast for 2018 and refinance or extend a significant portion of our substantial 2019 debt maturities prior to the completion of the audit of our 2017 financial statements, we anticipate that our auditor’s year-end opinion will contain a “going concern” qualification, and, if we are unable to obtain a waiver or amendment of the covenant in the senior secured credit facilities that requires us to deliver an unqualified auditor’s opinion, it will trigger a default under the senior secured credit facilities. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such a waiver or amendment.
Except as set forth below under "Non-Payment of $57.1 Million of iHeartCommunications' Legacy Notes Held by an Affiliate," we were in compliance with the covenants contained in iHeartCommunications' material financing agreements as of September 30, 2017, including the maximum consolidated senior secured net debt to consolidated EBITDA limitation contained in iHeartCommunications' senior secured credit facilities. However, our future results are subject to significant uncertainty and there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain compliance with these covenants. Our ability to comply with these covenants in the future may be affected by events beyond our control, including the uncertainties described above and prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions. The breach of any covenants set forth in iHeartCommunications' financing agreements would result in a default thereunder. An event of default would permit the lenders under a defaulted financing agreement to declare all indebtedness thereunder to be immediately due and payable. Moreover, the lenders under the receivables-based credit facility under iHeartCommunications' senior secured credit facilities would have the option to terminate their commitments to make further extensions of credit thereunder. If we are unable to repay iHeartCommunications' obligations under any secured credit facility, the lenders could proceed against any assets that were pledged to secure such facility. In addition, a default or acceleration under any of iHeartCommunications' material financing agreements could cause a default under other of our obligations that are subject to cross-default and cross-acceleration provisions. The threshold amount for a cross-default under the senior secured credit facilities and the indentures governing our outstanding bonds is $100.0 million. The default resulting from non-payment of the $57.1 million
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of 5.50% Senior Notes described below is below the $100.0 million cross-default threshold in iHeartCommunications' debt documents but will be included in any determination as to whether that threshold has been met so long as that default is continuing.
Recent Liquidity-Generating Transactions
On February 7, 2017, iHeartCommunications completed an exchange offer of $476.4 million principal amount of its 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 for $476.4 million principal amount of newly-issued 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021. Of the $476.4 million principal amount of 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 issued in the exchange offer, $241.4 million principal amount was issued to subsidiaries of iHeartCommunications that participated in the exchange offer.
On February 9, 2017, CCOH declared a special dividend of $282.5 million using a portion of the proceeds from the sales of certain non-strategic U.S. outdoor markets and of our Australia outdoor business. On February 23, 2017, we received 89.9% of that dividend, or approximately $254.0 million, with the remaining 10.1%, or approximately $28.5 million, paid to public stockholders of CCOH. This transaction improved our liquidity position in the short term. We cannot assure you that we will enter into or consummate any liquidity-generating transactions, or that such transactions will provide sufficient cash to satisfy our liquidity needs, and any such transactions, if consummated, could adversely affect us in other ways. Future liquidity-generating transactions could have the effect of further increasing our annual cash interest payment obligations, reducing our cash flow from operations or reducing cash available for capital expenditures and other business initiatives.
On July 10, 2017, a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications exchanged $15.6 million aggregate principal amount outstanding of 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 that were held by an unaffiliated third party for $15.6 million aggregate principal amount of its 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 that were held by a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications.
On July 31, 2017, iHeartCommunications borrowed an additional $60.0 million under its receivables-based credit facility.
On August 14, 2017, Clear Channel International B.V. ("CCIBV"), our indirect subsidiary, issued $150,000,000.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.75% Senior Notes due 2020 (the “New CCIBV Notes”). The New CCIBV Notes were issued as additional notes under the indenture governing CCIBV’s existing 8.75% Senior Notes due 2020 and were issued at a premium, which resulted in $156.0 million in proceeds. The New CCIBV Notes mature on December 15, 2020 and bear interest at a rate of 8.75% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year.
In October 2017, a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications exchanged $45.0 million aggregate principal amount of 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 that were held by a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications for $45.0 million aggregate principal amount of 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 that were held by unaffiliated third parties.
We have made and may in the future make repurchases and exchanges of indebtedness of iHeartCommunications. In addition, we frequently evaluate strategic opportunities both within and outside our existing lines of business. We expect from time to time to pursue dispositions or acquisitions, which could be material. iHeartCommunications' and its subsidiaries’ significant amount of indebtedness may limit our ability to pursue dispositions or acquisitions. The terms of our existing or future debt agreements may also restrict our ability to engage in these transactions.
Non-Payment of $57.1 Million of iHeartCommunications Legacy Notes Held by an Affiliate
Our wholly-owned subsidiary, Clear Channel Holdings, Inc. ("CCH"), owns $57.1 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.50% Senior Notes due 2016 (the "5.50% Senior Notes"). On December 9, 2016, a special committee of our independent directors decided to not repay the $57.1 million principal amount of the 5.50% Senior Notes held by CCH when the notes matured on December 15, 2016 and on December 12, 2016, we informed CCH of that decision. CCH informed us on that date that, while it retains its right to exercise remedies under the indenture governing the 5.50% Senior Notes (the "legacy notes indenture") in the future, it does not currently intend to, and it does not currently intend to request that the trustee, seek to collect principal amounts due or exercise or request enforcement of any remedy with respect to the nonpayment of such principal amount under the legacy notes indenture. As a result, $57.1 million of the 5.50% Senior Notes remain outstanding. We repaid the other $192.9 million of 5.50% Senior Notes held by other holders, and we intend to continue to pay interest on the 5.50% Senior Notes held by CCH for so long as such notes continue to remain outstanding.
For as long as we have at least $500 million of legacy notes outstanding, including the $57.1 million of 5.50% Senior Notes currently held by CCH, we will not have an obligation to grant certain additional security interests in favor of certain of our lenders and holders of our existing priority guarantee notes or the holders of our legacy notes under the "springing lien" described in the agreements governing that indebtedness, and the limitations existing with respect to the existing security interests will remain in place until up to 60 days following the date on which not more than $500 million aggregate principal amount of the legacy notes remain outstanding.
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Notes Exchange Offers and Term Loan Offers
On March 15, 2017, iHeartCommunications commenced exchange offers (the “notes exchange offers”) to exchange certain series of its outstanding debt securities (the “Existing Notes”) for new securities of the Company, iHeartCommunications and CC Outdoor Holdings, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and concurrent consent solicitations with respect to the terms of the Existing Notes. On March 15, 2017, the Company also commenced offers (the “term loan offers”) to amend its outstanding Term Loan D and Term Loan E borrowings under its senior secured credit facilities and/or to issue new securities of the Company, CC Outdoor Holdings, Inc., Broader Media, LLC and/or iHeartCommunications to the lenders depending on the scenario in which the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers close. The notes exchange offers were amended on April 14, 2017. Both the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers were open as of November 8, 2017. The terms of the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers have been revised and are subject to substantial further revision, and the offers may never be consummated, on the terms currently proposed or otherwise.
Sources of Capital
As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had the following debt outstanding, net of cash and cash equivalents:

(In millions) | September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Senior Secured Credit Facilities: |  |  |
Term Loan D Facility Due 2019 | 5,000.0 |  |  | 5,000.0 |
Term Loan E Facility Due 2019 | 1,300.0 |  |  | 1,300.0 |
Receivables Based Credit Facility Due 2017 (1) | 365.0 |  |  | 330.0 |
9.0% Priority Guarantee Notes Due 2019 | 1,999.8 |  |  | 1,999.8 |
9.0% Priority Guarantee Notes Due 2021 | 1,750.0 |  |  | 1,750.0 |
11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes Due 2021(2) | 825.5 |  |  | 575.0 |
9.0% Priority Guarantee Notes Due 2022 | 1,000.0 |  |  | 1,000.0 |
10.625% Priority Guarantee Notes Due 2023 | 950.0 |  |  | 950.0 |
Subsidiary Revolving Credit Facility due 2018(3) | — |  |  | — |
Other Secured Subsidiary Debt | 8.7 |  |  | 21.0 |
Total Secured Debt | 13,199.0 |  |  | 12,925.8 |
14.0% Senior Notes Due 2021 | 1,763.9 |  |  | 1,729.2 |
Legacy Notes: |  |  |
5.5% Senior Notes Due 2016(4) | — |  |  | — |
6.875% Senior Notes Due 2018 | 175.0 |  |  | 175.0 |
7.25% Senior Notes Due 2027 | 300.0 |  |  | 300.0 |
10.0% Senior Notes Due 2018(2) | 96.5 |  |  | 347.0 |
Subsidiary Senior Notes: |  |  |
6.5% Series A Senior Notes Due 2022 | 735.8 |  |  | 735.8 |
6.5% Series B Senior Notes Due 2022 | 1,989.2 |  |  | 1,989.2 |
Subsidiary Senior Subordinated Notes: |  |  |
7.625% Series A Senior Notes Due 2020 | 275.0 |  |  | 275.0 |
7.625% Series B Senior Notes Due 2020 | 1,925.0 |  |  | 1,925.0 |
Subsidiary 8.75% Senior Notes due 2020(5) | 375.0 |  |  | 225.0 |
Other Subsidiary Debt | 25.6 |  |  | 28.0 |
Purchase accounting adjustments and original issue discount | (142.8 | ) |  | (167.0 | )
Long-term debt fees | (102.3 | ) |  | (123.0 | )
Total Debt | 20,614.9 |  |  | 20,365.0 |
Less: Cash and cash equivalents | 286.4 |  |  | 845.0 |
| $ | 20,328.5 |  |  | $ | 19,520.0 |

(1) | The receivables-based credit facility provides for borrowings of up to the lesser of $535.0 million (the revolving credit commitment) or the borrowing base amount, as defined under the receivables-based credit facility, subject to certain limitations contained in

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iHeartCommunications' material financing agreements. As of September 30, 2017, we had $85.0 million of availability under the receivables-based credit facility.

(2) | On February 7, 2017, iHeartCommunications completed an exchange offer of $476.4 million principal amount of its 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 for $476.4 million principal amount of newly-issued 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021, which were issued as "additional notes" under the indenture governing the 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021. Of the $476.4 million principal amount of 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 issued in the exchange offer, $241.4 million principal amount was issued to subsidiaries of iHeartCommunications that participated in the exchange offer. On July 10, 2017, iHeartCommunications exchanged $15.6 million principal amount of its 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 that were held by an unaffiliated third party for $15.6 million principal amount of its 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 that were held by a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications. In October 2017, iHeartCommunications exchanged $45.0 million principal amount of its 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 that were held by unaffiliated third parties for $45.0 million principal amount of its 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 that were held by a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications.

(3) | The subsidiary revolving credit facility provides for borrowings of up to $75.0 million (the revolving credit commitment).

(4) | In December 2016, iHeartCommunications repaid at maturity $192.9 million of 5.5% Senior Notes due 2016 and did not pay $57.1 million of the notes held by a subsidiary of the Company. The $57.1 million of aggregate principal amount remains outstanding and is eliminated for purposes of consolidation of the Company's financial statements.

(5) | On August 14, 2017, CCIBV, our indirect subsidiary, issued $150,000,000.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.75% Senior Notes due 2020 (the “New CCIBV Notes”). The New CCIBV Notes were issued as additional notes under the indenture governing CCIBV’s existing 8.75% Senior Notes due 2020.

Our subsidiaries have from time to time repurchased certain debt obligations of iHeartCommunications and our equity securities and equity securities outstanding of CCOH, and may in the future, as part of various financing and investment strategies, purchase additional outstanding indebtedness of iHeartCommunications or its subsidiaries or our equity securities and equity securities outstanding of CCOH, in tender offers, open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. We or our subsidiaries may also sell certain assets, securities or properties. These purchases or sales, if any, could have a material positive or negative impact on our liquidity available to repay outstanding debt obligations or on our consolidated results of operations. These transactions could also require or result in amendments to the agreements governing outstanding debt obligations or changes in our leverage or other financial ratios, which could have a material positive or negative impact on our ability to comply with the covenants contained in iHeartCommunications' debt agreements. These transactions, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
The senior secured credit facilities require iHeartCommunications to comply on a quarterly basis with a financial covenant limiting the ratio of consolidated secured debt, net of cash and cash equivalents, to consolidated EBITDA (as defined by iHeartCommunications' senior secured credit facilities) for the preceding four quarters. iHeartCommunications' secured debt consists of the senior secured credit facilities, the receivables-based credit facility, the priority guarantee notes and certain other secured subsidiary debt. As required by the definition of consolidated EBITDA in iHeartCommunications' senior secured credit facilities, iHeartCommunications' consolidated EBITDA for the preceding four quarters of $1.7 billion is calculated as operating income (loss) before depreciation, amortization, impairment charges and other operating income (expense), net plus share-based compensation and is further adjusted for the following items: (i) costs incurred in connection with the closure and/or consolidation of facilities, retention charges, consulting fees and other permitted activities; (ii) extraordinary, non-recurring or unusual gains or losses or expenses and severance; (iii) non-cash charges; (iv) cash received from nonconsolidated affiliates; and (v) various other items.
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The following table reflects a reconciliation of consolidated EBITDA (as defined by iHeartCommunications' senior secured credit facilities) to operating income and net cash provided by operating activities for the four quarters ended September 30, 2017:

| Four Quarters Ended
(In Millions) | September 30, 2017
Consolidated EBITDA (as defined by iHeartCommunications' senior secured credit facilities) | $ | 1,661.9 |
Less adjustments to consolidated EBITDA (as defined by iHeartCommunications' senior secured credit facilities): |
Costs incurred in connection with the closure and/or consolidation of facilities, retention charges, consulting fees and other permitted activities | (44.9 | )
Extraordinary, non-recurring or unusual gains or losses or expenses and severance (as referenced in the definition of consolidated EBITDA in iHeartCommunications' senior secured credit facilities) | (38.3 | )
Non-cash charges | (1.9 | )
Other items | 68.9 |
Less: Depreciation and amortization, Impairment charges, Other operating income (expense), net and Share-based compensation expense | (460.8 | )
Operating income | 1,184.9 |
Plus: Depreciation and amortization, Impairment charges, Gain (loss) on disposal of operating and fixed assets, and Share-based compensation expense | 454.2 |
Less: Interest expense | (1,848.9 | )
Less: Current income tax expense | (29.0 | )
Plus: Other income (expense), net | (37.3 | )
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net loss to net cash provided by operating activities (including Provision for doubtful accounts, Amortization of deferred financing charges and note discounts, net and Other reconciling items, net) | 43.3 |
Change in assets and liabilities, net of assets acquired and liabilities assumed | (67.3 | )
Net cash used for operating activities | $ | (300.1 | )

The maximum ratio permitted under this financial covenant was 8.75:1 for the four quarters ended September 30, 2017. As of September 30, 2017, our ratio was 7.8:1.
In addition, the senior secured credit facilities include negative covenants that, subject to significant exceptions, limit iHeartCommunications' ability and the ability of its restricted subsidiaries to, among other things:
•incur additional indebtedness;
•create liens on assets;
•engage in mergers, consolidations, liquidations and dissolutions;
•sell assets;
•pay dividends and distributions or repurchase iHeartCommunications' capital stock;
•make investments, loans, or advances;
•prepay certain junior indebtedness;
•engage in certain transactions with affiliates;
•amend material agreements governing certain junior indebtedness; and
•change lines of business.
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The senior secured credit facilities include certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default, including payment defaults, breach of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, cross-defaults to certain indebtedness, certain events of bankruptcy, certain events under ERISA, material judgments, the invalidity of material provisions of the senior secured credit facilities documentation, the failure of collateral under the security documents for the senior secured credit facilities, the failure of the senior secured credit facilities to be senior debt under the subordination provisions of certain of iHeartCommunications' subordinated debt and a change of control. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the senior secured credit facilities will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of all amounts due under the senior secured credit facilities and all actions permitted to be taken by a secured creditor.
Disposals
In January 2017, we sold our Indianapolis, Indiana outdoor market in exchange for certain assets in Atlanta, Georgia, plus approximately $43.1 million in cash, net of closing costs. A net gain of $28.9 million was recognized related to the sale.
During the third quarter of 2017, Americas outdoor sold its ownership interest in a joint venture in Canada. As a result, the Company recognized a net loss on sale of $12.1 million, including a $6.3 million cumulative translation adjustment, which is included within Other operating income (expense), net.
Uses of Capital
Debt Repayments, Maturities and Other
On February 7, 2017, iHeartCommunications completed an exchange offer of $476.4 million principal amount of iHeartCommunications' 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 for $476.4 million principal amount of newly-issued 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021, which were issued as “additional notes” under the indenture governing the 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021. Of the $476.4 million principal amount of 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 issued in the exchange offer, $241.4 million principal amount was issued to subsidiaries of iHeartCommunications that participated in the exchange offer.
On January 31, 2017, iHeartCommunications repaid $25.0 million of the amount borrowed under its receivables-based credit facility and on July 31, 2017, we borrowed an additional $60.0 million under our receivables-based credit facility, resulting in total outstanding borrowings under this facility of $365.0 million as of September 30, 2017.
On July 10, 2017, a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications exchanged $15.6 million principal amount of iHeartCommunications' 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 that were held by a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications for $15.6 million principal amount of iHeartCommunications' 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 that were held by an unaffiliated third party.
In October 2017, iHeartCommunications exchanged $45.0 million principal amount of 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 that were held by a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications for $45.0 million principal amount of iHeartCommunications' 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 that were held by unaffiliated third parties.
Certain Relationships with the Sponsors
We are party to a management agreement with certain affiliates of the Sponsors and certain other parties pursuant to which such affiliates of the Sponsors will provide management and financial advisory services until 2018. These arrangements require management fees to be paid to such affiliates of the Sponsors for such services at a rate not greater than $15.0 million per year, plus reimbursable expenses. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized management fees and reimbursable expenses of $3.8 million and $11.4 million, respectively, and $3.9 million and $11.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.
CCOH Dividends
In connection with the cash management arrangements for CCOH, iHeartCommunications maintains an intercompany revolving promissory note payable by iHeartCommunications to CCOH (the “Intercompany Note”), which consists of the net activities resulting from day-to-day cash management services provided by iHeartCommunications to CCOH. As of September 30, 2017, the balance of the Note was $1,051.3 million, all of which is payable on demand. The Intercompany Note is eliminated in consolidation in our consolidated financial statements.
The Intercompany Note previously was the subject of litigation. Pursuant to the terms of the settlement of that litigation, CCOH’s board of directors established an intercompany note committee for the specific purpose of monitoring the Intercompany Note. The CCOH Intercompany Note Committee has the non-exclusive authority, pursuant to the terms of its charter, to demand payments under the Intercompany Note under certain specified circumstances tied to the Company’s liquidity or the amount
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outstanding under the Intercompany Note as long as CCOH makes a simultaneous dividend equal to the amount so demanded. If the specified circumstances tied to the Company’s liquidity occur, the CCOH Intercompany Note Committee is authorized to demand repayment of up to the full principal amount of the Intercompany Note, if it declares a simultaneous dividend to CCOH’s stockholders in the same amount. As of November 8, 2017, the CCOH Intercompany Note Committee has the right pursuant to the terms of the settlement of the derivative litigation filed by CCOH’s stockholders regarding the Intercompany Note but not the obligation, to make a demand on the Intercompany Note. Based on the $1,051.3 million balance of the Intercompany Note and the ownership of CCOH as of September 30, 2017, if the CCOH Intercompany Note Committee were to demand repayment of the Intercompany Note in full, we would be required to use cash to fund approximately $110.4 million, or 10.5% of the dividend, to be paid to the public stockholders of CCOH. We cannot assure you that we will have sufficient cash available to make such a payment if the liquidity trigger occurs.
During the fourth quarter of 2016, CCOH sold its outdoor business in Australia for cash proceeds of $195.7 million, net of cash retained by the purchaser and closing costs. As discussed above under "Recent Liquidity-Generating Transactions," on February 9, 2017, CCOH declared a special dividend of $282.5 million using a portion of the cash proceeds from the sales of certain non-strategic U.S. outdoor markets and of our Australia outdoor business. On February 23, 2017, we received 89.9% of the dividend, or approximately $254.0 million, with the remaining 10.1%, or approximately $28.5 million, paid to public stockholders of CCOH.
On September 14, 2017, (i) CCOH provided notice of its intent to make a demand (the “First Demand”) for repayment on October 5, 2017 of $25.0 million outstanding under the Intercompany Note, and (ii) the board of directors of CCOH declared a special cash dividend, which was paid on October 5, 2017 to CCOH’s Class A and Class B stockholders of record at the closing of business on October 2, 2017, in an aggregate amount equal to $25.0 million, funded with the proceeds of the First Demand. iHeartCommunications received approximately 89.5%, or approximately $22.4 million, of the proceeds of the dividend through its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The remaining approximately 10.5% of the proceeds of the dividend, or approximately $2.6 million, was paid to the public stockholders of CCOH.
On October 11, 2017, (i) CCOH provided notice of its intent to make a demand (the “Second Demand”) for repayment on October 31, 2017 of $25.0 million outstanding under the Intercompany Note, and (ii) the board of directors of CCOH declared a special cash dividend, which was paid on October 31, 2017 to CCOH’s Class A and Class B stockholders of record at the closing of business on October 26, 2017, in an aggregate amount equal to $25.0 million, funded with the proceeds of the Second Demand. iHeartCommunications received approximately 89.5%, or approximately $22.4 million, of the proceeds of the dividend through its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The remaining approximately 10.5% of the proceeds of the dividend, or approximately $2.6 million, was paid to the public stockholders of CCOH.
Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees
We are currently involved in certain legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business and, as required, have accrued our estimate of the probable costs for resolution of those claims for which the occurrence of loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These estimates have been developed in consultation with counsel and are based upon an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. It is possible, however, that future results of operations for any particular period could be materially affected by changes in our assumptions or the effectiveness of our strategies related to these proceedings. Please refer to “Legal Proceedings” in Part II, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
SEASONALITY
Typically, the iHM, Americas outdoor and International outdoor segments experience their lowest financial performance in the first quarter of the calendar year, with International outdoor historically experiencing a loss from operations in that period. Our International outdoor segment typically experiences its strongest performance in the second and fourth quarters of the calendar year. We expect this trend to continue in the future. In addition, the majority of interest payments made in relation to long-term debt are paid in the first and third quarters of each calendar year. Due to this seasonality and certain other factors, the results for the interim periods may not be indicative of results for the full year.
MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risks arising from changes in market rates and prices, including movements in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and inflation.
Interest Rate Risk
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A significant amount of our long-term debt bears interest at variable rates. Accordingly, our earnings will be affected by changes in interest rates. As of September 30, 2017, approximately 32% of our aggregate principal amount of long-term debt bears interest at floating rates. Assuming the current level of borrowings and assuming a 50% change in LIBOR, it is estimated that our interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 would have changed by $26.2 million.
In the event of an adverse change in interest rates, management may take actions to mitigate our exposure. However, due to the uncertainty of the actions that would be taken and their possible effects, the preceding interest rate sensitivity analysis assumes no such actions. Further, the analysis does not consider the effects of the change in the level of overall economic activity that could exist in such an environment.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We have operations in countries throughout the world. Foreign operations are measured in their local currencies. As a result, our financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in the foreign markets in which we have operations. We believe we mitigate a small portion of our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations with a natural hedge through borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Our foreign operations reported net losses of $15.2 million and $15.4 million for three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. We estimate a 10% increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies would have decreased our net losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 by $1.5 million, respectively. A 10% decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 would have increased our net losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 by corresponding amounts.
This analysis does not consider the implications that such currency fluctuations could have on the overall economic activity that could exist in such an environment in the U.S. or the foreign countries or on the results of operations of these foreign entities.
Inflation
Inflation is a factor in the economies in which we do business and we continue to seek ways to mitigate its effect. Inflation has affected our performance in terms of higher costs for wages, salaries and equipment. Although the exact impact of inflation is indeterminable, we believe we have offset these higher costs by increasing the effective advertising rates of most of our broadcasting stations and outdoor display faces in our iHM, Americas outdoor and International outdoor operations.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates that are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The result of these evaluations forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amount of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such difference could be material. Our significant accounting policies are discussed in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Note 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Management believes that the following accounting estimates are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results, and they require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, resulting from the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. The following narrative describes these critical accounting estimates, the judgments and assumptions and the effect if actual results differ from these assumptions.
The Company performs its annual impairment test on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of July 1 of each year.
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets
In connection with the Merger Agreement pursuant to which we acquired iHeartCommunications in 2008, we allocated the purchase price to all of our assets and liabilities at estimated fair values, including our FCC licenses and our billboard permits. Indefinite-lived intangible assets, such as our FCC licenses and our billboard permits, are reviewed annually for possible impairment using the direct valuation method as prescribed in ASC 805-20-S99. Under the direct valuation method, the estimated fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets was calculated at the market level as prescribed by ASC 350-30-35. Under the direct valuation method, it is assumed that rather than acquiring indefinite-lived intangible assets as a part of a going concern business, the buyer hypothetically obtains indefinite-lived intangible assets and builds a new operation with similar attributes from scratch.
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Thus, the buyer incurs start-up costs during the build-up phase which are normally associated with going concern value. Initial capital costs are deducted from the discounted cash flows model, which results in value that is directly attributable to the indefinite-lived intangible assets.
Our key assumptions using the direct valuation method are market revenue growth rates, market share, profit margin, duration and profile of the build-up period, estimated start-up capital costs and losses incurred during the build-up period, the risk-adjusted discount rate and terminal values. This data is populated using industry normalized information representing an average asset within a market.
On July 1, 2017, we performed our annual impairment test in accordance with ASC 350-30-35 and recognized impairment charges of $6.0 million related to FCC Licenses and no impairment related to outdoor billboard permits.
In determining the fair value of our FCC licenses, the following key assumptions were used:

• | Revenue growth sales forecasts published by BIA Financial Network, Inc. (“BIA”), varying by market, were used for the initial four-year period;

• | 2.0% revenue growth was assumed beyond the initial four-year period;

• | Revenue was grown proportionally over a build-up period, reaching market revenue forecast by year 3;

• | Operating margins of 12.5% in the first year gradually climb to the industry average margin in year 3 of up to 25.0%, depending on market size; and

• | Assumed discount rates of 8.0% for the 13 largest markets and 8.5% for all other markets.

In determining the fair value of our billboard permits, the following key assumptions were used:

• | Industry revenue growth forecasts between 0.5% and 3.5% were used for the initial four-year period;

• | 3.0% revenue growth was assumed beyond the initial four-year period;

• | Revenue was grown over a build-up period, reaching maturity by year 2;

• | Operating margins gradually climb to the industry average margin of up to 55.9%, depending on market size, by year 3; and

• | Assumed discount rate of 7.5%.

While we believe we have made reasonable estimates and utilized appropriate assumptions to calculate the fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets, it is possible a material change could occur. If future results are not consistent with our assumptions and estimates, we may be exposed to impairment charges in the future. The following table shows the change in the fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets that would result from a 100 basis point decline in our discrete and terminal period revenue growth rate and profit margin assumptions and a 100 basis point increase in our discount rate assumption:

(In thousands) |  | Revenue |  | Profit |  | Discount
Description |  | Growth Rate |  | Margin |  | Rates
FCC license |  | $ | 485,735 |  |  | $ | 183,700 |  |  | $ | 549,775 |
Billboard permits |  | $ | 1,107,600 |  |  | $ | 161,800 |  |  | $ | 1,118,300 |

The estimated fair value of our FCC licenses and billboard permits at July 1, 2017 was $7.0 billion ($3.2 billion for FCC licenses and $3.7 billion for billboard permits), while the carrying value was $3.4 billion. The estimated fair value of our FCC licenses and billboard permits at July 1, 2016 was $7.1 billion ($3.1 billion for FCC licenses and $4.0 billion for billboard permits), while the carrying value was $3.4 billion.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business combinations. We test goodwill at interim dates if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. The fair value of our reporting units is used to apply value to the net assets of each reporting unit. To the extent that the carrying amount of net assets would exceed the fair value, an impairment charge may be required to be recorded.
The discounted cash flow approach we use for valuing goodwill as part of the two-step impairment testing approach involves estimating future cash flows expected to be generated from the related assets, discounted to their present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate. Terminal values are also estimated and discounted to their present value.
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On July 1, 2017, we performed our annual impairment test in accordance with ASC 350-30-35, resulting in a goodwill impairment charge of $1.6 million related to one of our International outdoor markets. In determining the fair value of our reporting units, we used the following assumptions:

• | Expected cash flows underlying our business plans for the periods 2017 through 2021. Our cash flow assumptions are based on detailed, multi-year forecasts performed by each of our operating segments, and reflect the advertising outlook across our businesses.

• | Cash flows beyond 2021 are projected to grow at a perpetual growth rate, which we estimated at 2.0% for our iHM segment, 3.0% for our Americas outdoor and International outdoor segments, and 2.0% for our Other segment (beyond 2024).

• | In order to risk adjust the cash flow projections in determining fair value, we utilized a discount rate of approximately 8.0% to 11.5% for each of our reporting units.

Based on our annual assessment using the assumptions described above, a hypothetical 10% reduction in the estimated fair value in each of our reporting units would not result in a material impairment condition.
While we believe we have made reasonable estimates and utilized appropriate assumptions to calculate the estimated fair value of our reporting units, it is possible a material change could occur. If future results are not consistent with our assumptions and estimates, we may be exposed to impairment charges in the future. The following table shows the decline in the fair value of each of our reportable segments that would result from a 100 basis point decline in our discrete and terminal period revenue growth rate and profit margin assumptions and a 100 basis point increase in our discount rate assumption:

(In thousands) |  | Revenue |  | Profit |  | Discount
Description |  | Growth Rate |  | Margin |  | Rates
iHM |  | $ | 1,180,000 |  |  | $ | 310,000 |  |  | $ | 1,150,000 |
Americas Outdoor |  | $ | 820,000 |  |  | $ | 170,000 |  |  | $ | 780,000 |
International Outdoor |  | $ | 260,000 |  |  | $ | 210,000 |  |  | $ | 220,000 |

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Except for the historical information, this report contains various forward-looking statements which represent our expectations or beliefs concerning future events, including, without limitation, our future operating and financial performance, our liquidity, our ability to comply with the covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness and the availability of capital and the terms thereof. Statements expressing expectations and projections with respect to future matters are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We caution that these forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties and are subject to many variables which could impact our future performance. These statements are made on the basis of management’s views and assumptions, as of the time the statements are made, regarding future events and performance. There can be no assurance, however, that management’s expectations will necessarily come to pass. Actual future events and performance may differ materially from the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements. We do not intend, nor do we undertake any duty, to update any forward-looking statements.
A wide range of factors could materially affect future developments and performance, including but not limited to:

• | our ability to continue as a going concern;

• | the impact of our substantial indebtedness, including the effect of our leverage on our financial position and earnings;

• | our ability to generate sufficient cash from operations and liquidity-generating transactions and our need to allocate significant amounts of our cash to make payments on our indebtedness, which in turn could reduce our financial flexibility and ability to fund other activities;

• | risks associated with weak or uncertain global economic conditions and their impact on the capital markets;

• | other general economic and political conditions in the United States and in other countries in which we currently do business, including those resulting from recessions, political events and acts or threats of terrorism or military conflicts;

• | industry conditions, including competition;

• | the level of expenditures on advertising;

• | legislative or regulatory requirements;

• | fluctuations in operating costs;

• | technological changes and innovations;

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• | changes in labor conditions, including programming, program hosts and management;

• | capital expenditure requirements;

• | risks of doing business in foreign countries;

• | fluctuations in exchange rates and currency values;

• | the outcome of pending and future litigation;

• | taxes and tax disputes;

• | changes in interest rates;

• | shifts in population and other demographics;

• | access to capital markets and borrowed indebtedness;

• | our ability to implement our business strategies;

• | the risk that we may not be able to integrate the operations of acquired businesses successfully;

• | the risk that our strategic revenue and efficiency initiatives may not be entirely successful or that any cost savings achieved from such strategic revenue and efficiency initiatives may not persist; and

• | certain other factors set forth in our other filings with the SEC.

This list of factors that may affect future performance and the accuracy of forward-looking statements is illustrative and is not intended to be exhaustive. Accordingly, all forward-looking statements should be evaluated with the understanding of their inherent uncertainty.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Required information is presented under “Market Risk” within Item 2 of this Part I.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we have carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2017 at the reasonable assurance level.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II -- OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We currently are involved in certain legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business and, as required, have accrued an estimate of the probable costs for the resolution of those claims for which the occurrence of loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These estimates have been developed in consultation with counsel and are based upon an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. It is possible, however, that future results of operations for any particular period could be materially affected by changes in our assumptions or the effectiveness of our strategies related to these proceedings. Additionally, due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation, there can be no assurance that the resolution of any particular claim or proceeding would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Although we are involved in a variety of legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, a large portion of our litigation arises in the following contexts: commercial disputes; defamation matters; employment and benefits related claims; governmental fines; intellectual property claims; and tax disputes.
Stockholder Litigation
On May 9, 2016, a stockholder of Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc. ("CCOH") filed a derivative lawsuit in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, captioned GAMCO Asset Management Inc. v. iHeartMedia Inc. et al., C.A. No. 12312-VCS. The complaint names as defendants the Company, iHeartCommunications, Inc. ("iHeartCommunications"), an indirect subsidiary of the Company, Bain Capital Partners, LLC and Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P. (together, the "Sponsor Defendants"), the Company's private equity sponsors and majority owners, and the members of CCOH's board of directors. CCOH also is named as a nominal defendant. The complaint alleges that CCOH has been harmed by the intercompany agreements with iHeartCommunications, CCOH’s lack of autonomy over its own cash and the actions of the defendants in serving the interests of the Company, iHeartCommunications and the Sponsor Defendants to the detriment of CCOH and its minority stockholders. Specifically, the complaint alleges that the defendants have breached their fiduciary duties by causing CCOH to: (i) continue to loan cash to iHeartCommunications under the intercompany note at below-market rates; (ii) abandon its growth and acquisition strategies in favor of transactions that would provide cash to the Company and iHeartCommunications; (iii) issue new debt in the CCIBV note offering (the "CCIBV Note Offering") to provide cash to the Company and iHeartCommunications through a dividend; and (iv) effect the sales of certain outdoor markets in the U.S. (the "Outdoor Asset Sales") allegedly to provide cash to the Company and iHeartCommunications through a dividend. The complaint also alleges that the Company, iHeartCommunications and the Sponsor Defendants aided and abetted the directors' breaches of their fiduciary duties. The complaint further alleges that the Company, iHeartCommunications and the Sponsor Defendants were unjustly enriched as a result of these transactions and that these transactions constituted a waste of corporate assets for which the defendants are liable to CCOH. The plaintiff is seeking, among other things, a ruling that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties to CCOH and that the Company, iHeartCommunications and the Sponsor Defendants aided and abetted the CCOH board of directors' breaches of fiduciary duty, rescission of payments made by CCOH to iHeartCommunications and its affiliates pursuant to dividends declared in connection with the CCIBV Note Offering and Outdoor Asset Sales, and an order requiring the Company, iHeartCommunications and the Sponsor Defendants to disgorge all profits they have received as a result of the alleged fiduciary misconduct.
On July 20, 2016, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss plaintiff's verified stockholder derivative complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. On November 23, 2016, the Court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss all claims brought by the plaintiff. On December 19, 2016, the plaintiff filed a notice of appeal of the ruling. The oral hearing on the appeal was held on October 11, 2017. On October 12, 2017, the Supreme Court of Delaware affirmed the lower court's ruling, dismissing the case.
International Outdoor Investigation
On April 21, 2015, inspections were conducted at the premises of Clear Channel in Denmark and Sweden as part of an investigation by Danish competition authorities. Additionally, on the same day, Clear Channel UK received a communication from the UK competition authorities, also in connection with the investigation by Danish competition authorities. Clear Channel and its affiliates are cooperating with the national competition authorities.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
For information regarding our risk factors, please refer to Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (the "Annual Report") and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. There have not been any material changes
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in the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report and Quarterly Reports, except that we are updating the risk factor entitled "To service our debt obligations and to fund our operations and our capital expenditures, we require a significant amount of cash to meet our needs, which depends on many factors beyond our control" as set forth below:
To service our debt obligations and to fund our operations and our capital expenditures, we require a significant amount of cash to meet our needs, which depends on many factors beyond our control, and management has determined that there is substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern for a period within 12 months following November 8, 2017 based on the uncertainty about these factors
To service our debt obligations and to fund our operations and our capital expenditures, we require a significant amount of cash. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand, cash flow from operations, borrowing capacity under iHeartCommunications' domestic receivables-based credit facility, subject to the limitations contained in iHeartCommunications' material financing agreements, and cash from liquidity-generating transactions. As of September 30, 2017, we had $286.4 million of cash and cash equivalents on our balance sheet, including $222.4 million of cash and cash equivalents held by our subsidiary, CCOH. As of September 30, 2017, we had a borrowing base of $499.1 million under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility, had $365.0 million of outstanding borrowings and $49.1 million of outstanding letters of credit, resulting in $85.0 million of excess availability. However, any incremental borrowings under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility may be further limited by the terms contained in iHeartCommunications' material financing agreements.
During the second quarter of 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. This update provides U.S. GAAP guidance on management's responsibility in evaluating whether there is substantial doubt about a company's ability to continue as a going concern and about related footnote disclosures. We adopted this standard for the year ended December 31, 2016. Under this standard, we are required to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern each reporting period, including interim periods. In evaluating our ability to continue as a going concern, management considered the conditions and events that could raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of 12 months following the date our financial statements were issued (November 8, 2017). Management considered our current financial condition and liquidity sources, including current funds available, forecasted future cash flows and our conditional and unconditional obligations due before November 8, 2018.
A substantial amount of our cash requirements are for debt service obligations. Our current forecast indicates we will continue to incur net losses and generate negative cash flows from operating activities as a result of our indebtedness and significant related interest expense. At September 30, 2017, the Company had debt maturities totaling $366.9 million, $308.5 million (net of $277.1 million due to certain of our subsidiaries) and $8,368.9 million in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. In October 2017, iHeartCommunications exchanged $45.0 million principal amount of 11.25% Priority Guarantee Notes due 2021 that were held by a subsidiary of iHeartCommunications for $45.0 million principal amount of 10.0% Senior Notes due 2018 that were held by unaffiliated third parties. After the exchanges, our debt maturities in the next 12 months include, (i) $365.0 million outstanding under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility, which matures on December 24, 2017, (ii) $51.5 million of 10% Senior Notes due January 15, 2018, (iii) $175.0 million of 6.875% Senior Notes due June 15, 2018, (iv) $24.8 million of contractual AHYDO catch-up payments to be made on iHeartCommunications' 14% Senior Notes due 2021 on the interest payment due on August 1, 2018. Our forecast includes approximately $1.8 billion in cash interest payments in the next 12 months, of which $344.6 million is payable in the fourth quarter of 2017 and $548.2 million is payable in the first quarter of 2018. In addition, in certain circumstances, a committee of the CCOH board of directors formed for the specific purpose of monitoring the Intercompany Note (the “CCOH Intercompany Note Committee”) has the non-exclusive authority to demand payments under the Intercompany Note, as long as the CCOH board of directors declares a simultaneous dividend equal to the amount so demanded. As of November 8, 2017, the CCOH Intercompany Note Committee has the right pursuant to the terms of the settlement of the derivative litigation filed by CCOH’s stockholders regarding the Intercompany Note but not the obligation, to make a demand on the Intercompany Note. If the CCOH Intercompany Note Committee exercises this right to demand a full repayment of the Intercompany Note and the CCOH board of directors declares a simultaneous dividend, based on the balance of the Intercompany Note outstanding at September 30, 2017, approximately $110.4 million would be payable to the public stockholders of CCOH. If we are unable to refinance the amounts outstanding under the receivables-based credit facility, the 10% Senior Notes due January 15, 2018, and/or the 6.875% Senior Notes due June 15, 2018 and take other steps to create additional liquidity, forecasted cash flows are not sufficient for us to meet our obligations, including upcoming interest payments and maturities on our outstanding debt, as they become due in the ordinary course of business for a period of 12 months following November 8, 2017.
While we continue to work toward completing the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers or other similar transactions, refinancing the maturity of the receivables-based credit facility and taking other actions to create additional liquidity, there is no assurance that the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers or other similar transactions will be completed, that the amounts outstanding under the receivables-based credit facility will be refinanced or that we will be able to create additional
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liquidity. Our ability to meet our obligations as they become due in the ordinary course of business for the next 12 months will depend on our ability to achieve forecasted results, our ability to conserve cash, our ability to refinance the amounts outstanding under the receivables-based credit facility, our ability to successfully complete the notes exchange offers and the term loan offers or other similar transactions and achieve sufficient cash interest savings therefrom and our ability to complete other liquidity-generating transactions. Based on the uncertainty of achieving these actions and the significance of the forecasted future negative cash flows resulting from our substantial debt balance, including anticipated future interest cash payments (including interest due in the fourth quarter of 2017 and in 2018) and the maturities of the $365.0 million in current borrowings under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility that matures December 24, 2017, the $51.5 million aggregate principal amount of 10% Senior Notes due January 15, 2018, the $175.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.875% Senior Notes due June 15, 2018 and the $24.8 million of contractual AHYDO catch-up payments to be made on iHeartCommunications' 14% Senior Notes due 2021 beginning with the interest payment due on August 1, 2018, management has determined that there is substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of 12 months following November 8, 2017.
If we are unable to complete any of the actions described in the paragraph above, or otherwise generate incremental liquidity, or if there are material adverse developments in our business, results of operations or liquidity, we may be forced to further reduce or delay our business activities and capital expenditures, sell material assets, seek additional capital or be required to file for bankruptcy court protection. We cannot assure you that we would be able to accomplish any of these alternatives on a timely basis or on satisfactory terms, if at all.
In connection with the cash management arrangements for CCOH, iHeartCommunications maintains an intercompany revolving promissory note payable by iHeartCommunications to CCOH (the "Intercompany Note"), which matures on December 15, 2017. As of September 30, 2017, the balance of the Note was $1,051.3 million, all of which is payable on demand. While we intend to extend the maturity of the Intercompany Note prior to its maturity, the principal amount outstanding under the Intercompany Note is subject to demand by CCOH or the CCOH Intercompany Note Committee. We cannot assure you that we will have sufficient cash to make such a payment if CCOH or the CCOH Independent Note Committee demanded payment of the Intercompany Note in full.
The covenants in iHeartCommunications' senior secured credit facilities include a requirement that we receive an opinion from our auditors in connection with our year-end audit that is not subject to a “going concern” or like qualification or exception. Even if we are able to successfully refinance the amounts outstanding under iHeartCommunications' receivables-based credit facility and manage our liquidity challenges through the end of 2017, if we are unable to improve our liquidity forecast for 2018 and refinance or extend a significant portion of our substantial 2019 debt maturities prior to the completion of the audit of our 2017 financial statements, we anticipate that our auditor’s year-end opinion will contain a “going concern” qualification, and, if we are unable to obtain a waiver of the covenant in the senior secured credit facilities that requires us to deliver an unqualified auditor’s opinion, it will trigger a default under the senior secured credit facilities. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such a waiver or amendment.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table sets forth the purchases of shares of our Class A common stock made during the quarter ended September 30, 2017 by or on behalf of us or an affiliated purchaser:

Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased(1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share(1) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1 through July 31 | 103,987 |  |  | $ | 1.40 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
August 1 through August 31 | 182 |  |  | 1.75 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
September 1 through September 30 | 548 |  |  | 1.63 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 104,717 |  |  | $ | 1.33 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |

(1) | The shares indicated consist of shares of our Class A common stock tendered by employees to us during the three months ended September 30, 2017 to satisfy the employees’ tax withholding obligation in connection with the vesting and release of restricted shares, which are repurchased by us based on their fair market value on the date the relevant transaction occurs.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number |  | Description
4.1 |  | Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 14, 2017, among Clear Channel International B.V., the guarantors party thereto, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, paying agent, registrar and transfer agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 14, 2017).
10.1 |  | First Amendment to Employment Agreement, effective as of May 1, 2017, between Scott D. Hamilton and iHeartMedia Management Services, Inc.
31.1* |  | Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2* |  | Certification Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1** |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2** |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101* |  | Interactive Data Files.

____________
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| IHEARTMEDIA, INC.
November 8, 2017 |
| /s/ SCOTT D. HAMILTON
| Scott D. Hamilton
| Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Assistant Secretary

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