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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect (1) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet dates and (2) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We base our estimates on historical experience, currently available information and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Revenue Recognition We account for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," ("ASC 606"). Collaborative arrangement contracts, for which the collaboration partner meets the definition of a customer, are recorded in accordance with ASC 606; otherwise, the collaborative arrangements are recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 808, "Collaborative Arrangements." See Note 4 for further discussion. Revenue recognition for arrangements within the scope of ASC 606 includes the following five steps: (i) identifying the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determining the transaction price; (iv) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognizing revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers and in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and, accordingly, are accounted for as separate performance obligations. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based upon its relative stand-alone selling price ("SSP"). Revenue is recognized net of allowances for returns and any taxes collected from customers that are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. A majority of our revenue is recognized at the point in time when products are shipped to or services are performed for customers. However, the Company also enters into service contracts and collaboration agreements with customers, for which the Company is typically required to recognize revenue over time. Hardware and Materials Revenue from hardware and material sales is recognized when control has been transferred to the customer, which generally occurs when the goods have been shipped or delivered to the customer, risk of loss has transferred to the customer, and the Company has a present right to payment. In limited circumstances, when printer or other hardware sales include substantive customer acceptance provisions, revenue is recognized either when customer acceptance has been obtained, customer acceptance provisions have lapsed, or the Company has objective evidence that the criteria specified in the customer acceptance provisions have been satisfied. Printers and certain other products include an assurance warranty for periods up to one year to ensure the product works as expected. These assurance warranties are not a separate performance obligation. For these initial product warranties, estimated costs are accrued at the time of the sale of the product. These cost estimates are established using historical information regarding the nature, frequency and average cost of claims for each type of printer or other product, as well as assumptions about future activity and events. Revisions to expense accruals are made as necessary based on changes in these historical and future factors. Software The Company also markets and sells software tools that enable our customers to capture and customize content using our printers, design optimization and simulation software, and reverse engineering and inspection software. Our software does not require significant modification or customization, and the license provides the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available. Revenue from these software licenses is recognized either upon delivery of the product or of a key code which allows the customer to download the software. Customers may purchase post-sale support. Generally, the first year of support is included, but subsequent years are optional. Post-sale support, including the first year of support and the optional, subsequent years, are considered a separate obligation from the software and revenue is deferred at the time of sale and subsequently recognized ratably over future periods. Services The Company offers training, installation and non-contract maintenance services for our products. Additionally, the Company offers maintenance contracts customers can purchase at their option. For maintenance contracts, revenue is deferred at the time of sale based on the stand-alone selling prices of these services. Deferred revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance period on a straight-line basis and costs are expensed as incurred. Revenue from training, installation and non-contract maintenance services is recognized at the time of performance of the service. The Company also sells software as a service, whereby the customer has the right to access the software. Revenue is recognized ratably over the related subscription period, as our performance obligation to provide access to the software is progressively fulfilled over the stated term of the contract. Healthcare Solutions service sales are included within services revenue, and revenue is recognized upon shipment or delivery of the parts or performance of the service, based on the terms of the arrangement. Collaboration Agreements The nature of the activities to be performed and the consideration exchanged under collaboration arrangements varies on a contract-by-contract basis. We evaluate collaboration arrangements to determine whether they meet the definition of a customer relationship for which revenue should be recorded and recognized. These contracts may contain multiple performance obligations and may contain fees for licensing, research and development services, contingent milestone payments upon the achievement of contractual developmental criteria and/or royalty fees based on the licensees’ product revenue. We determine the revenue to be recognized under these arrangements based upon an evaluation of the distinct performance obligations; the identification and evaluation of material rights; the estimation of the amount of variable consideration to be included in transaction price, as well as the timing for inclusion of such variable consideration; and the amount of transaction price assigned to and the pattern of transfer of control for each distinct performance obligation. This typically results in the recognition of revenue over time using a cost-to-cost percentage of completion model to measure the progress of the transfer of control. We review and update our estimate of variable consideration on a regular basis. Any adjustments to estimated revenue are recognized under the cumulative catch-up method. Currently, all of our collaboration arrangement revenue and related costs relate to R&D being performed under a single regenerative medicine contract. Terms of Sale Shipping and handling activities are treated as fulfillment costs rather than as an additional promised service. The Company accrues the costs of shipping and handling when the related revenue is recognized. The Company’s incurred costs associated with shipping and handling are included in product cost of sales. Creditworthiness is determined, and credit is extended, based upon an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition. New customers are generally required to complete a credit application and provide references and bank information to facilitate an analysis of creditworthiness. The Company’s terms of sale generally provide payment terms that are customary in the countries where the Company transacts business. To reduce credit risk in connection with certain sales, the Company may, depending upon the circumstances, require significant deposits or payment in full prior to shipment. For maintenance services, the Company either bills customers on a time-and-materials basis or sell maintenance contracts that provide for payment in advance on either an annual or other periodic basis. Significant Judgments Allocation of Transaction Price The Company’s contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative SSP. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation in a contract. The Company estimates SSP using historical transaction data of observable prices. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP when the Company sells each of the products and services separately and needs to determine whether there is a discount to be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and services. In other instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when the product or service is not sold separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions, expected cost plus margin, and other observable inputs. In some circumstances, the Company has more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customers, geographic region or other factors. In these instances, the Company may use information such as the size of the customer and geographic region in determining the SSP. Variable Consideration The Company must assess if and when it is appropriate to include variable consideration when determining transaction price. This assessment, which impacts the timing and the amount of revenue recognized under contracts accounted for in accordance with ASC 606, requires management to conclude that it is probable that a significant reversal of the amount of cumulative revenue recognized with respect to a contract will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The Company’s collaboration agreements include the Company’s most significant variable consideration and require judgment in the estimation of the amount of variable consideration to be included in the transaction price, as well as the timing for inclusion of such variable consideration. In addition, the nature of the Company’s sales may lead to consideration that is variable in the form of discounts based on volumes purchased, trade in allowances, rebates or other discounts; however, these have historically not been material. The Company estimates variable consideration based on the expected value approach, which requires judgment in the identification of possible outcomes and in assessing the probability of those outcomes, or the most likely amount approach, which requires judgment to identify the most likely amount in a range of amounts. After estimating the amount of variable consideration, the Company includes the estimated variable consideration in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. The Company assesses both the likelihood of a future reversal of revenue and how significant the reversal is relative to the total consideration. The Company’s estimates are based on historical experience, contract terms and other factors. Ongoing assessments are performed to determine if updates are needed to the original estimates. Contracts Recognized Over Time The Company recognizes the revenue attributable to certain contracts over time using a cost-to-cost percentage of completion model to measure progress of the transfer of control to the customer as services are performed, for which management believes the use of costs incurred reliably depicts the measurement of progress achieved by the Company in satisfying the performance obligation because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer as we incur costs on our contracts. The application of this accounting requires the Company to estimate total costs that will be required to satisfy the related performance obligations. These estimates could change over the term of a contract. Contract Balances The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in the recognition of billed accounts receivable and contract assets (including unbilled receivables) and customer deposits and deferred revenue (contract liabilities) on our consolidated balance sheets. Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. We record accounts receivable when we have an unconditional right to recognize revenue at the time of invoicing, and unbilled receivables when revenue is recognized prior to invoicing. For most of our contracts, customers are invoiced when products are shipped or when services are performed resulting in billed accounts receivables for the remainder of the owed contract price. Unbilled receivables generally result from circumstances in which items have been shipped, revenue has been recognized, but the customer has not been charged. We also recognize a contract asset upon the recognition of revenue related to certain performance milestones that are deemed probable of achievement, but for which billing has not occurred and receipt of payment is conditioned upon factors other than the passage of time. Some contracts require the customer to remit a large payment at or near contract inception as a deposit prior to production, which is recorded as a customer deposit liability, however, revenue is not recorded until the performance obligation is satisfied. We also typically bill in advance for installation, training and maintenance contracts, as well as for extended warranties, resulting in deferred revenue. Practical Expedients and Exemptions We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would be one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses. Additionally, the Company has excluded performance obligations with an original expected duration of one year or less from our disclosure of remaining performance obligations. Held for Sale The Company classifies assets and liabilities to be sold ("disposal group") as held for sale in the period when all of the applicable criteria are met, including: (i) management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell, (ii) the disposal group is available to sell in its present condition, (iii) there is an active program to locate a buyer, (iv) the disposal group is being actively marketed at a reasonable price in relation to its fair value, (v) significant changes to the plan to sell are unlikely, and (vi) the sale of the disposal group is generally probable of being completed within one year. Management performs an assessment at least quarterly, or when events or changes in business circumstances indicate that a change in classification may be necessary. Assets and liabilities identified as held for sale are presented separately within the consolidated balance sheets, with adjustments made, if necessary, to measure the disposal group at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Gains on the sale of a disposal group are not recognized until the date of sale. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and amortization of intangible and right-of-use assets are not recorded while these assets are classified as held for sale. For each period that a disposal group remains classified as held for sale, its recoverability is reassessed and any necessary adjustments are made to its carrying value. Gains or losses recognized upon the sale of a disposal group that does not qualify as a discontinued operation are included in loss from operations in the consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when acquired. At times, cash and cash equivalents balances may be in excess of FDIC insurance limits. Variable Interest Entities Upon making an investment in an entity, we assess whether the entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). The determination of whether an entity in which we hold a direct or indirect variable interest is a VIE is based on several factors, including whether the entity’s total equity investment at risk at the time of our investment is sufficient to finance the entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support. We make judgments regarding the sufficiency of the equity at risk based first on a qualitative analysis, and then a quantitative analysis, if necessary. We analyze any investments in VIEs to determine whether we are the primary beneficiary. We perform this assessment at the time that we become involved with a VIE and continuously reassess whether circumstances indicate that there might be a change in our conclusion regarding whether we are the primary beneficiary. In evaluating whether we are the primary beneficiary, we consider both our direct and indirect economic interests in the entity. Determining which reporting entity, if any, is the primary beneficiary of a VIE is primarily a qualitative approach focused on identifying which reporting entity has both (1) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact such entity’s economic performance and (2) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from such entity that could potentially be significant to such entity. This analysis requires the exercise of judgment. We consider a variety of factors in identifying the entity that holds the power to direct matters that most significantly impact a VIE’s economic performance including, but not limited to, the ability to direct a VIE’s operating decisions and activities. In addition, we consider the rights of other investors to participate in those decisions. Investments and Note Receivable Investments in Equity Securities with a Readily Determinable Fair Value We recognize investments in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value at cost, minus impairment. In addition, we are required to remeasure the carrying value of an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value if we identify observable price changes that relate to orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment in the same issuer. The remeasurement of the carrying value of an investment due to an identified observable price change shall be based upon the investment's fair value as of the date that the observable transaction occurred. Remeasurements, whether the result of impairment or observable price changes attributable to orderly transactions, are recorded as an adjustment to our reported net income or net loss. We assess our investments in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value for potential impairment upon the occurrence of an event or a change in circumstances that would indicate the carrying amount of an investment may be impaired. On a quarterly basis, we first perform a qualitative assessment for potential impairment to determine whether measurement of the fair value of an investment to further assess for impairment is required. Impairments of equity securities without a readily determinable fair value are recorded to other income (loss), net in our consolidated statements of operations in the period in which they become impaired. Refer to Note 9 for additional details regarding the carrying value of the Company's investments in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value as of each balance sheet date. Equity Method of Accounting The Company accounts for its investments in the common stock of NAMI and Enhatch using the equity method of accounting because it does not have a controlling interest and is not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs; however, the Company has the ability to exert significant influence. The Company's investments in NAMI's common stock were initially recorded at cost; whereas, the Company's investment in Enhatch's common stock, which reflects the partial exercise of a warrant, was recorded at the fair value of the common stock that was received upon exercise of the warrant. Each of these investments is subsequently adjusted for the Company’s proportionate share of the net earnings or losses and the other comprehensive income or loss of the investee. Intra-entity profits or losses associated with each equity method investment are eliminated until realized by the investee or the Company in transactions with third parties. Income or loss from these equity method investments is recorded as a separate line item in the consolidated statements of operations on a three-month lag. We evaluate material events occurring during the three-month lag period to determine whether the effects of such events should be disclosed in our financial statements. The Company evaluates each investment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recoverable. Refer to Note 9 for additional details regarding the Company's investments accounted for in accordance with the equity method of accounting. Notes Receivable Refer to Note 9 for additional details regarding the carrying value of the Company’s outstanding note receivable balance as of each balance sheet date. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. In evaluating the collectability of accounts receivable, we assess a number of factors, including specific customers’ ability to meet their financial obligations to us, the length of time receivables are past due, historical collection experience, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Based on these assessments, we record and adjust reserves for accounts receivable balances due from specific customers, as well as establish an allowance for expected credit losses related to our accounts receivable as a whole. If circumstances related to specific customers change or economic conditions deteriorate such that our past collection experience is no longer relevant, our estimate of the recoverability of accounts receivable could be further reduced from the levels provided for in the consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no single customer represented more than 10% of our consolidated accounts receivable balance. The following presents the changes in the balance of our allowance for credit losses:
Year |  | Item |  | Balance at beginning of year |  | Additions charged to expense |  | Other (a) |  | Balance at end of year
2025 |  | Allowance for credit losses |  | $ | 2,433 |  |  | $ | 1,810 |  |  | $ | (635) |  |  | 3,608 |
2024 |  | Allowance for credit losses |  | 3,389 |  |  | 506 |  |  | (1,462) |  |  | 2,433 |
2023 |  | Allowance for credit losses |  | 3,114 |  |  | 595 |  |  | (320) |  |  | 3,389 |
(a)Other includes the impact of write-offs, recoveries and foreign currency translation adjustments. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost reflecting standard cost, which approximates the first-in, first-out method. Capitalized inventory costs include materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead that relate to the acquisition of raw materials and production into finished goods. The Company regularly reviews inventory for excess and obsolescence and records a provision to write down inventory to its net realizable value when carrying value is in excess of such value. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the determination of net income or loss. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation expense has been computed principally by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets which are generally as follows:
Category |  | Useful Life (in years)
Machinery and equipment |  | 2-5
Capitalized software |  | 3-5
Office furniture and equipment |  | 1-5
Leasehold improvements |  | Life of lease a
Construction in progress |  | N/A
a. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of (i) their estimated useful life or (ii) the estimated or contractual life of the related lease. Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill) Intangible assets include patents, trade names, customer relationships, acquired technology, and in process research and development ("IPR&D"). Intangible assets with a finite life are (1) amortized on a straight-line basis, with estimated useful lives typically ranging from 2 to 20 years, and (2) assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable, consistent with the Company's accounting policy for other long-lived assets with a finite life. Amortization expense is generally recognized within selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations. Acquired IPR&D represents the fair value assigned to those research and development ("R&D") projects that were acquired in a business combination for which the related products have not received regulatory approval or commercial viability and have no alternative future use. If the project is not completed or is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have to recognize an impairment related to the IPR&D, which is charged to expense. Refer to Note 7 for further discussion of intangible asset impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Goodwill Goodwill is the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the amounts assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually on November 1st, and is tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is performed at the reporting unit level, with all goodwill assigned to a reporting unit. The testing of goodwill for impairment requires the Company to make several estimates related to projected future cash flows to determine the fair value of the reporting units to which goodwill has been assigned. The Company determines whether each reporting unit's fair value exceeds its carrying amount, including goodwill, based upon projections of future revenues, expenses, and cash flows discounted to their present value, as well as the application of a market approach. Internal operational budgets and long-range strategic plans are used as a basis for the cash flow analysis. The Company also utilizes assumptions related to working capital, capital expenditures, and terminal growth rates. The discount rate applied to the cash flow analysis is based on the weighted average cost of capital ("WACC") for each reporting unit. These valuation approaches require the application of Level 3 valuation inputs (as defined in Note 23). An impairment is recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. Refer to Note 8 for further discussions regarding goodwill impairment tests and charges for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. Long Lived Assets Impairment We review long-lived assets, including property and equipment, right of use assets and intangible assets, ("asset groups") that are held and used for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable. The carrying value of an asset group that is held and used is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows that are expected to result from the asset group's use and eventual disposition. If we determine that an asset group's carrying value is not recoverable, we must then compare the asset group's carrying value to its estimated fair value and record any excess carrying value over fair value as an impairment loss. Any impairment loss that is recognized is required to be allocated to the long-lived assets of an asset group on a pro rata basis, using the relative carrying amounts of the long-lived assets comprising the asset group, except that the loss allocated to an individual long-lived asset shall not reduce its carrying amount below its fair value whenever that fair value is determinable without undue cost and effort. Refer to Notes 6, 7, and 10 for further discussions regarding long-lived asset impairments for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023. Common Stock The holders of the common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held at all meetings of stockholders (and for written actions in lieu of meetings). We do not currently pay, and have not paid, any dividends on our common stock, and we currently intend to retain any future earnings for use in our business. Any future determination as to the declaration of dividends on our common stock will be made at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on our earnings, operating and financial condition, capital requirements, and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors, including the applicable requirements of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which provides that dividends are payable only out of surplus or current net profits. The payment of dividends on our common stock may be restricted by the provisions of credit agreements or other financing documents that we may enter into or the terms of securities that we may issue from time to time. Under the 2030 Notes indenture agreement, the Company may not declare and pay a cash dividend. Contingencies We follow the provisions of ASC 450, "Contingencies," which requires that an estimated loss from a loss contingency be accrued by a charge to income if (1) it is probable that an asset has been impaired or that a liability has been incurred and (2) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs related to the defense or settlement of a loss contingency are expensed when such costs are incurred and, accordingly, future legal costs expected to be incurred are not accrued as part of the liability recorded when a loss contingency has been deemed probable and estimable. Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions The local currency in which a subsidiary operates is generally considered its functional currency for those subsidiaries domiciled outside the United States ("foreign subsidiaries"). The functional currency financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars ("USD") in connection with the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated to USD at month-end exchange rates applicable to the reporting period. Income and expense items are translated to USD monthly using monthly average exchange rates. The effects of translating a foreign subsidiary's financial statements are recorded as currency translation adjustments and reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity. Foreign currency transactions are those transactions whose terms are denominated in a currency other than an entity's functional currency. Foreign currency transactions that remain unsettled as of the end of a reporting period must be remeasured into the entity's functional currency, resulting in the recognition of a gain or loss when a change in exchange rate has occurred subsequent to the date on which the transaction was originally recognized or was most recently remeasured. The Company recognizes foreign currency transaction gains and losses within foreign exchange gain (loss), net on its consolidated statements of operations. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs relate to the development of new products and services and consist primarily of employee compensation, operating supplies, facility costs and depreciation. These costs are expensed as incurred. Earnings Per Share and Net Loss Per Share Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is calculated based upon the inclusion of additional dilutive and potentially dilutive shares, which include shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, upon vesting of employee restricted stock-based awards, upon the accrual of incentive compensation to be paid in shares (if any performance-based conditions have been satisfied as of the end of the reporting period), and to settle the portion of the convertible notes that may be settled in shares (where the conversion of such instruments would be dilutive). Refer to Note 17. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and recorded in selling, general and administrative expense. Advertising costs, including trade shows, were $4.0 million, $5.1 million and $7.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Pension Costs We sponsor a retirement benefit for one of our non-U.S. subsidiaries in the form of a defined benefit pension plan. Accounting standards require the cost of providing this pension benefit be measured on an actuarial basis. Actuarial gains and losses resulting from both normal year-to-year changes in valuation assumptions and differences between assumptions and actual experience are deferred and amortized. The application of these accounting standards require us to make assumptions and judgments that can significantly affect these measurements. Our critical assumptions in performing these actuarial valuations include the selection of the discount rate to determine the present value of the pension obligations, which affects the amount of pension expense recorded in any given period. Changes in the discount rate could have a material effect on our reported pension obligations and related pension expense. Refer to Note 13. Equity Compensation Plans We recognize compensation expense for our stock-based compensation programs, which provide for the issuance of stock options, restricted stock, and restricted stock units ("RSU") that can have service-based conditions and market-based conditions. The fair value of service-based awards is estimated at the grant date and recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service period of the award. The fair value of awards with market conditions ("market-based awards") is determined using a Monte Carlo valuation model and is expensed over an implicit or explicit service period regardless of whether the market condition is probable of achievement or not. Market-based awards that cliff vest are expensed ratably using the straight-line method; whereas, market-based awards with graded vesting features are expensed using the graded vesting method. Stock compensation expense is not reversed if the market condition is not met. For all share-based payment awards, we recognize forfeitures when they occur. Income Taxes We and the majority of our domestic subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. Our non-U.S. subsidiaries file income tax returns in their respective jurisdictions. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and for tax benefit carryforwards. Our deferred income tax assets and liabilities at the end of each period are determined using enacted tax rates. We establish a valuation allowance for those jurisdictions in which the expiration date of tax benefit carryforwards or projected taxable earnings leads us to conclude that it is "more likely than not" that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. This evaluation process includes the consideration of all available evidence regarding historical results and future projections, including the estimated timing of reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and potential tax planning strategies. Once a valuation allowance is established, it is maintained until a change in factual circumstances gives rise to sufficient income of the appropriate character and timing that will allow a partial or full utilization of the deferred tax asset. In accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes," the impact of an uncertain tax position on our income tax returns is recognized at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be required to be recognized upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. We include interest and penalties accrued in the consolidated financial statements as a component of income tax expense. For the year ended December 31, 2024, interest and penalties reported in income tax expense totaled $1.0 million. These amounts were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion. Operating and Finance Leases We determine if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. We record both operating leases and finance leases on our balance sheet and do not separate non-lease components from our real estate leases. We exclude leases with a term of one year or less from our consolidated balance sheets. Some leases include the option to purchase the leased asset, terminate the lease or extend the lease for one or more years. These options are considered in the determination of the estimated lease term when it is reasonably certain that an option will be exercised. Our leases do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate; therefore, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of the future lease payments. Certain of our leases include variable costs. Variable costs include non-lease components that are incurred based upon actual terms, rather than contractually fixed amounts. In addition, variable costs are incurred for lease payments that are indexed to a change in rate or index. Because the right-of-use ("ROU") assets recorded on the balance sheet are determined based upon factors considered at the lease commencement date, subsequent changes in the rate or index that were not contemplated in the ROU asset balances at lease commencement result in variable expenses being recorded when these expenses are incurred during the lease term. Refer to Note 10. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software." The ASU revises the accounting and disclosure requirements for internally developed software, including moving website development guidance from ASC 350-50 to ASC 350-40, eliminating the use of development stages, and introducing new capitalization criteria based on (1) management’s authorization and funding commitment, and (2) the probability of project completion and intended functionality. It also includes guidance for assessing significant development uncertainty. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements. In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets." The ASU introduces a practical expedient that allows entities to assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date will remain unchanged over the remaining life of eligible accounts receivable and contract assets. Under this expedient, entities are not required to forecast future changes in conditions for these assets; however, they must continue to consider customer-specific information and any known or expected deviations from current conditions. This update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, "Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses." The amendments in this ASU require public entities to provide disaggregated disclosure of expenses included within relevant income statement expense captions, as well as additional disclosures about selling expenses. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation, as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We adopted this ASU prospectively for the year ended December 31, 2025, and we have included the required disclosures in Note 16. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-04, "Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments," related to induced conversions of convertible debt instruments. The amendments in this ASU clarify the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as induced conversions rather than as debt extinguishments. The Company early adopted this ASU as of April 1, 2025 and applied the guidance on a prospective basis. Adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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