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Net Income (Loss) Per Share
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Net Income (Loss) Per Share (20) Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to 3D Systems' common stock shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted net income (loss) per share incorporates the additional shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units, and the assumed conversion of debt, except in such case when (1) the inclusion of such shares or potential shares would be anti-dilutive or (2) when the vesting of restricted stock or restricted stock units is contingent upon one or more performance conditions that have not been met as of the balance sheet date.

Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)202320222021
Numerator for basic and diluted net (loss) income per share:
Net (loss) income attributable to 3D Systems Corporation$(362,688)$(122,711)$322,052 
Redeemable non-controlling interest redemption value in excess of carrying value(479)(596)— 
Net (loss) income attributable to common stock shareholders$(363,167)$(123,307)$322,052 
Denominator for net (loss) income per share:
Weighted average shares – basic129,944 127,818 122,867 
Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock based compensation and other plans(1)
— — 3,467 
Weighted average shares – diluted129,944 127,818 126,334 
Net (loss) income per share – basic
$(2.79)$(0.96)$2.62 
Net (loss) income per share – diluted
$(2.79)$(0.96)$2.55 
(1) Equity awards for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are deemed anti-dilutive because we reported a net loss for these periods. The dilutive impact of equity awards for December 31, 2021 is 2,755 shares, for which the calculation requires certain assumptions regarding assumed proceeds that would hypothetically repurchase common shares upon the conversion and exercise of restricted shares and outstanding stock options, respectively, and an estimate of 712 shares for the payment of accrued incentive compensation that was to be settled in shares. The share estimate is based on the accrued incentive compensation balance at the end of 2021 divided by the 2021 average share price.

The following table presents the potentially dilutive shares that were excluded from the computation of diluted income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect was considered anti-dilutive for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202320222021
Restricted stock and restricted stock units6,182 5,015 1,779 
Stock options420 420 — 
Total6,602 5,435 1,779 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the table above excludes an estimate of 138 shares that are contingently issuable under the dp polar earnout agreement, as discussed in Note 3. As of December 31, 2023, there are no contingently issuable shares related to the Volumetric earnout arrangement discussed in Note 3 or the fiscal year 2023 annual bonus incentive compensation plan.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the table above excludes the following: (1) an estimate of 718 shares contingently issuable upon the achievement of certain milestones in the Volumetric earnout arrangement discussed in Note 3; (2) an estimate of 341 shares for the payment of accrued incentive compensation that was settled in shares during the second quarter of 2023; and (3) an estimate of 22 shares related to the dp polar earnout arrangement discussed in Note 3 that are contingently issuable. These share estimates are based on the expense recognized through December 31, 2022 divided by the 2022 average share price of $12 per share.
On November 16, 2021, the Company issued $460.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 0% Convertible Senior Notes due November 15, 2026, as discussed in Note 13. The Notes’ impact to diluted shares is calculated using the if-converted method as prescribed in ASU 2020-06. The Notes will increase the diluted share count when the average share price over a quarterly or annual reporting period is greater than $35.92 per share, the conversion price of the Notes. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Notes were anti-dilutive on a stand-alone basis because (1) the average share price during these periods did not exceed the conversion price, and (2) we had a net loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.