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PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
Property, Plant and Equipment
The Company’s property, plant and equipment consisted of the following classes of assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively:
(In thousands)June 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
Land, buildings and improvements$352,112 $340,692 
Towers, transmitters and studio equipment226,491 215,655 
Computer equipment and software641,133 617,794 
Furniture and other equipment42,350 41,924 
Construction in progress27,277 29,091 
1,289,363 1,245,156 
Less: accumulated depreciation639,676 550,314 
Property, plant and equipment, net$649,687 $694,842 

Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

The Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") broadcast licenses in its Multiplatform Group segment.

The Company performs its annual impairment test on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, including FCC licenses, as of July 1 of each year. In addition, the Company tests for impairment of other intangible assets whenever events and circumstances indicate that such assets might be impaired.

As discussed in Note 1, Basis of Presentation, economic uncertainty due to inflation and higher interest rates since 2022 has resulted in, among other things, lower advertising spending by businesses. This economic uncertainty has had an adverse impact on the Company's revenues and cash flows. In addition, the economic uncertainty has had a significant impact on the trading values of the Company's debt and equity securities for a sustained period. As a result, the Company performed an impairment test as of June 30, 2023 on its goodwill balances. In connection with its goodwill impairment testing, the Company also performed an interim impairment test on its indefinite-lived FCC licenses.

The uncertainty surrounding the demand for advertising impacted the key industry assumptions used in the models that are utilized to value the Company's FCC licenses. As a result, the fair values of certain of the Company's FCC licenses have decreased.
The Company's FCC licenses are valued using a direct valuation approach, with the key assumptions being market revenue growth rates, profit margin, and the risk-adjusted discount rate as well as other assumptions including market share, duration and profile of the build-up period, estimated start-up costs, and capital expenditures. This data is populated using industry normalized information representing an average asset within a market. The Company obtained the most recent broadcast radio industry revenue projections for use in the valuation model, as well as various other sources to analyze media and broadcast industry market forecasts and other data in developing the assumptions used for purposes of performing impairment testing on the Company's FCC licenses as of June 30, 2023.

Considerations in developing these assumptions included the expected impact on advertising revenues given the current market uncertainty, ranges of expected timing of recovery, discount rates and other factors. Based on the Company's interim testing, the estimated fair values of its FCC licenses were below their carrying values. As a result, the Company recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $363.6 million on its FCC licenses.

Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets consists of definite-lived intangible assets, which primarily include customer and advertiser relationships, talent and representation contracts, trademarks and tradenames and other contractual rights, all of which are amortized over the shorter of either the respective lives of the agreements or over the period of time that the assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the Company’s future cash flows. The Company periodically reviews the appropriateness of the amortization periods related to its definite-lived intangible assets. These assets are recorded at amortized cost.
The Company tests for possible impairment of other intangible assets whenever events and circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. When specific assets are determined to be unrecoverable, the cost basis of the asset is reduced to reflect the current fair market value.
In connection with its impairment testing, the Company also assessed its other intangible assets. Based on the Company’s assessment, no impairment indicators were identified related to the definite-lived intangible assets.
The following table presents the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for each major class of other intangible assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively:
(In thousands)June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationGross Carrying AmountAccumulated Amortization
Customer / advertiser relationships$1,652,455 $(716,983)$1,652,455 $(633,352)
Talent and other contracts338,900 (182,043)338,900 (160,500)
Trademarks and tradenames335,862 (139,479)335,862 (122,403)
Other18,443 (11,056)18,443 (9,735)
Total$2,345,660 $(1,049,561)$2,345,660 $(925,990)

Total amortization expense related to definite-lived intangible assets for the Company for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $61.8 million and $63.4 million, respectively. Total amortization expense related to definite-lived intangible assets for the Company for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $123.6 million and $126.5 million, respectively.
As acquisitions and dispositions occur in the future, amortization expense may vary. The following table presents the Company’s estimate of amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years for definite-lived intangible assets:
(In thousands)
2024$244,707 
2025213,514 
2026201,512 
2027176,171 
2028160,395 

Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill:
(In thousands)Multiplatform GroupDigital Audio GroupAudio & Media Services GroupConsolidated
Balance as of January 1, 2023(1)
$1,462,022 $747,350 $104,031 $2,313,403 
Impairment$(121,563)$(439,383)$(34,515)(595,461)
Acquisitions— 3,375 — 3,375 
Foreign currency— 43 50 93 
Balance as of June 30, 2023
$1,340,459 $311,385 $69,566 $1,721,410 
(1) Beginning goodwill balance is presented net of prior accumulated impairment losses of $1.2 billion related to the Multiplatform Group segment. Refer to the table above for impairments recorded in 2023.
Goodwill Impairment
At least annually, the Company performs its impairment test for each reporting unit’s goodwill. The Company also tests goodwill at interim dates if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired.

As discussed above, economic uncertainty has had a significant impact on the Company's revenue and cash flows, as well as the trading values of the Company's debt and equity securities for a sustained period. As a result, the Company performed an impairment test as of June 30, 2023 on its goodwill. The uncertainty surrounding the demand for advertising impacted the key assumptions used in the models which are utilized to value the Company's goodwill.

The goodwill impairment test requires measurement of the fair value of the Company's reporting units, which is compared to the carrying value of the reporting units, including goodwill. Each of the Company's reporting units is valued using a discounted cash flow model which requires estimating future cash flows expected to be generated from the reporting unit, discounted to their present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate. Terminal values were also estimated and discounted to their present value. Assessing the recoverability of goodwill requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions about sales, operating margins, growth rates and discount rates based on the Company's budgets, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and marketplace data. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and in management’s judgment in applying these factors. The economic environment resulting from inflation, higher interest rates, and the related uncertainty in the markets impacted the trading values of the Company's debt and equity securities and certain assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the Company's reporting units for purposes of performing the interim goodwill impairment test. Based on the Company's valuation analysis, it determined that the estimated fair values of three of its reporting units were below their carrying value, including goodwill, which required the Company to recognize a non-cash impairment charge of $595.5 million to reduce its goodwill balance.

While the Company believes it has made reasonable estimates and utilized reasonable assumptions to calculate the fair values of its other intangible assets, indefinite-lived FCC licenses and reporting units, it is possible a material change could occur to the estimated fair value of these assets as a result of the uncertainty regarding the magnitude of the impact of current market
conditions, as well as the timing of any recovery. If the Company's actual results are not consistent with its estimates, the Company could be exposed to future impairment losses that could be material to its results of operations.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
Property, Plant and Equipment
The Company’s property, plant and equipment consisted of the following classes of assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively:
(In thousands)June 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
Land, buildings and improvements$352,112 $340,692 
Towers, transmitters and studio equipment226,491 215,655 
Computer equipment and software641,133 617,794 
Furniture and other equipment42,350 41,924 
Construction in progress27,277 29,091 
1,289,363 1,245,156 
Less: accumulated depreciation639,676 550,314 
Property, plant and equipment, net$649,687 $694,842 

Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

The Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") broadcast licenses in its Multiplatform Group segment.

The Company performs its annual impairment test on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, including FCC licenses, as of July 1 of each year. In addition, the Company tests for impairment of other intangible assets whenever events and circumstances indicate that such assets might be impaired.

As discussed in Note 1, Basis of Presentation, economic uncertainty due to inflation and higher interest rates since 2022 has resulted in, among other things, lower advertising spending by businesses. This economic uncertainty has had an adverse impact on the Company's revenues and cash flows. In addition, the economic uncertainty has had a significant impact on the trading values of the Company's debt and equity securities for a sustained period. As a result, the Company performed an impairment test as of June 30, 2023 on its goodwill balances. In connection with its goodwill impairment testing, the Company also performed an interim impairment test on its indefinite-lived FCC licenses.

The uncertainty surrounding the demand for advertising impacted the key industry assumptions used in the models that are utilized to value the Company's FCC licenses. As a result, the fair values of certain of the Company's FCC licenses have decreased.
The Company's FCC licenses are valued using a direct valuation approach, with the key assumptions being market revenue growth rates, profit margin, and the risk-adjusted discount rate as well as other assumptions including market share, duration and profile of the build-up period, estimated start-up costs, and capital expenditures. This data is populated using industry normalized information representing an average asset within a market. The Company obtained the most recent broadcast radio industry revenue projections for use in the valuation model, as well as various other sources to analyze media and broadcast industry market forecasts and other data in developing the assumptions used for purposes of performing impairment testing on the Company's FCC licenses as of June 30, 2023.

Considerations in developing these assumptions included the expected impact on advertising revenues given the current market uncertainty, ranges of expected timing of recovery, discount rates and other factors. Based on the Company's interim testing, the estimated fair values of its FCC licenses were below their carrying values. As a result, the Company recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $363.6 million on its FCC licenses.

Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets consists of definite-lived intangible assets, which primarily include customer and advertiser relationships, talent and representation contracts, trademarks and tradenames and other contractual rights, all of which are amortized over the shorter of either the respective lives of the agreements or over the period of time that the assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the Company’s future cash flows. The Company periodically reviews the appropriateness of the amortization periods related to its definite-lived intangible assets. These assets are recorded at amortized cost.
The Company tests for possible impairment of other intangible assets whenever events and circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. When specific assets are determined to be unrecoverable, the cost basis of the asset is reduced to reflect the current fair market value.
In connection with its impairment testing, the Company also assessed its other intangible assets. Based on the Company’s assessment, no impairment indicators were identified related to the definite-lived intangible assets.
The following table presents the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for each major class of other intangible assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively:
(In thousands)June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationGross Carrying AmountAccumulated Amortization
Customer / advertiser relationships$1,652,455 $(716,983)$1,652,455 $(633,352)
Talent and other contracts338,900 (182,043)338,900 (160,500)
Trademarks and tradenames335,862 (139,479)335,862 (122,403)
Other18,443 (11,056)18,443 (9,735)
Total$2,345,660 $(1,049,561)$2,345,660 $(925,990)

Total amortization expense related to definite-lived intangible assets for the Company for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $61.8 million and $63.4 million, respectively. Total amortization expense related to definite-lived intangible assets for the Company for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $123.6 million and $126.5 million, respectively.
As acquisitions and dispositions occur in the future, amortization expense may vary. The following table presents the Company’s estimate of amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years for definite-lived intangible assets:
(In thousands)
2024$244,707 
2025213,514 
2026201,512 
2027176,171 
2028160,395 

Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill:
(In thousands)Multiplatform GroupDigital Audio GroupAudio & Media Services GroupConsolidated
Balance as of January 1, 2023(1)
$1,462,022 $747,350 $104,031 $2,313,403 
Impairment$(121,563)$(439,383)$(34,515)(595,461)
Acquisitions— 3,375 — 3,375 
Foreign currency— 43 50 93 
Balance as of June 30, 2023
$1,340,459 $311,385 $69,566 $1,721,410 
(1) Beginning goodwill balance is presented net of prior accumulated impairment losses of $1.2 billion related to the Multiplatform Group segment. Refer to the table above for impairments recorded in 2023.
Goodwill Impairment
At least annually, the Company performs its impairment test for each reporting unit’s goodwill. The Company also tests goodwill at interim dates if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired.

As discussed above, economic uncertainty has had a significant impact on the Company's revenue and cash flows, as well as the trading values of the Company's debt and equity securities for a sustained period. As a result, the Company performed an impairment test as of June 30, 2023 on its goodwill. The uncertainty surrounding the demand for advertising impacted the key assumptions used in the models which are utilized to value the Company's goodwill.

The goodwill impairment test requires measurement of the fair value of the Company's reporting units, which is compared to the carrying value of the reporting units, including goodwill. Each of the Company's reporting units is valued using a discounted cash flow model which requires estimating future cash flows expected to be generated from the reporting unit, discounted to their present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate. Terminal values were also estimated and discounted to their present value. Assessing the recoverability of goodwill requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions about sales, operating margins, growth rates and discount rates based on the Company's budgets, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and marketplace data. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and in management’s judgment in applying these factors. The economic environment resulting from inflation, higher interest rates, and the related uncertainty in the markets impacted the trading values of the Company's debt and equity securities and certain assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the Company's reporting units for purposes of performing the interim goodwill impairment test. Based on the Company's valuation analysis, it determined that the estimated fair values of three of its reporting units were below their carrying value, including goodwill, which required the Company to recognize a non-cash impairment charge of $595.5 million to reduce its goodwill balance.

While the Company believes it has made reasonable estimates and utilized reasonable assumptions to calculate the fair values of its other intangible assets, indefinite-lived FCC licenses and reporting units, it is possible a material change could occur to the estimated fair value of these assets as a result of the uncertainty regarding the magnitude of the impact of current market
conditions, as well as the timing of any recovery. If the Company's actual results are not consistent with its estimates, the Company could be exposed to future impairment losses that could be material to its results of operations.