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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes NOTE 9. INCOME TAXESWe are subject to income taxes in the United States and certain states in which we operate, and we use estimates in determining our provisions for income taxes. Significant management judgement is required in determining our provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities and valuation allowances recorded against net deferred tax assets in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These estimates and judgements occur in the calculation of tax credits, benefits, and deductions, and in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes, as well as the interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. Significant changes to these estimates may result in an increase or decrease to our tax provision in the current or subsequent period.We assess all material positions taken in any income tax return, including all significant uncertain positions, in all tax years that are still subject to assessment or challenge by relevant taxing authorities. Assessing an uncertain tax position begins with the initial determination of the position’s sustainability and is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of each balance sheet date, unresolved uncertain tax positions must be reassessed, and we will determine whether the factors underlying the sustainability assertion have changed and the amount of the recognized tax benefit is still appropriate.We account for Global Intangible Low-taxed Income as a period cost.During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 income (loss) before taxes from U.S. operations were ($275.4) million, $28.9 million and ($84.8) million, respectively, and income before taxes from foreign operations was $0.8 million, $0.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively. Income tax provision (benefit) related to continuing operations differ from the amounts computed by applying the statutory income tax rate of 21% to pretax income or loss as follows: Years ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 Statutory tax rate 21.0% 21.0% 21.0%State tax rate, net of federal benefit 5.5 (8.3) 4.9 Change in valuation allowance (4.9) 6.3 (27.5) Tax credits 2.5 (3.6) 2.2 Stock-based compensation 10.9 (15.2) (0.8) Merger Expenses (0.9) - - Other (0.1) (0.2) 0.2 Total 34.0% 0.0% (0.0)% Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of loss and credit carry forwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of our deferred tax assets for federal and state income taxes are as follows (in thousands): December 31,Deferred tax assets:2021 2020Net operating loss carryforwards$ 378,035 $ 233,225Research and development credits 60,672 49,179Accruals and reserves 10,822 6,337Stock-based compensation 12,838 9,717ASC 842 Operating lease liability 13,105 9,870Total deferred tax assets 475,472 308,328Less: Valuation allowance (366,940) (300,505)Total deferred tax assets: 108,532 7,823Intangibles (97,345) —Fixed assets (1,523) (786)ASC 842 Operating lease right-of-use assets (10,502) (7,037)Total deferred tax liabilities (109,370) (7,823)Net deferred tax assets $ (838) $ —At December 31, 2021, we maintained a full valuation allowance against all of our deferred tax assets which totaled $366.9 million, including net operating loss carryforwards and research and development credits of $378.0 million and $60.7 million, respectively.A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. We regularly assess the need for a valuation allowance against our deferred income tax assets by considering both positive and negative evidence related to whether it is more likely than not that our deferred income tax assets will be realized. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred income tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred income tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. A deferred income tax benefit of $93.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, is related to the release of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets due to the recognition of deferred tax liabilities in connection with the Omniome and Circulomics acquisitions. We maintain a valuation allowance on the net deferred tax assets of our U.S. entities as we have concluded that it is more likely than not that we will not realize our deferred tax assets. Accordingly, this benefit from income taxes is reflected on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the year ended December 31, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2021, our valuation allowance increased to $366.9 million, primarily because of an increase in our net operating losses, credits and acquisition of deferred tax assets that were fully offset by a valuation allowance. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our valuation allowance increased to $300.5 million, primarily because of an increase in our net operating losses and tax credits offset by a decrease to our stock-based compensation deferred tax asset. As of December 31, 2021, we had a net operating loss carryforward for federal income tax purposes of approximately $1,491.3 million, of which $774.9 million will begin to expire in 2024 if not utilized. We had a total state net operating loss carryforward of approximately $997.4 million, which are subject to annual expirations. Utilization of some of the federal and state net operating loss and credit carryforwards are subject to annual limitations due to the “change of ownership” provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and similar state provisions. The annual limitations may result in the expiration of net operating losses and credits before utilization. We have federal credits of approximately $39.1 million, which will begin to expire in 2024 if not utilized and state research credits of approximately $36.9 million which have no expiration date. These tax credits are subject to the same limitations discussed above. As of December 31, 2021, our total unrecognized tax benefit was $8.3 million. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending unrecognized tax benefit balance is as follows (in thousands): Balance as of December 31, 2018$ 20,447Decrease in balance related to tax positions taken in prior year —Increase in balance related to tax positions taken during current year 1,532Balance as of December 31, 2019$ 21,979Decrease in balance related to tax positions taken in prior year (17,255)Increase in balance related to tax positions taken during current year 1,230Balance as of December 31, 2020$ 5,954Increase in balance related to tax positions taken in prior year 189Increase in balance related to tax positions taken during current year 2,192Balance as of December 31, 2021$ 8,335Our practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of both December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had no accrued interest or penalties due to our net operating losses available to offset any tax adjustment. If total unrecognized tax benefits were realized in the future, it would not result in any tax benefit as we currently have a full valuation allowance. We file U.S. federal and various state income tax returns. For U.S. federal and state income tax purposes, the statute of limitations currently remains open for the years ending December 31, 2018 to present and December 31, 2017 to present, respectively. In addition, all of the net operating losses and research and development credit carryforwards that may be utilized in future years may be subject to examination. We are not currently under examination by income tax authorities in any jurisdiction.On December 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, which enhances and expands certain provisions of the CARES Act. This legislative act did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial results.On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (“American Rescue Plan”) was signed into law to provide additional relief in connection with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The American Rescue Plan includes, among other things, provisions relating to PPP loan expansion, defined pension contributions, excessive employee remuneration, and the repeal of the election to allocate interest expense on a worldwide basis. Under ASC 740, the effects of new legislation are recognized upon enactment. Accordingly, the American Rescue Plan is effective beginning in the quarter that includes March 11, 2021. These provisions did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.