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BASIS OF PRESENTATION | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
BASIS OF PRESENTATION | BASIS OF PRESENTATION Preparation of Interim Financial Statements All references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to iHeartMedia, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The Company’s reportable segments are iHeartMedia (“iHM”), Americas outdoor advertising (“Americas outdoor” or “Americas outdoor advertising”) and International outdoor advertising (“International outdoor” or “International outdoor advertising”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, in the opinion of management, include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods shown. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. Management believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Due to seasonality and other factors, the results for the interim periods may not be indicative of results for the full year. The financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Also included in the consolidated financial statements are entities for which the Company has a controlling financial interest or is the primary beneficiary. Investments in companies in which the Company owns 20% to 50% of the voting common stock or otherwise exercises significant influence over operating and financial policies of the company are accounted for under the equity method. All significant intercompany transactions are eliminated in the consolidation process. The Company re-evaluated its segment reporting and determined that its Latin American operations should be managed by its International outdoor leadership team. As a result, beginning on January 1, 2018, the operations of Latin America are no longer reflected within the Company’s Americas outdoor segment and are included in the results of its International outdoor segment. Accordingly, the Company has recast the corresponding segment disclosures for prior periods to include Latin America within the International outdoor segment. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2018 presentation. Immaterial Corrections to Prior Periods During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company identified misstatements associated with VAT obligations in its International Outdoor segment, which resulted in an understatement of the Company's VAT obligation. The Company evaluated the effects of these misstatements on prior periods’ consolidated financial statements, individually and in the aggregate, in accordance with the guidance in SEC Staff Bulletins ("SAB") 99, Materiality, SAB 108, Considering the Effects of Prior year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in the Current Year Financial Statements and Accounting Standards Codification 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, and concluded that no prior period is materially misstated. However, the Company has determined to revise our consolidated financial statements for the VAT misstatements, as well as other previously identified immaterial errors, for the prior periods presented herein. A summary of the effect of the corrections on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017 is as follows:
| December 31, 2017
(In thousands) | As Reported |  | Correction |  | Revised
Other assets | $ | 278,267 |  |  | $ | (3,335 | ) |  | $ | 274,932 |
Total Assets | 12,260,431 |  |  | (3,335 | ) |  | 12,257,096 |
Other long-term liabilities | 597,085 |  |  | 13,554 |  |  | 610,639 |
Noncontrolling interest | 42,764 |  |  | (1,573 | ) |  | 41,191 |
Accumulated deficit | (13,127,843 | ) |  | (14,158 | ) |  | (13,142,001 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (312,560 | ) |  | (1,158 | ) |  | (313,718 | )
Total Stockholders' Deficit | (11,327,455 | ) |  | (16,889 | ) |  | (11,344,344 | )
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficit | 12,260,431 |  |  | (3,335 | ) |  | 12,257,096 |
A summary of the effect of the corrections on the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 is as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
(In thousands) | As Reported |  | Correction |  | Revised
Revenue | $ | 1,537,416 |  |  | $ | (659 | ) |  | $ | 1,536,757 |
Direct operating expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization) | 621,895 |  |  | 1,846 |  |  | 623,741 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization) | 438,654 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 438,796 |
Operating income | 228,305 |  |  | (2,647 | ) |  | 225,658 |
Loss before income taxes | (244,133 | ) |  | (2,647 | ) |  | (246,780 | )
Consolidated net loss | (246,184 | ) |  | (2,647 | ) |  | (248,831 | )
Less amount attributable to noncontrolling interest | 1,993 |  |  | (334 | ) |  | 1,659 |
Net loss attributable to the Company | (248,177 | ) |  | (2,313 | ) |  | (250,490 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 13,010 |  |  | (602 | ) |  | 12,408 |
Other comprehensive income | 18,897 |  |  | (602 | ) |  | 18,295 |
Comprehensive loss | (229,280 | ) |  | (2,915 | ) |  | (232,195 | )
Less amount attributable to noncontrolling interest | 4,289 |  |  | (128 | ) |  | 4,161 |
Comprehensive loss attributable to the Company | (233,569 | ) |  | (2,787 | ) |  | (236,356 | )
Basic loss per share | (2.92 | ) |  | (0.02 | ) |  | (2.94 | )
Diluted loss per share | (2.92 | ) |  | (0.02 | ) |  | (2.94 | )
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
(In thousands) | As Reported |  | Correction |  | Revised
Revenue | $ | 4,457,106 |  |  | $ | (1,836 | ) |  | $ | 4,455,270 |
Direct operating expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization) | 1,807,534 |  |  | 4,971 |  |  | 1,812,505 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses (excludes depreciation and amortization) | 1,336,563 |  |  | 528 |  |  | 1,337,091 |
Operating income | 653,026 |  |  | (7,335 | ) |  | 645,691 |
Interest expense | 1,388,747 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 1,388,819 |
Loss before income taxes | (751,638 | ) |  | (7,407 | ) |  | (759,045 | )
Consolidated net loss | (801,781 | ) |  | (7,407 | ) |  | (809,188 | )
Less amount attributable to noncontrolling interest | 8,648 |  |  | (1,034 | ) |  | 7,614 |
Net loss attributable to the Company | (810,429 | ) |  | (6,373 | ) |  | (816,802 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 44,665 |  |  | (1,594 | ) |  | 43,071 |
Other comprehensive income | 49,010 |  |  | (1,594 | ) |  | 47,416 |
Comprehensive loss | (761,419 | ) |  | (7,967 | ) |  | (769,386 | )
Less amount attributable to noncontrolling interest | 10,342 |  |  | (282 | ) |  | 10,060 |
Comprehensive loss attributable to the Company | (771,761 | ) |  | (7,685 | ) |  | (779,446 | )
Basic loss per share | (9.55 | ) |  | (0.07 | ) |  | (9.62 | )
Diluted loss per share | (9.55 | ) |  | (0.07 | ) |  | (9.62 | )
Voluntary Filing under Chapter 11 On March 14, 2018 (the "Petition Date"), the Company, iHeartCommunications, Inc. ("iHeartCommunications") and certain of the Company's direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries (collectively, the "Debtors") filed voluntary petitions for relief (the "Chapter 11 Cases") under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (the "Bankruptcy Code"), in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division (the "Bankruptcy Court"). Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc. (“CCOH”) and its direct and indirect subsidiaries did not file voluntary petitions for reorganization under the Bankruptcy Code and are not Debtors in the Chapter 11 Cases. The Chapter 11 Cases are being administered under the caption In re: iHeartMedia, Inc., Case No. 18-31274 (MI). The Debtors are operating their businesses as “debtors-in-possession” under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and orders of the Bankruptcy Court. On March 16, 2018, the Debtors entered into a Restructuring Support Agreement (the “RSA”) with certain creditors and equity holders (the “Consenting Stakeholders”). The RSA contemplates the restructuring and recapitalization of the Debtors (the “Restructuring Transactions”), which will be implemented through a plan of reorganization in the Chapter 11 Cases, if confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court. Pursuant to the RSA, the Consenting Stakeholders have agreed to, among other things, support the Restructuring Transactions and vote in favor of a plan of reorganization to effect the Restructuring Transactions. The RSA provides certain milestones for the Restructuring Transactions. Failure of the Debtors to satisfy these milestones without a waiver or consensual amendment would provide the Consenting Stakeholders a termination right under the RSA. These milestones include (i) the filing of a plan of reorganization and disclosure statement, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Debtors and the Consenting Stakeholders, which were filed with the Bankruptcy Court on April 28, 2018, (ii) the filing of a motion for approval of the disclosure statement by May 31, 2018, which deadline was subsequently extended to June 22, 2018, and which motion was filed with the Bankruptcy Court on June 22, 2018, (iii) the entry of an order approving the disclosure statement by July 27, 2018 (subject to one additional 20-day extension on the terms set forth on the RSA), (iv) the entry of an order confirming the plan of reorganization within 75 days of the entry of an order approving the disclosure statement and (v) the effective date of the plan of reorganization occurring by March 14, 2019. The Debtors satisfied the first and second milestones, but did not satisfy the third milestone because the order approving the Disclosure Statement was not entered until September 20, 2018, which was after the date required by the third milestone. As a result, certain of the Consenting Stakeholders presently have the right to terminate the RSA, but as of the date hereof, the RSA has not been terminated. On June 15, 2018, July 16, 2018 August 15, 2018, September 7, 2018 and October 1, 2018, the Debtors filed monthly operating reports for the periods from March 15, 2018 to April 30, 2018, May 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018, June 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018, July 1, 2018 to July 31, 2018 and August 1, 2018 to August 31, 2018, respectively (the “Monthly Operating Reports”) with the Bankruptcy Court. iHeartCommunications, which is a Debtor in the Chapter 11 Cases, provides the day-to-day cash management services for CCOH’s cash activities and balances in the U.S. pursuant to the Corporate Services Agreement between iHeartCommunications and CCOH, and is continuing to do so during the Chapter 11 Cases pursuant to a cash management order approved by the Bankruptcy Court. iHeartCommunications' filing of the Chapter 11 Cases constituted an event of default that accelerated its obligations under its debt agreements. Due to the Chapter 11 Cases, however, the creditors’ ability to exercise remedies under iHeartCommunications' debt agreements were stayed as of March 14, 2018, the date of the Chapter 11 petition filing, and continue to be stayed. The Company has applied Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 852 - Reorganizations in preparing the consolidated financial statements. ASC 852 requires the financial statements, for periods subsequent to the commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases, to distinguish transactions and events that are directly associated with the reorganization from the ongoing operations of the business. Accordingly, certain charges incurred during 2018 related to the bankruptcy proceedings, including unamortized long-term debt fees and discounts associated with debt classified as liabilities subject to compromise, are recorded as Reorganization items, net. In addition, pre-petition Debtor obligations that may be impacted by the Chapter 11 Cases have been classified on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2018 as Liabilities subject to compromise. These liabilities are reported at the amounts the Company anticipates will be allowed by the Bankruptcy Court, even if they may be settled for lesser amounts. See below for more information regarding Reorganization items. ASC 852 requires certain additional reporting for financial statements prepared between the bankruptcy filing date and the date of emergence from bankruptcy, including:
• | Reclassification of Debtor pre-petition liabilities that are unsecured, under-secured or where it cannot be determined that the liabilities are fully secured, to a separate line item in the Consolidated Balance Sheet called, "Liabilities subject to compromise"; and
• | Segregation of Reorganization items, net as a separate line in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss), outside of income from continuing operations.
Debtor-In-Possession The Debtors are currently operating as debtors in possession in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code. The Bankruptcy Court has approved motions filed by the Debtors that were designed primarily to mitigate the impact of the Chapter 11 Cases on the Company’s operations, customers and employees. In general, as debtors-in-possession under the Bankruptcy Code, the Debtors are authorized to continue to operate as an ongoing business, but may not engage in transactions outside the ordinary course of business without the prior approval of the Bankruptcy Court. Pursuant to first day motions and second day motions filed with the Bankruptcy Court, the Bankruptcy Court authorized the Debtors to conduct their business activities in the ordinary course, including, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions of such orders, authorizing the Debtors to: (i) pay employees’ wages and related obligations; (ii) continue to operate their cash management system in a form substantially similar to pre-petition practice; (iii) use cash collateral on an interim basis; (iv) continue to honor certain obligations related to on-air talent, station affiliates and royalty obligations; (v) continue to maintain certain customer programs; (vi) pay taxes in the ordinary course; (vii) continue their surety bond program; and (viii) maintain their insurance program in the ordinary course. Automatic Stay Subject to certain specific exceptions under the Bankruptcy Code, the Bankruptcy Petitions automatically stayed most judicial or administrative actions against the Debtors and efforts by creditors to collect on or otherwise exercise rights or remedies with respect to pre-petition claims. Absent an order from the Bankruptcy Court, substantially all of the Debtors’ pre-petition liabilities are subject to settlement under the Bankruptcy Code. See Note 13, Condensed Combined Debtor-In-Possession Financial Information. Executory Contracts Subject to certain exceptions, under the Bankruptcy Code, the Debtors may assume, amend or reject certain executory contracts and unexpired leases subject to the approval of the Bankruptcy Court and certain other conditions. Generally, the rejection of an executory contract or unexpired lease is treated as a pre-petition breach of such executory contract or unexpired lease and, subject to certain exceptions, relieves the Debtors from performing their future obligations under such executory contract or unexpired lease but entitles the contract counterparty or lessor to a pre-petition general unsecured claim for damages caused by such deemed breach. Generally, the assumption of an executory contract or unexpired lease requires the Debtors to cure existing monetary defaults under such executory contract or unexpired lease and provide adequate assurance of future performance. Accordingly, any description of an executory contract or unexpired lease with the Debtors in this document, including where applicable a quantification of the Company’s obligations under any such executory contract or unexpired lease of the Debtors, is qualified by any overriding rejection rights the Company has under the Bankruptcy Code. Potential Claims The Debtors have filed with the Bankruptcy Court schedules and statements setting forth, among other things, the assets and liabilities of each of the Debtors, subject to the assumptions filed in connection therewith. These schedules and statements may be subject to further amendment or modification after filing. Certain holders of pre-petition claims that are not governmental units were required to file proofs of claim by the deadline for general claims, which was on June 29, 2018 (the “Bar Date”). The Debtors' have received approximately 4,200 proofs of claim as of November 5, 2018 for an amount of approximately $808.3 billion. Such amount includes duplicate claims across multiple debtor legal entities. These claims will be reconciled to amounts recorded in the Company's accounting records. Differences in amounts recorded and claims filed by creditors will be investigated and resolved, including through the filing of objections with the Bankruptcy Court, where appropriate. The Bankruptcy Court does not allow for claims that have been acknowledged as duplicates. Approximately 275 claims totaling approximately $13 million have been disallowed or withdrawn and the Debtors have filed additional claim objections with the Bankruptcy Court for approximately 200 claims totaling approximately $4.8 billion in additional reductions. The Company may ask the Bankruptcy Court to disallow claims that the Company believes have been later amended or superseded, are without merit, are overstated or should be disallowed for other reasons. In addition, as a result of this process, the Company may identify additional liabilities that will need to be recorded or reclassified to Liabilities subject to compromise. In light of the substantial number of claims filed, and expected to be filed, the claims resolution process may take considerable time to complete and likely will continue after the Debtors emerge from bankruptcy. Reorganization Items, Net The Debtors have incurred and will continue to incur significant costs associated with the reorganization, including the write-off of original issue discount and deferred long-term debt fees on debt subject to compromise, costs of debtor-in-possession refinancing, legal and professional fees. The amount of these charges, which since the Petition Date are being expensed as incurred, are expected to significantly affect the Company’s results of operations. In accordance with applicable guidance, costs associated with the bankruptcy proceedings have been recorded as Reorganization items, net within the Company's accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. See Note 12, Reorganization Items, Net. Financial Statement Classification of Liabilities Subject to Compromise The accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018 includes amounts classified as Liabilities subject to compromise, which represent liabilities the Company anticipates will be allowed as claims in the Chapter 11 Cases. These amounts represent the Debtors’ current estimate of known or potential obligations to be resolved in connection with the Chapter 11 Cases, and may differ from actual future settlement amounts paid. Differences between liabilities estimated and claims filed, or to be filed, will be investigated and resolved in connection with the claims resolution process. The Company will continue to evaluate these liabilities throughout the Chapter 11 process and adjust amounts as necessary. Such adjustments may be material. See Note 11, Liabilities Subject to Compromise. Plan of Reorganization On April 28, 2018, the Debtors filed a plan of reorganization (as amended, the “Plan of Reorganization”) and a related disclosure statement (as amended, the “Disclosure Statement”) with the Bankruptcy Court pursuant to Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. On June 21, 2018, the Debtors filed an amended Disclosure Statement with the Bankruptcy Court. On August 5, 2018, the Debtors filed an amended Plan of Reorganization with the Bankruptcy Court. On August 23, 2018, the Debtors filed a second amended Plan of Reorganization and a further amended Disclosure Statement with the Bankruptcy Court. On August 28, 2018, the Debtors filed a third amended Plan of Reorganization and a further amended Disclosure Statement with the Bankruptcy Court. On September 12, 2018, the Debtors filed a fourth amended Plan of Reorganization and a further amended Disclosure Statement with the Bankruptcy Court. On September 18, 2018, the Debtors filed a revised fourth amended Plan of Reorganization and a further amended Disclosure Statement with the Bankruptcy Court. On September 20, 2018, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order approving the Disclosure Statement and related solicitation and notice procedures for voting on the Plan of Reorganization, and the Debtors filed solicitation versions of the Plan of Reorganization and Disclosure Statement. Following the entry of the order approving the Disclosure Statement, the Debtors, certain Consenting Stakeholders, and the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors reached an agreement regarding the treatment of general unsecured claims under the Plan of Reorganization. On October 10, 2018, the Debtors filed a fifth amended Plan of Reorganization reflecting such agreement and a supplement to the Disclosure Statement (the “Disclosure Statement Supplement”). On October 18, 2018, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order approving the Disclosure Statement Supplement and the continued solicitation of holders of general unsecured claims for voting on the Plan of Reorganization, and the Debtors filed solicitation versions of the Plan of Reorganization and Disclosure Statement Supplement. The deadline by which holders of claims and interests entitled to vote on the Plan of Reorganization must vote is currently November 16, 2018, and a hearing has been scheduled for December 11, 2018 to consider confirmation of the Plan of Reorganization. Pursuant to the Plan of Reorganization, iHeartMedia, Inc. or its successor or assignee on the effective date of the Plan of Reorganization (“Reorganized iHeart”) will issue new common stock (“Reorganized iHeart Common Stock”), special warrants to purchase Reorganized iHeart Common Stock (“Special Warrants”), or, if applicable, interests in a trust that may be created to hold Reorganized iHeart Common Stock and/or Special Warrants pending the Federal Communications Commission’s approval of the transactions contemplated by the Plan of Reorganization (the “FCC Trust,” and collectively with the Reorganized iHeart Common Stock and the Special Warrants, the “iHeart Equity Interests”), in exchange for claims against or interests in the Debtors. Holders of claims with respect to the iHeartCommunications term loan credit agreement, priority guarantee notes, 14% senior notes due 2021 and legacy notes will receive their pro rata share of a distribution of new term loans and new notes of iHeartCommunications and 99% of the iHeart Equity Interests, subject to dilution by any Reorganized iHeart Common Stock issued pursuant to a post-emergence equity incentive plan, as set forth in the Plan of Reorganization. The preliminary terms of the new term loans and new notes are set forth in the Disclosure Statement, and the amount and tenor of the new term loans and new notes will be set forth in a supplement to the Plan of Reorganization. Holders of equity interests in iHeartMedia will receive their pro rata share of 1% of the iHeart Equity Interests, subject to dilution by any Reorganized iHeart Common Stock issued pursuant to a post-emergence equity incentive plan. On the effective date of the Plan of Reorganization, the applicable Debtors will execute documents to effect the separation of CCOH from iHeartMedia, and the equity interests in CCOH (or its successor) currently held by subsidiaries of iHeartMedia will be distributed to holders of claims with respect to the term loan credit agreement and priority guarantee notes. The Plan of Reorganization is subject to the approval of the Bankruptcy Court and other constituencies in accordance with the Bankruptcy Code, and is subject to further revision. There can be no assurance that the Plan of Reorganization will be confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court on the currently contemplated terms or at all, or that any confirmed plan of reorganization will be implemented successfully. Going Concern The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and contemplate the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As noted above, Liabilities subject to compromise will be resolved in connection with the Chapter 11 Cases. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is contingent upon the Company’s ability to successfully implement the Company’s plan of reorganization, among other factors. As a result of the Chapter 11 Cases, the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities are subject to uncertainty. While operating as debtors-in-possession under Chapter 11, the Company may sell or otherwise dispose of or liquidate assets or settle liabilities, subject to the approval of the Bankruptcy Court or as otherwise permitted in the ordinary course of business, for amounts other than those reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Further, the plan of reorganization could materially change the amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities reported in the consolidated financial statements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities or any other adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern or as a consequence of the Chapter 11 Cases. As a result of our financial condition, the defaults under our debt agreements, and the risks and uncertainties surrounding the Chapter 11 Cases, substantial doubt exists that we will be able to continue as a going concern. New Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Revenue from Contracts with Customers As of January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new accounting standard, ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This standard provides guidance for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of revenue from contracts with customers and supersedes previous revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The Company has applied this standard using the full retrospective method and concluded that its adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), or Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for prior periods. Please refer to Note 2, Revenues, for more information. As a result of adopting this new accounting standard, the Company has updated its significant accounting policies, as follows: Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to payment, either because it has satisfied a performance obligation prior to receiving payment from the customer or has a non-cancelable contract that has been billed in advance in accordance with the Company’s normal billing terms. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of reserves for sales allowances and allowances for doubtful accounts. The Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable based on a combination of factors. In circumstances where it is aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, it records a specific reserve to reduce the amounts recorded to what it believes will be collected. For all other customers, it recognizes reserves for bad debt based on historical experience of bad debts as a percent of accounts receivable for each business unit, adjusted for relative improvements or deteriorations in the agings and changes in current economic conditions. The Company believes its concentration of credit risk is limited due to the large number and the geographic diversification of its customers. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when or as it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service to a customer. Where third-parties are involved in the provision of goods and services to a customer, revenue is recognized at the gross amount of consideration the Company expects to receive if the Company controls the promised good or service before it is transferred to the customer; otherwise, revenue is recognized at the net amount the Company retains. The Company receives payments from customers based on billing schedules that are established in its contracts, and deferred income is recorded when payment is received from a customer before the Company has satisfied the performance obligation or a non-cancelable contract has been billed in advance in accordance with the Company’s normal billing terms. The primary source of revenue in the iHM segment is the sale of advertising on the Company’s broadcast radio stations, its iHeartRadio mobile application and website, station websites, and national and local live events. Revenues for advertising spots are recognized at the point in time when the advertisement is broadcast or streamed, while revenues for online display advertisements are recognized over time based on impressions delivered or time elapsed, depending upon the terms of the contract. Revenues for event sponsorships are recognized over the period of the event. iHM also generates revenues from programming talent, network syndication, traffic and weather data, and other miscellaneous transactions, which are recognized when the services are transferred to the customer. iHM’s contracts with advertisers are typically a year or less in duration and are generally billed monthly upon satisfaction of the performance obligations. The Americas outdoor and International outdoor segments generate revenue primarily from the sale of advertising space on printed and digital displays, including billboards, street furniture displays, transit displays and retail displays, which may be sold as individual units or as a network package. Revenues from these contracts, which typically cover periods of a few weeks to one year, are generally recognized ratably over the term of the contract as the advertisement is displayed. These segments also generate revenue from production and creative services, which are distinct from the advertising display services, and related revenue is recognized at the point in time the Company installs the advertising copy at the display site. Americas outdoor contracts are generally billed monthly in advance, and International outdoor includes a combination of advance billings and billings upon completion of service. The Company also generates revenue through contractual commissions realized from the sale of national spot and online advertising on behalf of clients of its full-service media representation business, Katz Media, which is reported in the Company’s Other segment. Revenues from these contracts are recognized at the point in time when the advertisements are broadcast. Because the Company is a representative of its media clients and does not control the advertising inventory before it is transferred to the advertiser, the Company recognizes revenue at the net amount of contractual commissions retained for its representation services. The Company’s media representation contracts typically have terms up to ten years in duration and are generally billed monthly upon satisfaction of the performance obligations. The Company recognizes revenue in amounts that reflect the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or services to customers, excluding sales taxes and other similar taxes collected on behalf of governmental authorities (the "transaction price”). When this consideration includes a variable amount, the Company estimates the amount of consideration it expects to receive and only recognizes revenue to the extent that it is probable it will not be reversed in a future reporting period. Because the transfer of promised goods and services to the customer is generally within a year of scheduled payment from the customer, the Company is not typically required to consider the effects of the time value of money when determining the transaction price. Advertising revenue is reported net of agency commissions. Trade and barter transactions represent the exchange of advertising spots or display space for merchandise, services or other assets in the ordinary course of business. The transaction price for these contracts is measured at the estimated fair value of the non-cash consideration received unless this is not reasonably estimable, in which case the consideration is measured based on the standalone selling price of the advertising spots or display space promised to the customer. Revenue is recognized on trade and barter transactions when the advertisements are broadcasted or displayed, and expenses are recorded ratably over a period that estimates when the merchandise, services or other assets received are utilized, or when the event occurs. Trade and barter revenues and expenses from continuing operations are included in consolidated revenue and selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively. Trade and barter revenues and expenses from continuing operations were as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Consolidated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and barter revenues | $ | 55,475 |  |  | $ | 49,886 |  |  | $ | 153,185 |  |  | $ | 162,330 |
Trade and barter expenses | 42,985 |  |  | 34,672 |  |  | 145,656 |  |  | 126,502 |
iHM Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and barter revenues | $ | 51,831 |  |  | $ | 45,884 |  |  | $ | 141,769 |  |  | $ | 149,164 |
Trade and barter expenses | 40,607 |  |  | 31,859 |  |  | 136,827 |  |  | 118,215 |
In order to appropriately identify the unit of accounting for revenue recognition, the Company determines which promised goods and services in a contract with a customer are distinct and are therefore separate performance obligations. If a promised good or service does not meet the criteria to be considered distinct, it is combined with other promised goods or services until a distinct bundle of goods or services exists. Certain of the Company’s contracts with customers include options for the customer to acquire additional goods or services for free or at a discount, and management judgment is required to determine whether these options are material rights that are separate performance obligations. For revenue arrangements that contain multiple distinct goods or services, the Company allocates the transaction price to these performance obligations in proportion to their relative standalone selling prices. The Company has concluded that the contractual prices for the promised goods and services in its standard contracts generally approximate management’s best estimate of standalone selling price as the rates reflect various factors such as the size and characteristics of the target audience, market location and size, and recent market selling prices. However, where the Company provides customers with free or discounted services as part of contract negotiations, management uses judgment to determine how much of the transaction price to allocate to these performance obligations. Contract Costs Incremental costs of obtaining a contract primarily relate to sales commissions, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and are generally commensurate with sales. These costs are generally expensed when incurred because the period of benefit is one year or less. Restricted Cash In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires that restricted cash be presented with cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. Restricted cash is recorded in Other current assets and in Other assets in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company adopted ASU 2016-18 in the first quarter of 2018 using the retrospective transition method, and accordingly, revised prior period amounts as shown in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total of the amounts reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
(In thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 311,162 |  |  | $ | 267,109 |
Restricted cash included in: |  |  |
Other current assets | 7,653 |  |  | 26,096 |
Other assets | 19,282 |  |  | 18,095 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Statement of Cash Flows | $ | 338,097 |  |  | $ | 311,300 |
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the Debtors' Balance Sheet to the total of the amounts reported in the Debtors' Statement of Cash Flows:
(In thousands) | September 30, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 76,154 |
Restricted cash included in: |
Other current assets | 3,422 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Statement of Cash Flows | $ | 79,576 |
Stock Compensation During the second quarter of 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718). This update mandates that entities will apply the modification accounting guidance if the value, vesting conditions or classification of a stock-based award changes. Entities will have to make all of the disclosures about modifications that are required today, in addition to disclosing that compensation expense hasn't changed. Additionally, the new guidance also clarifies that a modification to an award could be significant and therefore require disclosure, even if the modification accounting is not required. The guidance is being applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date and is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-09 on January 1, 2018 and the adoption of ASU 2017-09 did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted During the first quarter of 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new leasing standard presents significant changes to the balance sheets of lessees. The most significant change to the standard includes the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases. Lessor accounting also is updated to align with certain changes in the lessee model and the new revenue recognition standard which was adopted this year. The standard is effective for annual periods, and for interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. The standard is expected to have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheet, but is not expected to materially impact our consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) or cash flows. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impact of the provisions of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements. In July 2018, The FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) - Targeted Improvements. The update provides an additional (optional) transition method to adopt the new lease standard, allowing entities to apply the new lease standard at the adoption date. The Company plans to adopt Topic 842 following this optional transition method. The update also provides lessors a practical expedient to allow them to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component and instead to account for those components as a single component if certain criteria are met. The updated practical expedient for lessors will not have a material effect to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. During the first quarter of 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350). This update eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value. The standard is effective for annual and any interim impairment tests performed for periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements. During the third quarter of 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract. This update requires that a customer in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract follow the internal use software guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 350-402 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as assets. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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