<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-23-007513.txt : 20230127
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230127160529
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-23-007513
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		18
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20230124
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230127
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230127

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001299130
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	LABORATORY ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS [3826]
		IRS NUMBER:				161590339
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-34899
		FILM NUMBER:		23562734

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1305 O'BRIEN DRIVE
		CITY:			MENLO PARK
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94025
		BUSINESS PHONE:		650-521-8000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1305 O'BRIEN DRIVE
		CITY:			MENLO PARK
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94025

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES OF CALIFORNIA INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20050829

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	NANOFLUIDICS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20040729
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<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES </b></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION </b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, DC 20549 </b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT &#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of </b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 </b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported)
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(Registrant&#8217;s telephone number, including
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(Former name or former address, if changed
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended
to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2.
below):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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Symbol(s)</b></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt">If an emerging growth company, indicate
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accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-transform: uppercase"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>ITEM 1.01.</b></span> <span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>ENTRY INTO A MATERIAL DEFINITIVE AGREEMENT. </b></span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 24, 2023, Pacific Biosciences of
California, Inc. (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Company</span>&#8221;) entered into an underwriting agreement
(the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Underwriting Agreement</span>&#8221;) with Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC, Morgan
Stanley &amp; Co. LLC, and Cowen and Company, LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Underwriters</span>&#8221;),
pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell 17,500,000 shares (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Shares</span>&#8221;)
of the Company&#8217;s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Common
Stock</span>&#8221;). The Shares were sold at a price to the public of $10.00 per share. Under the terms of the Underwriting
Agreement, the Company also granted the Underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,625,000 shares of Common
Stock (collectively, the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Option Shares</span>&#8221;). The Underwriters notified the
Company of the exercise in full of their option to purchase the Option Shares from the Company on January 25, 2023. The offering,
including the sale of the Option Shares, closed on January 27, 2023. The net proceeds to the Company from the offering, after
deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, are expected to be approximately $189.2
million.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The shares of Common Stock were offered and
sold in the offering pursuant to the Company&#8217;s shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-249999) (the
 &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Registration Statement</span>&#8221;), that is automatically effective under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Securities Act</span>&#8221;) pursuant to
Rule 462(e) promulgated thereunder, as supplemented by a preliminary prospectus supplement, dated January 24, 2023, and a final
prospectus supplement, dated January 24, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">SEC</span>&#8221;)
pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Underwriting Agreement contains customary representations, warranties
and agreements by the Company. Under the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company has agreed to indemnify the Underwriters against
certain liabilities. <span style="background-color: white">&#160;In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, certain
officers and directors of the Company have entered into &#8220;lock-up&#8221; arrangements with the Underwriters, which generally prohibit
the sale, transfer or other disposition of securities of the Company for a 60-day period, subject to certain exceptions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Underwriting Agreement has been filed with this report to provide
information regarding its terms. It is not intended to provide any other factual information about the Company. The representations, warranties
and covenants contained in the Underwriting Agreement were made only for purposes of such agreement and as of specific dates, were solely
for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing is only a brief description of the material terms of
the Underwriting Agreement, does not purport to be a complete description of the rights and obligations of the parties thereunder, and
is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Underwriting Agreement that is filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K
and incorporated herein by reference.</p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>ITEM 8.01.</b></span> <span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>OTHER EVENTS. </b></span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 24, 2023, the Company issued a press release announcing
the pricing of the offering described above. A copy of the press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated
herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with such offering, the legal opinion
as to the legality of the Common Stock sold is being filed as Exhibit 5.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated
herein and into the Registration Statement by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Current Report on Form 8-K, including the exhibits hereto, shall
not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities of the Company, which is being made only by means
of a written prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act, nor shall there be any sale of the Company&#8217;s
securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification
under the securities laws of such jurisdiction.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>ITEM 9.01.</b></span> <span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS. </b></span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(d) Exhibits.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><a href="tm234462d1_ex99-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">99.1</span></a></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE </b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
<td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><b>Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc.</b></span></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style="width: 50%">&#160;</td>
<td style="width: 5%">&#160;</td>
<td style="width: 45%">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center; vertical-align: top">/s/ Michele Farmer &#160;</td></tr>
<tr>
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<td style="vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top">Michele Farmer <br />
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer &#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Date: January 27, 2023</p>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 1.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B><I>Execution Version</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES OF CALIFORNIA, INC.</B><BR>
17,500,000 Shares of Common Stock</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(par value $0.001 per share)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Underwriting Agreement</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in">January 24, 2023</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4in 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4in 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4in 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Cowen and Company, LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4in 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">As Representatives of the several
Underwriters listed in Schedule A hereto</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4in 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">c/o</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">200 West Street</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">New York, New York
10282</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">c/o</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC<BR>
1585 Broadway<BR>
New York, NY 10036</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">c/o</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Cowen and Company, LLC</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">599 Lexington Avenue</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">New York, NY 10022</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pacific Biosciences of California,
Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;), proposes to issue and sell to the several underwriters named in Schedule
A (the &ldquo;<B>Underwriters</B>&rdquo;) an aggregate of 17,500,000 shares of its common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;<B>Shares</B>&rdquo;).
The 17,500,000 Shares to be sold by the Company are called the &ldquo;<B>Firm Shares</B>.&rdquo; In addition, the Company has granted
to the Underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional 2,625,000 Shares. Such additional 2,625,000 Shares to be sold by the Company,
if any, pursuant to such option are collectively called the &ldquo;<B>Optional Shares</B>.&rdquo; The Firm Shares and, if and to the extent
such option is exercised, the Optional Shares, are collectively called the &ldquo;<B>Offered Shares</B>.&rdquo; Goldman Sachs &amp; Co.
LLC (&ldquo;<B>Goldman Sachs</B>&rdquo;), Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC (&ldquo;<B>Morgan Stanley</B>&rdquo;) and Cowen and Company, LLC
(&ldquo;<B>Cowen and Company</B>&rdquo;) have agreed to act as representatives of the several Underwriters (in such capacity, the &ldquo;<B>Representatives</B>&rdquo;)
in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Shares. To the extent there are no additional underwriters listed on Schedule
A, the term &ldquo;<B>Representatives</B>&rdquo; as used herein shall mean you, as the Underwriters, and the term &ldquo;<B>Underwriters</B>&rdquo;
shall mean either the singular or the plural, as the context requires.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company has prepared and
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B>Commission</B>&rdquo;) an automatically effective shelf registration
statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 (File No.&nbsp;333-249999), including a base prospectus (the &ldquo;<B>Base Prospectus</B>&rdquo;) to be used
in connection with the public offering and sale of the Offered Shares. Such registration statement, as amended, including the financial
statements, exhibits and schedules thereto, in the form in which it became effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and
the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Securities Act</B>&rdquo;), including all documents incorporated
or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein and any information deemed to be a part thereof at the time of effectiveness pursuant
to Rule&nbsp;430B under the Securities Act, is called the &ldquo;<B>Registration Statement</B>.&rdquo; Any registration statement filed
by the Company pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered Shares is called
the &ldquo;<B>Rule 462(b) Registration Statement</B>,&rdquo; and from and after the date and time of filing of any such Rule 462(b) Registration
Statement the term &ldquo;<B>Registration Statement</B>&rdquo; shall include the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. The preliminary prospectus
supplement, dated January 24, 2023, describing the Offered Shares and the offering thereof (the &ldquo;<B>Preliminary Prospectus Supplement</B>&rdquo;),
together with the Base Prospectus, is called the &ldquo;<B>Preliminary Prospectus</B>,&rdquo; and the Preliminary Prospectus and any other
prospectus supplement to the Base Prospectus in preliminary form that describes the Offered Shares and the offering thereof and is used
prior to the filing of the Prospectus (as defined below), together with the Base Prospectus, is called a &ldquo;<B>preliminary prospectus</B>.&rdquo;
As used herein, the term &ldquo;<B>Prospectus</B>&rdquo; shall mean the final prospectus supplement to the Base Prospectus that describes
the Offered Shares and the offering thereof, together with the Base Prospectus, in the form first used by the Underwriters to confirm
sales of the Offered Shares or in the form first made available to the Underwriters by the Company to meet requests of purchasers pursuant
to Rule 173 under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As used herein, &ldquo;<B>Applicable
Time</B>&rdquo; is 7:00 p.m. (New York time) on January 24, 2023. As used herein, &ldquo;<B>free writing prospectus</B>&rdquo; has the
meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, and &ldquo;<B>Time of Sale Prospectus</B>&rdquo; means the Preliminary Prospectus,
as amended or supplemented immediately prior to the Applicable Time, together with the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified on
Schedule B hereto (&ldquo;<B>Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses</B>&rdquo;) and the pricing information set forth on Schedule C hereto.
As used herein, <B>&ldquo;Road Show&rdquo;</B> means a &ldquo;road show&rdquo; (as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act) relating
to the offering of the Offered Shares contemplated hereby that is a &ldquo;written communication&rdquo; (as defined in Rule 405 under
the Securities Act).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All references in this Agreement
to financial statements and schedules and other information which are &ldquo;contained,&rdquo; &ldquo;included&rdquo; or &ldquo;stated&rdquo;
in, or &ldquo;part of&rdquo; the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary
prospectus, the Base Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, and all other references of like import, shall be deemed
to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference
in the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base
Prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All references in this Agreement
to amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus,
the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to mean and include the filing of any document under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Exchange Act</B>&rdquo;), that
is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus,
the Base Prospectus, or the Prospectus, as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All references in this Agreement
to (i)&nbsp;the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus,
any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing, or any free writing prospectus, shall include any copy thereof filed with the Commission
pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system (&ldquo;<B>EDGAR</B>&rdquo;) and (ii)&nbsp;the Prospectus shall
be deemed to include any &ldquo;electronic Prospectus&rdquo; provided for use in connection with the offering of the Offered Shares as
contemplated by Section 3(m) of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event that the Company
has only one subsidiary, then all references herein to &ldquo;subsidiaries&rdquo; of the Company shall be deemed to refer to such single
subsidiary, <U>mutatis mutandis</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company hereby confirms
its agreement with the Underwriters as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Representations and Warranties</U>. The Company represents and warrants to each Underwriter as of the date of this Agreement,
the Applicable Time, the First Closing Date (as hereinafter defined) and each Option Closing Date (as hereinafter defined), if any, as
follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Compliance with Registration Requirements</U>. The Registration Statement has become effective under the Securities Act. The
Company has complied, to the Commission&rsquo;s satisfaction, with all requests of the Commission for additional or supplemental information,
if any. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement is in effect and no proceedings for such purpose have
been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, are contemplated or threatened by the Commission. At the time the
Company&rsquo;s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K was filed with the Commission, or, if later, at the time the Registration Statement
was originally filed with the Commission, the Company met the then-applicable requirements for use of an &ldquo;automatic shelf registration
statement&rdquo; as defined under Rule 405 under the Securities Act on Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The Company meets the requirements
for use of an &ldquo;automatic shelf registration statement&rdquo; as defined under Rule 405 under the Securities Act on Form S-3 under
the Securities Act and meets the definition of &ldquo;experienced issuer&rdquo; as specified in Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
(&ldquo;<B>FINRA</B>&rdquo;) Rule 5110(j)(6). The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, at the time they were or hereafter are filed with the Commission, or became
effective under the Exchange Act, as the case may be, complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the
Exchange Act.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Misstatement or Omission</U>. Each preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus when filed complied in all material respects
with the Securities Act and, if filed by electronic transmission pursuant to EDGAR, was identical (except as may be permitted by Regulation&nbsp;S-T
under the Securities Act) to the copy thereof delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with the offer and sale of the Offered
Shares. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time of the applicable effective date of
the Registration Statement and any such post-effective amendment thereto, complied and will comply in all material respects with the
Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. As of the Applicable Time, the Time of Sale Prospectus
did not, and at the time of each sale of the Offered Shares and at the First Closing Date (as defined in <B>Error! Reference source not
found.</B>), the Time of Sale Prospectus, as then amended or supplemented by the Company, if applicable, will not, contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading. As of the date of the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto and as of the First
Closing Date and as of each applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be, the Prospectus will comply in all material respects with
the Securities Act and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to
make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The representations and warranties
set forth in the three immediately preceding sentences do not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement or
any post-effective amendment thereto, or the Prospectus or the Time of Sale Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto, made
in reliance upon and in conformity with written information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the Representatives
expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information consists of the information described in <B>Error!
Reference source not found.</B> below. There are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Time of Sale Prospectus
or the Prospectus or to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement which have not been described or filed as required.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(c)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Issuer Status; Free Writing Prospectuses; Road Show</U>. As of (i) the time of the filing of the Registration Statement, (ii)
the time of the most recent amendment to the Registration Statement for purposes of complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities
Act (whether such amendment was by post-effective amendment, incorporated report filed pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange
Act or form of prospectus), and (iii) the time the Company or any person acting on its behalf (within the meaning, for this clause only,
of Rule 163(c) under the Securities Act) made any offer relating to the Offered Shares in reliance on the exemption of Rule 163 under
the Securities Act, the Company was a &ldquo;well-known seasoned issuer&rdquo; as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. As of
the determination date referenced in Rule 164(h) under the Securities Act, the Company was not, is not or will not be (as applicable)
an &ldquo;ineligible issuer&rdquo; in connection with the offering of the Offered Shares pursuant to Rules 164, 405 and 433 under the
Securities Act. Each free writing prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has
been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act. Each free writing prospectus that
the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or that was prepared by or on behalf
of or used or referred to by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of Rule 433 under the
Securities Act, including timely filing with the Commission or retention where required and legending, and each such free writing prospectus,
as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the completion of the public offer and sale of the Offered Shares did not, does
not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus or any preliminary prospectus and not superseded or modified. Except for the free writing prospectuses, if
any, identified in Schedule B, and bona fide electronic road shows, if any, furnished to you before first use, the Company has not prepared,
used or referred to, and will not, without your prior written consent, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus. Each Road
Show, when considered together with the Time of Sale Prospectus, does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(d)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Market Capitalization</U>. The Company is not a shell company (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) and has not
been a shell company for at least 12 calendar months previously and if it has been a shell company at any time previously, has filed
current Form 10 information (as defined in Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3) with the Commission at least 12 calendar months previously
reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(e)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Distribution of Offering Material by the Company</U>. Prior to the later of (i) the expiration or termination of the option
granted to the several Underwriters in Section 2 and (ii) the completion of the Underwriters&rsquo; distribution of the Offered Shares,
neither the Company nor any Underwriter has distributed nor will distribute any offering material in connection with the offering and
sale of the Offered Shares other than the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus or any free writing prospectus
reviewed and consented to by the Representatives and the Company, and the free writing prospectuses, if any, identified on Schedule B
hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(f)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Financial Information</U>. The consolidated financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the
Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, if any, together with the related notes and schedules, present
fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) as of the
dates indicated and the consolidated results of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders&rsquo; equity of the Company for the
periods specified and have been prepared in compliance in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and Exchange
Act and in conformity with GAAP (as defined below) applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved, except as may be expressly
stated in the related notes thereto; the other financial and statistical data with respect to the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined
below) contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses,
if any, are accurately and fairly presented in all material respects and prepared on a basis consistent with the financial statements
and books and records of the Company; there are no financial statements (historical or pro forma) that are required to be included or
incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus that are not included or incorporated
by reference as required; the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) do not have any material liabilities or obligations, direct
or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), not described in the Registration Statement (excluding the exhibits thereto),
the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus; and all disclosures contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement,
the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, regarding &ldquo;non-GAAP financial
measures&rdquo; (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply with Regulation G of the Exchange Act
and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, to the extent applicable. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting
Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus fairly presents the information called
for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission&rsquo;s rules and guidelines applicable thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(g)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Conformity with EDGAR Filing</U>. The Preliminary Prospectus and Prospectus delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection
with the sale of the Offered Shares pursuant to this Agreement will be identical to the versions of the Preliminary Prospectus and Prospectus
created to be transmitted to the Commission for filing via EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(h)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Organization</U>. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries (as defined below) are duly organized, validly existing as a corporation
and in good standing under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries (as defined
below) are duly licensed or qualified as a foreign corporation for transaction of business and in good standing under the laws of each
other jurisdiction in which their respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of their respective businesses requires such
license or qualification, and have all corporate power and authority necessary to own or hold their respective properties and to conduct
their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, except where
the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, have
a material adverse effect or reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on or affecting the assets, business, operations,
earnings, properties, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects, stockholders&rsquo; equity or results of operations of the Company
and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) taken as a whole, or prevent or materially interfere with consummation of the transactions contemplated
hereby (a &ldquo;<B>Material Adverse Effect</B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(i)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Subsidiaries</U>. The subsidiaries set forth on Exhibit 21 to the Company&rsquo;s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K (collectively,
the &ldquo;<B>Subsidiaries</B>&rdquo;), are the Company&rsquo;s only significant subsidiaries (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of
Regulation S-X promulgated by the Commission). Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the
Prospectus, the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the equity interests of the Subsidiaries free and clear of any lien, charge,
security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal or other restriction, and all the equity interests of the Subsidiaries are validly
issued and are fully paid, nonassessable and free of preemptive and similar rights. No Subsidiary is currently prohibited, directly or
indirectly, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such Subsidiary&rsquo;s capital stock, from
repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such Subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such Subsidiary&rsquo;s
property or assets to the Company or any other Subsidiary of the Company other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time
of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(j)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Violation or Default</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is (i)&nbsp;in violation of its charter or by-laws
or similar organizational documents; (ii)&nbsp;in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would
constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage,
deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are
subject; or (iii)&nbsp;in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any Governmental Authority, except,
in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such violation or default that would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(k)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Material Adverse Change</U>. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement,
the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus and the Free Writing Prospectuses, if any (including any document deemed incorporated by
reference therein), there has not been (i) any Material Adverse Effect or the occurrence of any development that the Company reasonably
expects will result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) any transaction which is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as
a whole, (iii) any obligation or liability, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by the Company
or any Subsidiary, which is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iv) any material change in the capital stock
or outstanding long-term indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (v) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared,
paid or made on the capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary, other than in each case above in the ordinary course of business
or as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including any document deemed incorporated by reference therein).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(l)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Capitalization</U>. The issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been validly issued, are fully paid
and nonassessable and, other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, are not
subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or similar rights. The Company has an authorized, issued and outstanding capitalization
as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as of the dates referred to therein (other than the grant of additional
options, restricted stock units or similar equity securities under the Company&rsquo;s existing stock option plans, or changes in the
number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise or conversion of securities
exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof) and such authorized capital stock conforms in all
material respects to the description thereof set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.
The description of the securities of the Company in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus is complete
and accurate in all material respects. Except as disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus
or the Prospectus, as of the date referred to therein, the Company does not have outstanding any options to purchase, or any rights or
warrants to subscribe for, or any securities or obligations convertible into, or exchangeable for, or any contracts or commitments to
issue or sell, any shares of capital stock or other securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(m)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Authorization; Enforceability</U>. The Company has full legal right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and perform
the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and is a legal,
valid and binding agreement of the Company enforceable in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that enforceability may be
limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally and by general
equitable principles.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(n)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Authorization of the Offered Shares</U>. The Offered Shares have been duly authorized for issuance and sale pursuant to this
Agreement and, when issued and delivered pursuant to the terms approved by the board of directors of the Company or a duly authorized
committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee, against payment therefor as provided herein, will be duly authorized and
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim, including
any statutory or contractual preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights, and will be registered
pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act. The Offered Shares, when issued, will conform in all material respects to the description
thereof set forth in or incorporated into the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(o)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Consents Required</U>. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any Governmental
Authority is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, the issuance and sale by the Company
of the Offered Shares, except for such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations or qualifications as may be required
under applicable state securities laws or by the by-laws and rules of the FINRA or Nasdaq (as defined below) in connection with the sale
of the Offered Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(p)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Preferential Rights</U>. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus,
or except as otherwise waived in writing prior to the date hereof, (i)&nbsp;no person, as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation
S-X promulgated under the Securities Act (each, a &ldquo;<B>Person</B>&rdquo;), has the right, contractual or otherwise, to cause the
Company to issue or sell to such Person any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, (ii)&nbsp;no
Person has any preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal, rights of co-sale, or any other rights (whether pursuant to
a &ldquo;poison pill&rdquo; provision or otherwise) to purchase any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities
of the Company, (iii)&nbsp; no Person has the right to act as an underwriter or as a financial advisor to the Company in connection with
the offer and sale of the Common Stock, and (iv)&nbsp;no Person has the right, contractual or otherwise, to require the Company to register
under the Securities Act any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, or to include any
such shares or other securities in the Registration Statement or the offering contemplated thereby, whether as a result of the filing
or effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the sale of the Offered Shares as contemplated thereby or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(q)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Independent Public Accounting Firm</U>. Ernst &amp; Young LLP (the &ldquo;<B>Accountant</B>&rdquo;), whose report on the consolidated
financial statements of the Company is filed with the Commission as part of the Company&rsquo;s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K
filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, are and, during the periods
covered by their report, were an independent registered public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the Accountant is not in violation of the auditor
independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the &ldquo;<B>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</B>&rdquo;) with respect to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(r)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Enforceability of Agreements</U>. All agreements between the Company and third parties expressly referenced in the Prospectus
are legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, except to the extent that
(i)&nbsp;enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo;
rights generally and by general equitable principles and (ii)&nbsp;the indemnification provisions of certain agreements may be limited
by federal or state securities laws or public policy considerations in respect thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(s)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Litigation</U>. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, there are
no legal, governmental or regulatory actions, suits or proceedings by or before any Governmental Authority pending, nor, to the Company&rsquo;s
knowledge, any legal, governmental or regulatory audits or investigations by or before any Governmental Authority, to which the Company
or a Subsidiary is a party or to which any property of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is the subject that, individually or in
the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or its Subsidiaries, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect
and, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no such actions, suits, proceedings, audits or investigations are threatened by any Governmental
Authority or threatened by others; and (i)&nbsp;there are no current or pending legal, governmental or regulatory audits, investigations,
actions, suits or proceedings by or before any Governmental Authority that are required under the Securities Act to be described in the
Time of Sale Prospectus or Prospectus that are not so described; and (ii)&nbsp;there are no contracts or other documents that are required
under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not so filed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(t)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Consents and Permits</U>. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus,
the Company and its Subsidiaries have made all filings, applications and submissions required by, possess and are operating in compliance
with, all approvals, licenses, certificates, certifications, clearances, consents, grants, exemptions, marks, notifications, orders, permits
and other authorizations issued by, the appropriate federal, state or foreign Governmental Authority (including, without limitation, the
United States Food and Drug Administration (the &ldquo;<B>FDA</B>&rdquo;), the United States Drug Enforcement Administration or any other
foreign, federal, state, provincial, court or local government or regulatory authorities including self-regulatory organizations engaged
in the regulation of clinical trials, pharmaceuticals, biologics or biohazardous substances or materials) necessary for the ownership
or lease of their respective properties or to conduct its businesses as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus
and the Prospectus (collectively, &ldquo;<B>Permits</B>&rdquo;), except for such Permits the failure of which to possess, obtain or make
the same would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; the Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with the
terms and conditions of all such Permits, except where the failure to be in compliance would not reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect; all of the Permits are valid and in full force and effect, except where any invalidity, individually or in the aggregate,
would not be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any
written notice of proceedings relating to the limitation, revocation, cancellation, suspension, modification, restriction or non-renewal
of any such Permit which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would have a Material
Adverse Effect, or has any reason to believe that any such license, certificate, permit or authorization will not be renewed in the ordinary
course, except where the failure to renew such license, certificate, permit or authorization in the ordinary course, individually or in
the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(u)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Regulatory Filings</U>. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has failed to file with the applicable Governmental Authority (including, without limitation,
the FDA, or any foreign, federal, state, provincial or local Governmental Authority performing functions similar to those performed by
the FDA) any required filing, declaration, listing, registration, report or submission, except for such failures that, individually or
in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; except as disclosed in the Registration Statement,
the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, all such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions were in
compliance with applicable laws when filed and no deficiencies have been asserted by any applicable regulatory authority with respect
to any such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions, except for any deficiencies that, individually or
in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(v)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Intellectual Property</U>. Except as disclosed in, or incorporated by reference into, the Registration Statement, the Time of
Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries own, possess, license or have other rights to use, or could obtain
on commercially reasonable terms, all foreign and domestic patents, patent applications, trade and service marks, trade and service mark
registrations, trade names, copyrights, licenses, inventions, trade secrets, technology, Internet domain names, know-how and other intellectual
property (collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Intellectual Property</B>&rdquo;), necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as now
conducted except to the extent that the failure to own, possess, license or otherwise hold adequate rights to use such Intellectual Property
would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as disclosed in, or incorporated by reference into,
the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus (i) there are no rights of third parties to any such Intellectual
Property owned by the Company and its Subsidiaries except for in-licensed Intellectual Property, and except for licenses granted in the
ordinary course to third parties or that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect; (ii) to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, there is no infringement, misappropriation or other violation by third parties of any such
Intellectual Property; (iii) there is no pending or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by
others challenging the Company&rsquo;s and its Subsidiaries&rsquo; rights in or to any such Intellectual Property, and the Company is
unaware of any facts which could form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim; (iv) there is no pending or,
to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the validity, scope or enforceability
of any such Intellectual Property; (v) there is no pending or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or
claim by others alleging that the Company and its Subsidiaries infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate any Intellectual Property
of others; (vi) to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, there is no third-party U.S. patent or published U.S. patent application which contains
claims for which an Interference Proceeding (as defined in 35 U.S.C. &sect; 135) has been commenced against any patent or patent application
described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus as being owned by or licensed to the Company;
and (vii) the Company and its Subsidiaries have complied with the terms of each agreement pursuant to which Intellectual Property has
been licensed to the Company or such Subsidiary, and all such agreements are in full force and effect, except, in the case of any of clauses
(i)-(vii) above, for any such infringement, misappropriation or other violation by third parties or any such pending or threatened suit,
action, proceeding or claim as has been disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus or would
not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(w)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Material Defaults</U>. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for
borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not filed a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act
since the filing of its last Annual Report on Form 10-K, indicating that it (i)&nbsp;has failed to pay any dividend or sinking fund installment
on preferred stock or (ii)&nbsp;has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term
leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(x)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Certain Market Activities</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor any of their respective directors, executive
officers or controlling persons, has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that has constituted or might reasonably
be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares or
of any &ldquo;reference security&rdquo; (as defined in Rule 100 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act (&ldquo;<B>Regulation M</B>&rdquo;))
with respect to the Shares, whether to facilitate the sale or resale of the Offered Shares or otherwise, and has taken no action which
would directly or indirectly violate Regulation M.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(y)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Broker/Dealer Relationships</U>. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries or related entities (i)&nbsp;is required to
register as a &ldquo;broker&rdquo; or &ldquo;dealer&rdquo; in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange Act or (ii)&nbsp;directly
or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is a &ldquo;person associated with a member&rdquo; or &ldquo;associated
person of a member&rdquo; (within the meaning set forth in the FINRA Manual).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(z)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Taxes</U>. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have filed all material federal, state, local and foreign tax returns which
have been required to be filed and paid all material taxes shown thereon through the date hereof, to the extent that such taxes have become
due and are not being contested in good faith. Except as otherwise disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Time
of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, no material tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
The Company has no knowledge of any material federal, state or other governmental tax deficiency, penalty or assessment which has been
or might be asserted or threatened against it.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(aa)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Title to Real and Personal Property</U>. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the
Prospectus (and other than Intellectual Property, addressed in Section 1(v) hereof), the Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable
title in fee simple to all items of real property owned by them, good and valid title to all personal property described in the Registration
Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus as being owned by them that are material to the businesses of the Company or
such Subsidiary, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and claims, except those matters that (i) do not materially interfere
with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and any of its Subsidiaries or (ii) would not reasonably be
expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. Any real or personal property described in the Registration
Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus as being leased by the Company and any of its Subsidiaries is held by them under
valid, existing and enforceable leases, except those that (A) do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of
such property by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (B) would not be reasonably expected, individually or in the aggregate, to
have a Material Adverse Effect. Each of the properties of the Company and its Subsidiaries complies with all applicable codes, laws and
regulations (including, without limitation, building and zoning codes, laws and regulations and laws relating to access to such properties),
except if and to the extent disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or except for such
failures to comply that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to interfere in any material respect with
the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its Subsidiaries or otherwise have a Material Adverse Effect.
None of the Company or its Subsidiaries has received from any Governmental Authorities any notice of any condemnation of, or zoning change
affecting, the properties of the Company and its Subsidiaries, and the Company knows of no such condemnation or zoning change which is
threatened, except for such that would not reasonably be expected to interfere in any material respect with the use made and proposed
to be made of such property by the Company and its Subsidiaries or otherwise have a Material Adverse Effect, individually or in the aggregate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(bb)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Environmental Laws</U>. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, the
Company and its Subsidiaries (i)&nbsp;are in compliance with any and all applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations,
decisions and orders relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes,
pollutants or contaminants (collectively, &ldquo;<B>Environmental Laws</B>&rdquo;); (ii)&nbsp;have received and are in compliance with
all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses as
described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus; and (iii)&nbsp;have not received notice of any
actual or potential liability for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes,
pollutants or contaminants, except, in the case of any of clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above, for any such failure to comply or failure
to receive required permits, licenses, other approvals or liability as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(cc)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Disclosure Controls</U>. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintain systems of internal accounting controls designed
to provide reasonable assurance that (i)&nbsp;transactions are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorizations;
(ii)&nbsp;transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles and to maintain asset accountability; (iii)&nbsp;access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s general
or specific authorization; and (iv)&nbsp;the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals
and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting is effective
and the Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting (other than as set forth in the
Registration Statement, Time of Sale Prospectus or Prospectus). Since the date of the latest audited financial statements of the Company
included in the Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that has materially
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting (other than as set
forth in the Registration Statement, Time of Sale Prospectus or Prospectus). The Company has established disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15) for the Company and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that
material information relating to the Company and each of its Subsidiaries is made known to the certifying officers by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as
the case may be, is being prepared. The Company&rsquo;s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company&rsquo;s disclosure
controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of the Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended
(such date, the &ldquo;<B>Evaluation Date</B>&rdquo;). The Company presented in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended
the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations
as of the Evaluation Date and the disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no significant
changes in the Company&rsquo;s internal controls (as such term is defined in Item 307(b) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act) or,
to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, in other factors that could significantly affect the Company&rsquo;s internal controls.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(dd)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Sarbanes-Oxley</U>. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of the Company&rsquo;s directors or officers,
in their capacities as such, to comply in all material respects with any applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules
and regulations promulgated thereunder. Each of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer of the Company (or
each former principal executive officer of the Company and each former principal financial officer of the Company as applicable) has made
all certifications required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with respect to all reports, schedules, forms, statements
and other documents required to be filed by it or furnished by it to the Commission. For purposes of the preceding sentence, &ldquo;principal
executive officer&rdquo; and &ldquo;principal financial officer&rdquo; shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(ee)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Finder&rsquo;s Fees.</U> Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has incurred any liability for any finder&rsquo;s fees,
brokerage commissions or similar payments in connection with the transactions herein contemplated, except as may otherwise exist with
respect to or pursuant to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(ff)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Labor Disputes</U>. No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to
the knowledge of the Company, is threatened which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(gg)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Investment Company Act</U>. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries is, or will be, either after receipt of payment
for the Offered Shares or after the application of the proceeds therefrom as described under &ldquo;Use of Proceeds&rdquo; in the Registration
Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus, required to register as an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; or an entity &ldquo;controlled&rdquo;
by an &ldquo;investment company,&rdquo; as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Investment
Company Act</B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(hh)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Operations</U>. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with
applicable anti-money laundering laws, regulations, rules and guidelines, including, without limitation, the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970,
as amended by the USA PATRIOT ACT of 2001, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, financial record keeping and reporting
requirements, such as the U.S. criminal money laundering statutes 18 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 1956 and 1957, and all other applicable anti-money
laundering and counter terrorist financing statutes of all jurisdictions to which the Company or its Subsidiaries are subject, the rules
and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any Governmental
Authority (collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Money Laundering Laws</B>&rdquo;); and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental
Authority involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of
the Company, threatened.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(ii)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements</U>. There are no transactions, arrangements and other relationships between and/or among the
Company, and/or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of its affiliates and any unconsolidated entity, including, but not limited to,
any structural finance, special purpose or limited purpose entity (each, an &ldquo;<B>Off-Balance Sheet Transaction</B>&rdquo;) that would
reasonably be expected to affect materially the Company&rsquo;s liquidity or the availability of or requirements for its capital resources,
including those Off-Balance Sheet Transactions described in the Commission&rsquo;s Statement about Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations (Release Nos. 33-8056; 34-45321; FR-61), required to be described in the Prospectus
which have not been described as required.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(jj)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>ERISA</U>. To the knowledge of the Company, each material employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (&ldquo;<B>ERISA</B>&rdquo;), that is maintained, administered or contributed to by
the Company or any of its affiliates for employees or former employees of the Company and any of its Subsidiaries has been maintained
in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not
limited to ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Code</B>&rdquo;); no prohibited transaction, within
the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred which would result in a material liability to the Company
with respect to any such plan excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption; and for each such plan
that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, no &ldquo;accumulated funding deficiency&rdquo;
as defined in Section 412 of the Code has been incurred, whether or not waived, and the fair market value of the assets of each such plan
(excluding for these purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such plan determined
using reasonable actuarial assumptions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(kk)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Forward-Looking Statements</U>. Each financial or operational projection or other &ldquo;forward-looking statement&rdquo; (as
defined by Section 27A of the Securities Act or Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of
Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus (i)&nbsp;was so included by the Company in good faith and with reasonable basis after due consideration
by the Company of the underlying assumptions, estimates and other applicable facts and circumstances and (ii)&nbsp;is accompanied by meaningful
cautionary statements identifying those factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in such forward-looking
statement. No such statement was made with the knowledge of an executive officer or director of the Company that is false or misleading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(ll)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Margin Rules</U>. Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Offered Shares nor the application of the proceeds thereof
by the Company as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors
of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(mm)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Insurance</U>. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such
risks as the Company and each of its Subsidiaries reasonably believe are adequate for the conduct of their properties and as is customary
for companies engaged in similar businesses in similar industries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(nn)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Improper Practices</U>. (i)&nbsp;Neither the Company nor the Subsidiaries, nor any director, officer, or employee of the
Company or any Subsidiary nor, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any agent, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company
or any Subsidiary has, in the past five years, made any unlawful contributions to any candidate for any political office (or failed fully
to disclose any contribution in violation of applicable law) or made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate
for, any federal, state, municipal, or foreign office or other person charged with similar public or quasi-public duty in violation of
any applicable law or of the character required to be disclosed in the Prospectus; (ii)&nbsp;no relationship, direct or indirect, exists
between or among the Company or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any Subsidiary or any affiliate of any of them, on the one hand, and
the directors, officers and stockholders of the Company or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any Subsidiary, on the other hand, that
is required by the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus that is
not so described; (iii)&nbsp;no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any Subsidiary or any affiliate
of them, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, or stockholders of the Company or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any Subsidiary,
on the other hand, that is required by the rules of FINRA to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and
the Prospectus that is not so described; (iv)&nbsp;except as described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and
the Prospectus, there are no material outstanding loans or advances or material guarantees of indebtedness by the Company or, to the Company&rsquo;s
knowledge, any Subsidiary to or for the benefit of any of their respective officers or directors or any of the members of the families
of any of them; and (v) the Company has not offered, or caused any placement agent to offer, Common Stock to any person with the intent
to influence unlawfully (A)&nbsp;a customer or supplier of the Company or any Subsidiary to alter the customer&rsquo;s or supplier&rsquo;s
level or type of business with the Company or any Subsidiary or (B)&nbsp;a trade journalist or publication to write or publish favorable
information about the Company or any Subsidiary or any of their respective products or services, and, (vi) neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary nor, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of
the Company or any Subsidiary has (A) violated or is in violation of any applicable provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
of 1977, as amended, or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law (collectively, &ldquo;<B>Anti-Corruption Laws</B>&rdquo;),
(B) promised, offered, provided, attempted to provide or authorized the provision of anything of value, directly or indirectly, to any
person for the purpose of unlawfully obtaining or retaining business, influencing any act or decision of the recipient or securing any
improper advantage, or (C) made any payment of funds of the Company or any Subsidiary or received or retained any funds in violation of
any Anti-Corruption Laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(oo)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Conflicts</U>. Neither the execution of this Agreement, nor the issuance, offering or sale of the Offered Shares, nor the
consummation of any of the transactions contemplated herein and therein, nor the compliance by the Company with the terms and provisions
hereof and thereof will conflict with, or will result in a breach of, any of the terms and provisions of, or has constituted or will constitute
a default under, or has resulted in or will result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property
or assets of the Company pursuant to the terms of any contract or other agreement to which the Company may be bound or to which any of
the property or assets of the Company is subject, except (i) such conflicts, breaches or defaults as may have been waived and (ii) such
conflicts, breaches and defaults that would not have a Material Adverse Effect; nor will such action result (x) in any violation of the
provisions of the organizational or governing documents of the Company, or (y) in any violation of the provisions of any statute or any
order, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or of any Governmental Authority having jurisdiction over the Company other than,
with respect to clause (y) only, any violation that would not have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(pp)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Sanctions</U>. (i) The Company represents that, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries (collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Entity</B>&rdquo;)
or any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate or representative of the Entity, is a government, individual, or entity (in this
paragraph (pp), &ldquo;<B>Person</B>&rdquo;) that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(A)&nbsp;&nbsp;the
subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury&rsquo;s Office of Foreign Assets Control (&ldquo;<B>OFAC</B>&rdquo;),
the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty&rsquo;s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authorities, including,
without limitation, designation on OFAC&rsquo;s Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List or OFAC&rsquo;s Foreign Sanctions
Evaders List (as amended, collectively, &ldquo;<B>Sanctions</B>&rdquo;), nor</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(B)&nbsp;&nbsp;located,
organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions that broadly prohibit dealings with that country or territory
(including, without limitation, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, the Crimea Region of Ukraine the so-called Donetsk People&rsquo;s Republic,
the so-called Luhansk People&rsquo;s Republic, or any other Covered Region of Ukraine identified pursuant to Executive Order 14065) (the
 &ldquo;<B>Sanctioned Countries</B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Entity represents and covenants that it will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise
make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(A)&nbsp;&nbsp;to
fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or
facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions or is a Sanctioned Country; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(B)&nbsp;&nbsp;in
any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the offering, whether
as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Entity represents and covenants that, except as detailed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, for the past 5 years, it has
not knowingly engaged in, is not now knowingly engaging in, and will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in
any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions or is or was a Sanctioned
Country.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(qq)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Compliance with Laws</U>. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all applicable laws, regulations and
statutes (including Environmental Laws) in the jurisdictions in which it carries on business; the Company has not received a notice of
non-compliance, nor knows of, nor has reasonable grounds to know of, any facts that could give rise to a notice of non-compliance with
any such laws, regulations and statutes, and does not have knowledge of any pending change or contemplated change to any applicable law
or regulation or governmental position; except, in each case, where such non-compliance, potential non-compliance or potential change
in an applicable law, regulation or governmental position, would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have
a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(rr)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Statistical and Market-Related Data</U>. All statistical, demographic and market-related data included in the Registration Statement,
the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes to be reliable and accurate
or represent the Company&rsquo;s good faith estimates that are made on the basis of data derived from such sources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(ss)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Stock Exchange Listing</U>. The Shares are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act and are listed
on The Nasdaq Global Select Market (the &ldquo;<B>Nasdaq</B>&rdquo;), and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have
the effect of, terminating the registration of the Shares under the Exchange Act or delisting the Shares from the Nasdaq, nor has the
Company received any notification that the Commission or the Nasdaq is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. To the
Company&rsquo;s knowledge, it is in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of Nasdaq.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(tt)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Related-Party Transactions</U>. There are no business relationships or related-party transactions involving the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries or any other person required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus
that have not been described as required.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(uu)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Parties to Lock-Up Agreements</U>. The Company has furnished to the Underwriters a letter agreement in the form attached hereto
as <U>Exhibit&nbsp;A</U> (the &ldquo;<B>Lock-up Agreement</B>&rdquo;) from each of the persons listed on <U>Exhibit&nbsp;B</U>. Such <U>Exhibit&nbsp;B</U>
lists under an appropriate caption the directors and executive officers of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(vv)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Privacy Compliance</U>. (i) The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have materially complied and are presently in material
compliance with all of their internal and external privacy policies, contractual obligations, industry standards, applicable laws, statutes,
judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or other governmental or regulatory authority and any other legal
obligations, in each case, relating to the collection, use, transfer, import, export, storage, protection, security, privacy, disposal
and disclosure by or on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of personal, personally identifiable, household, sensitive, confidential
or regulated data (&ldquo;<B>Data Security Obligations</B>,&rdquo; and such data, &ldquo;<B>Data</B>&rdquo;); (ii) the Company has not
received any written notification of or written complaint regarding and is unaware of any other facts that, individually or in the aggregate,
would reasonably indicate its or its Subsidiaries&rsquo; non-compliance with any Data Security Obligation, except as would not reasonably
be expected to be material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole; and (iii) there is no action, suit or proceeding by or
before any court or governmental agency, authority or body pending or threatened alleging non-compliance by the Company or its Subsidiaries
with any Data Security Obligation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(ww)</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Data Security</U>. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have implemented technical and organizational measures reasonably
designed to protect the information technology systems and Data used by or on behalf of the Company or its Subsidiaries in connection
with the operation of the Company&rsquo;s and its Subsidiaries&rsquo; businesses. To the knowledge of the Company, all such material information
technology systems are free and clear of all Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other malicious code, except as would not reasonably
be expected to be material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole. Without limiting the foregoing, the Company and its Subsidiaries
have used reasonable efforts to establish and maintain, and have established, maintained, implemented and complied with, all reasonable
information technology, information security, cyber security and data protection controls, policies and procedures relating to such systems,
Data and operations, including oversight, access controls, encryption, technological and physical safeguards and business continuity/disaster
recovery and security plans that are reasonably designed to protect against and prevent breach, destruction, loss, unauthorized distribution,
use, access, disablement, misappropriation or modification, or other compromise or misuse of or relating to such information technology
systems and Data used in connection with the operation of the Company&rsquo;s and its Subsidiaries&rsquo; businesses (&ldquo;<B>Breach</B>&rdquo;).
There has been no such Breach, and the Company and its Subsidiaries have not been notified of and have no knowledge of any event or condition
that would reasonably be expected to result in, any such Breach, except in each case as would not reasonably be expected to be material
to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any certificate signed by
any officer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and delivered to any Underwriter or to counsel for the Underwriters in connection
with the offering, or the purchase and sale, of the Offered Shares shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to each
Underwriter as to the matters covered thereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Purchase, Sale and Delivery of the Offered Shares</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>The Firm Shares</U>. Upon the terms herein set forth, the Company agrees to issue and sell to the several Underwriters an aggregate
of 17,500,000 Firm Shares. On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, and upon the terms but subject
to the conditions herein set forth, the Underwriters agree, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company the respective aggregate
number of Firm Shares set forth opposite their names on Schedule A. The purchase price per Firm Share to be paid by the several Underwriters
to the Company shall be $9.425 per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>The First Closing Date</U>. Delivery by electronic book-entry of the Firm Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters and payment
therefor shall be made at the offices of Davis Polk &amp; Wardwell LLP, 1600 El Camino Real, Menlo Park, California 94025 (or such other
place as may be agreed to by the Company and the Representatives) at 10:00 a.m. Eastern time, on January 27, 2023, or such other time
and date not later than 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, on February&nbsp;6, 2023 as the Representatives shall designate by notice to the Company
(the time and date of such closing are called the &ldquo;<B>First Closing Date</B>&rdquo;). The Company hereby acknowledges that circumstances
under which the Representatives may provide notice to postpone the First Closing Date as originally scheduled include, but are not limited
to, any determination by the Company or the Representatives to recirculate to the public copies of an amended or supplemented Prospectus
or a delay as contemplated by the provisions of Section 11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>The Optional Shares; Option Closing Date</U>. In addition, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein
contained, and upon the terms but subject to the conditions herein set forth, the Company hereby grants an option to the several Underwriters
to purchase, severally and not jointly, up to an aggregate of 2,625,000 Optional Shares from the Company at the purchase price per share
to be paid by the Underwriters for the Firm Shares. The option granted hereunder may be exercised at any time and from time to time in
whole or in part upon notice by the Representatives to the Company, which notice may be given at any time within thirty (30) days from
the date of this Agreement. Such notice shall set forth (i) the aggregate number of Optional Shares as to which the Underwriters are exercising
the option and (ii) the time, date and place at which the Optional Shares will be delivered (which time and date may be simultaneous with,
but not earlier than, the First Closing Date; and in the event that such time and date are simultaneous with the First Closing Date, the
term &ldquo;<B>First Closing Date</B>&rdquo; shall refer to the time and date of delivery of the Firm Shares and such Optional Shares).
Any such time and date of delivery, if subsequent to the First Closing Date, is called an &ldquo;<B>Option Closing Date</B>,&rdquo; shall
be determined by the Representatives and shall not be earlier than two (2) or later than five (5) full business days after delivery of
such notice of exercise. If any Optional Shares are to be purchased, (a) each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase
the number of Optional Shares (subject to such adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as the Representatives may determine) that bears
the same proportion to the total number of Optional Shares to be purchased as the number of Firm Shares set forth on Schedule A opposite
the name of such Underwriter bears to the total number of Firm Shares and (b) the Company agrees to sell the number of Optional Shares
set forth in the &ldquo;introductory&rdquo; paragraph of this Agreement (subject to such adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as
the Representatives may determine). The Representatives may cancel the option at any time prior to its expiration by giving written notice
of such cancellation to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Public Offering of the Offered Shares</U>. The Representatives hereby advise the Company that the Underwriters intend to offer
for sale to the public, initially on the terms set forth in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus,
their respective portions of the Offered Shares as soon after this Agreement has been executed as the Representatives, in its sole judgment,
have determined is advisable and practicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Payment for the Offered Shares</U>. (i) Payment for the Offered Shares shall be made at the First Closing Date (and, if applicable,
at each Option Closing Date) by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the order of the Company. (ii) It is understood that the
Representatives have been authorized, for their own account and the accounts of the several Underwriters, to accept delivery of and receipt
for, and make payment of the purchase price for, the Firm Shares and any Optional Shares the Underwriters have agreed to purchase. Goldman
Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Cowen and Company, individually and not as the Representatives of the Underwriters, may (but shall not be obligated
to) make payment for any Offered Shares to be purchased by any Underwriter whose funds shall not have been received by the Representatives
by the First Closing Date or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be, for the account of such Underwriter, but any such
payment shall not relieve such Underwriter from any of its obligations under this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Delivery of the Offered Shares</U>. The Company shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, by electronic book-entry to the Representatives
for the accounts of the several Underwriters the Firm Shares at the First Closing Date, against the irrevocable release of a wire transfer
of immediately available funds for the amount of the purchase price therefor. The Company shall also deliver, or cause to be delivered,
by electronic book-entry through the facilities of DTC unless the Representatives shall otherwise instruct, to the Representatives for
the accounts of the several Underwriters, the Optional Shares the Underwriters have agreed to purchase at the First Closing Date or the
applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be, against the release of a wire transfer of immediately available funds for the amount
of the purchase price therefor. Delivery of the Offered Shares shall be made by credit to the accounts designated by the Representatives
through The Depository Trust Company&rsquo;s full fast transfer or DWAC programs. Time shall be of the essence, and delivery at the time
and place specified in this Agreement is a further condition to the obligations of the Underwriters.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Additional Covenants of the Company</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 1in">The Company further covenants and
agrees with each Underwriter as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Delivery of Registration Statement, Time of Sale Prospectus and Prospectus</U>. The Company shall furnish to you in New York
City, without charge, as soon as reasonably practicable on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement and during the
period when a prospectus relating to the Offered Shares is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through
compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) in connection with sales of the Offered Shares, as many copies
of the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus and any supplements and amendments thereto or to the Registration Statement as you may
reasonably request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Representatives&rsquo; Review of Proposed Amendments and Supplements</U>. During the period when a prospectus relating to the
Offered Shares is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities
Act or any similar rule), the Company (i) will furnish to the Representatives for review, a reasonable period of time prior to the proposed
time of filing of any proposed amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, a copy of each such amendment or supplement and
(ii) will not amend or supplement the Registration Statement (excluding any amendment or supplement through incorporation of any report
filed under the Exchange Act) without the Representatives&rsquo; prior written consent. Prior to amending or supplementing any preliminary
prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus (excluding any amendment or supplement through incorporation of any report filed
under the Exchange Act), the Company shall furnish to the Representatives for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to the time of
filing or use of the proposed amendment or supplement, a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement. The Company shall not file
or use any such proposed amendment or supplement without the Representatives&rsquo; prior written consent (excluding any amendment or
supplement through incorporation of any report filed under the Exchange Act). The Company shall file with the Commission within the applicable
period specified in Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act any prospectus required to be filed pursuant to such Rule.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Free Writing Prospectuses</U>. The Company shall furnish to the Representatives for review, a reasonable amount of time prior
to the proposed time of filing or use thereof, a copy of each proposed free writing prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto
prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company, and the Company shall not file, use or refer to any proposed free
writing prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto without the Representatives&rsquo; prior written consent. The Company shall
furnish to each Underwriter, without charge, as many copies of any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by or referred
to by the Company as such Underwriter may reasonably request. If at any time when a prospectus is required by the Securities Act to be
delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) in connection with sales
of the Offered Shares (but in any event if at any time through and including the First Closing Date) there occurred or occurs an event
or development as a result of which any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the Company conflicted
or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or included or would include an untrue statement of a material
fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
prevailing at such time, not misleading, the Company shall promptly amend or supplement such free writing prospectus to eliminate or correct
such conflict so that the statements in such free writing prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not include an untrue statement
of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
prevailing at such time, not misleading, as the case may be; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that prior to amending or supplementing
any such free writing prospectus, the Company shall furnish to the Representatives for review, a reasonable amount of time prior to the
proposed time of filing or use thereof, a copy of such proposed amended or supplemented free writing prospectus, and the Company shall
not file, use or refer to any such amended or supplemented free writing prospectus without the Representatives&rsquo; prior written consent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Filing of Underwriter Free Writing Prospectuses</U>. The Company shall not take any action that would result in an Underwriter
or the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act a free writing prospectus prepared
by or on behalf of such Underwriter that such Underwriter otherwise would not have been required to file thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Amendments and Supplements to Time of Sale Prospectus</U>. If the Time of Sale Prospectus is being used to solicit offers to
buy the Offered Shares at a time when the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, and any event shall occur or condition
exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus so that the Time of Sale Prospectus does
not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein,
in the light of the circumstances when delivered to a prospective purchaser, not misleading, or if any event shall occur or condition
exist as a result of which the Time of Sale Prospectus conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement, or if,
in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters, it is necessary to amend or supplement the Time of Sale Prospectus to comply with applicable
law, the Company shall (subject to Section 3(b) and Section 3(c) hereof) promptly prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its
own expense, to the Underwriters and to any dealer upon request, either amendments or supplements to the Time of Sale Prospectus so that
the statements in the Time of Sale Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or
omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when delivered to a
prospective purchaser, not misleading or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will no longer conflict with
the information contained in the Registration Statement, or so that the Time of Sale Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply
with applicable law.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Certain Notifications and Required Actions</U>. After the date of this Agreement and during the period when a prospectus relating
to the Offered Shares is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under
the Securities Act or any similar rule), the Company shall promptly advise the Representatives in writing of: (i) the receipt of any comments
of, or requests for additional or supplemental information from, the Commission; (ii)&nbsp;the time and date of any filing of any post-effective
amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any
free writing prospectus or the Prospectus; (iii) the time and date that any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement becomes
effective; and (iv) the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any
post-effective amendment thereto or any amendment or supplement to any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus
or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus
or the Prospectus, or of any proceedings to remove, suspend or terminate from listing or quotation the Shares from any securities exchange
upon which they are listed for trading or included or designated for quotation, or of the threatening or initiation of any proceedings
for any of such purposes. If the Commission issues a notice of objection, the Company will promptly take such steps including, without
limitation, amending the Registration Statement of filing a new registration statement, at its own expense, as may be necessary to permit
offers and sales of the Offered Shares by the Underwriters. If the Commission shall enter any such stop order at any time, the Company
will use its reasonable best efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible moment. Additionally, the Company agrees
that it shall comply with all applicable provisions of Rule&nbsp;424(b), Rule 433 and Rule 430B under the Securities Act and will use
its reasonable efforts to confirm that any filings made by the Company under Rule 424(b) or Rule 433 were received in a timely manner
by the Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Amendments and Supplements to the Prospectus and Other Securities Act Matters</U>. If any event shall occur or condition exist
as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus so that the Prospectus does not include an untrue statement
of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
when the Prospectus is delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule)
to a purchaser, not misleading, or if in the opinion of the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters it is otherwise necessary
to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with applicable law, the Company agrees (subject to Section 3(b) and Section 3(c)) hereof
to promptly prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriters and to any dealer upon request, amendments
or supplements to the Prospectus so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not include an untrue statement
of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
when the Prospectus is delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule)
to a purchaser, not misleading or so that the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with applicable law. Neither the Representatives&rsquo;
consent to, nor delivery of, any such amendment or supplement shall constitute a waiver of any of the Company&rsquo;s obligations under
Section 3(b) or Section 3(c).</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Blue Sky Compliance</U>. The Company shall cooperate with the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters to qualify or
register the Offered Shares for sale under (or obtain exemptions from the application of) the state securities or blue sky laws or Canadian
provincial securities laws of those jurisdictions designated by the Representatives, shall comply with such laws and shall continue such
qualifications, registrations and exemptions in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Offered Shares. The Company shall
not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to take any action that would subject it to general service of process in any such
jurisdiction where it is not presently qualified or where it would be subject to taxation as a foreign corporation. The Company will advise
the Representatives promptly of the suspension of the qualification or registration of (or any such exemption relating to) the Offered
Shares for offering, sale or trading in any jurisdiction or any initiation or threat of any proceeding for any such purpose, and in the
event of the issuance of any order suspending such qualification, registration or exemption, the Company shall use its reasonable best
efforts to obtain the withdrawal thereof at the earliest possible moment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Use of Proceeds</U>. The Company shall apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Offered Shares sold by it in the manner described
under the caption &ldquo;Use of Proceeds&rdquo; in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Earnings Statement</U>. The Company will make generally available (which may be satisfied by filing with EDGAR) to its security
holders and to the Representatives as soon as practicable an earnings statement (which need not be audited) covering a period of at least
twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company commencing after the date of this Agreement that will satisfy the
provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(k)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Continued Compliance with Securities Laws</U>. The Company will comply with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act so as to
permit the completion of the distribution of the Offered Shares as contemplated by this Agreement<B>, </B>the Registration Statement,
the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will, during the period
when a prospectus relating to the Offered Shares is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance
with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule), file on a timely basis with the Commission and the Nasdaq all reports and
documents required to be filed under the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(l)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Listing</U>. The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to list, subject to notice of issuance, the Offered Shares on
the Nasdaq.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(m)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Company to Provide Copy of the Prospectus in Form That May be Downloaded from the Internet</U>. If requested by the Representatives,
the Company shall cause to be prepared and delivered, at its expense, within one business day from the effective date of this Agreement,
to the Representatives, an &ldquo;<B>electronic Prospectus</B>&rdquo; to be used in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered
Shares. As used herein, the term &ldquo;<B>electronic Prospectus</B>&rdquo; means a form of Time of Sale Prospectus, and any amendment
or supplement thereto, that meets each of the following conditions: (i) it shall be encoded in an electronic format, satisfactory to the
Representatives, that may be transmitted electronically by the Representatives to offerees and purchasers of the Offered Shares; (ii)&nbsp;it
shall disclose the same information as the paper Time of Sale Prospectus, except to the extent that graphic and image material cannot
be disseminated electronically, in which case such graphic and image material shall be replaced in the electronic Prospectus with a fair
and accurate narrative description or tabular representation of such material, as appropriate; and (iii)&nbsp;it shall be in or convertible
into a paper format or an electronic format, satisfactory to the Representatives, that will allow investors to store and have continuously
ready access to the Time of Sale Prospectus at any future time, without charge to investors (other than any fee charged for subscription
to the Internet as a whole and for on-line time). The Company hereby confirms that it has included or will include in the Prospectus filed
pursuant to EDGAR or otherwise with the Commission and in the Registration Statement at the time it was declared effective an undertaking
that, upon receipt of a request by an investor or his or her representative, the Company shall transmit or cause to be transmitted promptly,
without charge, a paper copy of the Time of Sale Prospectus.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(n)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Agreement Not to Offer or Sell Additional Shares</U>. During the period commencing on and including the date hereof and continuing
through and including the sixtieth (60<SUP>th</SUP>) day following the date of the Prospectus (such period, as extended as described below,
being referred to herein as the &ldquo;<B>Lock-up Period</B>&rdquo;), the Company will not, without the prior written consent of Goldman
Sachs and Morgan Stanley (which consent may be withheld in their sole discretion), directly or indirectly: (i) sell, offer to sell, contract
to sell or lend any Shares or Related Securities (as defined below); (ii) effect any short sale, or establish or increase any &ldquo;put
equivalent position&rdquo; (as defined in Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act) or liquidate or decrease any &ldquo;call equivalent position&rdquo;
(as defined in Rule&nbsp;16a-1(b) under the Exchange Act) of any Shares or Related Securities; (iii) pledge, hypothecate or grant any
security interest in any Shares or Related Securities; (iv)&nbsp;in any other way transfer or dispose of any Shares or Related Securities;
(v)&nbsp;enter into any swap, hedge or similar arrangement or agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic risk of ownership
of any Shares or Related Securities, regardless of whether any such transaction is to be settled in securities, in cash or otherwise;
(vi) announce the offering of any Shares or Related Securities; (vii) file any registration statement under the Securities Act in respect
of any Shares or Related Securities (other than as contemplated by this Agreement with respect to the Offered Shares); or (viii) publicly
announce the intention to do any of the foregoing; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that the Company may (A) effect the transactions contemplated
hereby; (B) issue Shares or options to purchase Shares or restricted stock units or similar equity securities, or issue Shares upon exercise
of options, restricted stock units or similar equity securities, pursuant to any stock option, stock bonus or other stock plan or arrangement
described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus or hereafter disclosed in a filing incorporated
by reference into the Registration Statement; (C) file registration statements on Form S-8 or amendments thereto; (D) issue Shares upon
conversion of convertible debt securities outstanding on the date hereof and in accordance with their terms, provided such convertible
debt securities are described in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus; (E) facilitate the establishment
of a of a trading plan on behalf of a stockholder, officer or director of the Company pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for
the transfer of Shares, <I>provided</I> that (i) such plan does not provide for the transfer of Shares during the Lock-Up Period and (ii)
to the extent a public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required of or voluntarily made by the Company regarding
the establishment of such plan, such announcement or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of Shares may be
made under such plan during the Restricted Period (F) the issuance of Shares or Related Securities in connection with any merger or acquisition
of securities, businesses, property or other assets or strategic investment (including any joint venture, strategic alliance, partnership,
equipment leasing arrangement or debt financing) (a &ldquo;Strategic Transaction&rdquo;); <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that in the
case of clause (F), (x) such Shares or Related Securities shall not in the aggregate exceed 5% of the Company&rsquo;s outstanding shares
of common stock on a fully-diluted basis after giving effect to the sale of the Offered Shares contemplated by this Agreement and (y)
the recipients thereof shall provide to the Representatives a signed Lock-Up Agreement in substantially the form of <U>Exhibit A</U> hereto;
<I>provided further</I>, that neither clause (x) nor clause (y) shall apply to Shares or Related Securities issued as contingent consideration
due upon the achievement of a certain commercial milestone in connection with the acquisition of Omniome, Inc. as described in the Registration
Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus and the Prospectus, including in the documents incorporated by reference therein. For purposes
of the foregoing, &ldquo;<B>Related Securities</B>&rdquo; shall mean any options or warrants or other rights to acquire Shares or any
securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into Shares, or to acquire other securities or rights ultimately exchangeable
or exercisable for, or convertible into, Shares.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(o)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Stabilization or Manipulation; Compliance with Regulation M</U>. The Company will not take, directly or indirectly, and will
use its reasonable best efforts to ensure that no affiliate of the Company will take, directly or indirectly, without giving effect to
activities by the Underwriters, any action designed to or that might cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of
the Shares or any reference security with respect to the Shares, whether to facilitate the sale or resale of the Offered Shares or otherwise,
and the Company will, and shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause each of its affiliates to, comply with all applicable provisions
of Regulation M.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(p)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Enforce Lock-Up Agreements</U>. During the Lock-up Period, the Company will enforce all agreements between the Company and any
of its security holders that restrict or prohibit, expressly or in operation, the offer, sale or transfer of Shares or Related Securities
or any of the other actions restricted or prohibited under the terms of the form of Lock-up Agreement. In addition, the Company will direct
the transfer agent to place stop transfer restrictions upon any such securities of the Company that are bound by such &ldquo;lock-up&rdquo;
agreements for the duration of the periods contemplated in such agreements, including, without limitation, the Lock-up Agreements entered
into by the Company&rsquo;s executive officers and directors pursuant to Section 1(uu) hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(q)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Renewal of Registration Statement</U>. If by the third anniversary (the &ldquo;<B>Renewal Deadline</B>&rdquo;) of the initial
effective date of the Registration Statement, any of the Offered Shares remain unsold by the Underwriters, the Company will file, if it
has not already done so and is eligible to do so, a new automatic shelf registration statement relating to the Offered Shares, in a form
satisfactory to the Representatives. If at the Renewal Deadline the Company is no longer eligible to file an automatic shelf registration
statement, the Company will, if it has not already done so, file a new shelf registration statement relating to the Offered Shares, in
a form satisfactory to the Representatives and will use its best efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective
within 180 days after the Renewal Deadline. The Company will take all other action necessary or appropriate to permit the public offering
and sale of the Offered Shares to continue as contemplated in the expired registration statement relating to the Offered Shares. References
in this Section 3(q) to the Registration Statement shall include such new automatic shelf registration statement or such new shelf registration
statement, as the case may be. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this paragraph shall cease to apply following the expiration or exercise
in full of the Underwriters&rsquo; option to purchase the Optional Shares hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(r)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Filing Fees</U>. The Company will pay the required Commission filing fees relating to the Offered Shares within the time required
by Rule&nbsp;456(b)(1)&nbsp;under the Securities Act without regard to the proviso therein and otherwise in accordance with Rules&nbsp;456(b)&nbsp;and
457(r)&nbsp;under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Representatives, on behalf
of the several Underwriters, may, in their sole discretion, waive in writing the performance by the Company of any one or more of the
foregoing covenants or extend the time for their performance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Payment of Expenses</U>. The Company agrees to pay all costs, fees and expenses incurred in connection with the performance
of its obligations hereunder and in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation (i) all expenses
incident to the issuance and delivery of the Offered Shares (including all printing and engraving costs), (ii) all fees and expenses of
the registrar and transfer agent of the Shares, (iii) all necessary issue, transfer and other stamp taxes in connection with the issuance
and sale of the Offered Shares to the Underwriters, (iv) all fees and expenses of the Company&rsquo;s counsel, independent public or certified
public accountants and other advisors, (v) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, printing, filing, shipping
and distribution of the Registration Statement (including financial statements, exhibits, schedules, consents and certificates of experts),
the Time of Sale Prospectus, the Prospectus, each free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of, used by, or referred to by the
Company, and each preliminary prospectus, and all amendments and supplements thereto, and this Agreement, (vi) all filing fees, attorneys&rsquo;
fees and expenses incurred by the Company or the Underwriters in connection with qualifying or registering (or obtaining exemptions from
the qualification or registration of) all or any part of the Offered Shares for offer and sale under the state securities or blue sky
laws or the provincial securities laws of Canada, and, if requested by the Representatives, preparing and printing a &ldquo;Blue Sky Survey&rdquo;
or memorandum and a &ldquo;Canadian wrapper,&rdquo; and any supplements thereto, advising the Underwriters of such qualifications, registrations
and exemptions, in an amount not to exceed $7,500; (vii) the costs, fees and expenses incurred by the Underwriters in connection with
determining their compliance with the rules and regulations of FINRA related to the Underwriters&rsquo; participation in the offering
and distribution of the Offered Shares, including any related filing fees and the legal fees of, and disbursements by, counsel to the
Underwriters, in an amount not to exceed $15,000 in the aggregate; (viii) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to investor presentations
on any Road Show, including, without limitation, expenses associated with the preparation or dissemination of any electronic road show,
expenses associated with the production of Road Show slides and graphics, fees and expenses of any consultants engaged in connection with
the Road Show presentations with the prior approval of the Company, travel and lodging expenses of the Representatives, employees and
officers of the Company and any such consultants, and in the event that the Underwriters and the Company agree to charter any aircraft
of other transportation in connection with the Road Show, 50% of the cost of such aircraft, with the remaining 50% of the cost of such
aircraft to be paid by the Underwriters, (vii) the fees and expenses associated with listing the Offered Shares on the Nasdaq, and (viii)
all other fees, costs and expenses of the nature referred to in the Registration Statement. Any such amount payable to the underwriters
may be deducted from the purchase price for the Offered Shares. Except as provided in this Section 4 or in Section 7, Section 9 or Section
10 hereof, the Underwriters shall pay their own expenses, including the fees and disbursements of their counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Covenant of the Underwriters</U>. Each Underwriter severally and not jointly covenants with the Company not to take any action
that would result in the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act a free writing
prospectus prepared by or on behalf of such Underwriter that otherwise would not, but for such actions, be required to be filed by the
Company under Rule 433(d).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Conditions of the Obligations of the Underwriters</U>. The respective obligations of the several Underwriters hereunder to purchase
and pay for the Offered Shares as provided herein on the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Shares, each Option Closing
Date, shall be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company set forth in Section 1 hereof
as of the date hereof and as of the First Closing Date as though then made and, with respect to the Optional Shares, as of each Option
Closing Date as though then made, to the timely performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder, and to each
of the following additional conditions:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Comfort Letter</U>. On the date hereof, the Representatives shall have received from Ernst &amp; Young LLP, independent registered
public accountants for the Company, a letter dated the date hereof addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance satisfactory to
the Representatives, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountant&rsquo;s &ldquo;comfort letters&rdquo;
to underwriters, delivered according to Statement of Auditing Standards No. 72 (or any successor bulletin), with respect to the audited
and unaudited financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Time of Sale Prospectus,
and each free writing prospectus, if any.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Compliance with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order; No Objection from FINRA</U>. For a period from and after the date
of this Agreement and through and including the First Closing Date and, with respect to any Optional Shares purchased after the First
Closing Date, each Option Closing Date:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company shall have filed the Prospectus with the Commission (including the information required by Rule 430B under the Securities
Act) in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act; or the Company shall have filed a post-effective
amendment to the Registration Statement containing the information required by such Rule 430B, and such post-effective amendment shall
have become effective.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement
shall be in effect, and no proceedings for such purpose shall have been instituted or threatened by the Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>FINRA shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><U>No Material Adverse Change or Ratings Agency Change</U>. For the period from and after the date of this Agreement and
through and including the First Closing Date and, with respect to any Optional Shares purchased after the First Closing Date, each Option
Closing Date, in the judgment of the Representatives, there shall not have occurred any material adverse change in the authorized capital
stock of the Company or any Material Adverse Effect or any development that would cause a Material Adverse Effect, or a downgrading in
or withdrawal of the rating assigned to any of the Company&rsquo;s securities (other than asset backed securities) by any rating organization
or a public announcement by any rating organization that it has under surveillance or review its rating of any of the Company&rsquo;s
securities (other than asset backed securities), the effect of which, in the case of any such action by a rating organization described
above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Opinion of Counsel for the Company</U>. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date the Representatives shall
have received the opinion and negative assurance letter of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich &amp; Rosati, Professional Corporation, counsel for
the Company, dated as of such date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Opinion of Counsel for the Underwriters</U>. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date the Representatives
shall have received the opinion and negative assurance letter of Cooley LLP, counsel for the Underwriters in connection with the offer
and sale of the Offered Shares, in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters, dated as of such date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Officers&rsquo; Certificate</U>. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, the Representatives shall have
received a certificate executed by the Chief Executive Officer or President of the Company and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company,
dated as of such date, to the effect set forth in Section 6(b)(ii) and further to the effect that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>for the period from and including the date of this Agreement through and including such date, there has not occurred any Material
Adverse Effect;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the representations, warranties and covenants of the Company set forth in Section&nbsp;1 of this Agreement are true and correct
with the same force and effect as though expressly made on and as of such date; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the Company has complied with all the agreements hereunder and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied
hereunder at or prior to such date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Chief Financial Officer&rsquo;s Certificate</U>. If requested by the Representatives, at the Applicable Time and on each Option
Closing Date, the Representatives shall have received a certificate executed by the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, dated as of
such date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Bring-down Comfort Letter</U>. On each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date the Representatives shall have
received from Ernst &amp; Young LLP, independent registered public accountants for the Company, a letter dated such date, in form and
substance satisfactory to the Representatives, which letter shall: (i) reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished by them pursuant
to Section 6(a), except that the specified date referred to therein for the carrying out of procedures shall be no more than three business
days prior to the First Closing Date or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be; and (ii) cover certain financial information
contained in the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Lock-Up Agreements</U>. On or prior to the date hereof, the Company shall have furnished to the Representatives an agreement
in the form of <U>Exhibit A</U> hereto from the directors and executive officers (as defined in Rule 3b-7 under the Exchange Act), and
each such agreement shall be in full force and effect on each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Rule 462(b) Registration Statement</U>. In the event that a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement is filed in connection with the
offering contemplated by this Agreement, such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement shall have been filed with the Commission on the date
of this Agreement and shall have become effective automatically upon such filing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Nasdaq</U>. The Company shall have submitted a listing of additional shares notification form to Nasdaq with respect to the
Offered Shares and shall have received no objection thereto from Nasdaq.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(k)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Additional Documents</U>. On or before each of the First Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, the Representatives and
counsel for the Underwriters shall have received such information, documents and opinions as they may reasonably request for the purposes
of enabling them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Offered Shares as contemplated herein, or in order to evidence the accuracy
of any of the representations and warranties, or the satisfaction of any of the conditions or agreements, herein contained; and all proceedings
taken by the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Offered Shares as contemplated herein and in connection with the
other transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Representatives and counsel for the
Underwriters.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If any condition specified
in this Section 6 is not satisfied when and as required to be satisfied, this Agreement may be terminated by the Representatives by notice
from the Representatives to the Company at any time on or prior to the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Shares, at
any time on or prior to the applicable Option Closing Date, which termination shall be without liability on the part of any party to any
other party, except that Section 4, Section 7, Section 9 and Section 10 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Reimbursement of Underwriters&rsquo; Expenses</U>. If this Agreement is terminated by the Representatives pursuant to Section
6, Section 11 or Section 12(i), (iv) or (v) hereof, or if the sale to the Underwriters of the Offered Shares on the First Closing Date
is not consummated because of any refusal, inability or failure on the part of the Company to perform any agreement herein or to comply
with any provision hereof, the Company agrees to reimburse the Representatives and the other Underwriters (or such Underwriters as have
terminated this Agreement with respect to themselves), severally, upon demand for all out-of-pocket expenses that shall have been reasonably
incurred by the Representatives and the Underwriters in connection with the proposed purchase and the offering and sale of the Offered
Shares, including, but not limited to, fees and disbursements of counsel, printing expenses, travel expenses, postage, facsimile and telephone
charges; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that if this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 11, the Company shall only be required
to reimburse such expenses, fees and disbursements of, or attributable to, the Underwriters that have not failed to purchase the Offered
Shares that they have agreed to purchase hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">8.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Effectiveness of this Agreement</U>. This Agreement shall become effective upon the execution and delivery hereof by the parties
hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">9.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Indemnification</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Indemnification of the Underwriters</U>. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates
and their respective partners, members, directors, officers, employees and agents, and each person, if any, who controls each Underwriter
or any affiliate within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of or based
upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto),
or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein
not misleading, or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any preliminary prospectus,
Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus, any Road Show or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the
omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent of the
aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any Governmental Authority, commenced or
threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission;
<I>provided</I> that (subject to Section 9(d) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company, which consent
shall not unreasonably be delayed or withheld; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred in investigating,
preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any Governmental Authority, commenced or threatened,
or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission (whether or
not a party), to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i)&nbsp;or (ii)&nbsp;above;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>,
that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any untrue
statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made solely in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information
(as defined below).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Indemnification of the Company, its Directors and Officers</U>. Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify
and hold harmless the Company and its directors, each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if
any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act against any and
all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in Section 9(a) as incurred, but only with respect
to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus,
the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing prospectus, any Road Show or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in
reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to such Underwriter and furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter
or Underwriters expressly for use therein. The Company hereby acknowledges that the only information that the Underwriters have furnished
to the Company expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, any free writing
prospectus, any Road Show or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) are (i) the concession and reallowance figures appearing
in the fifth paragraph under the caption &ldquo;Underwriting&rdquo; and (ii) the information concerning stabilization and the option to
purchase additional shares appearing in the first, second, fifth, sixth, eighth and ninth sentences of the ninth paragraph and (iii) the
information concerning penalty bids appearing in the first sentence of the tenth paragraph under the caption &ldquo;Underwriting&rdquo;
in the Preliminary Prospectus and Prospectus (the &ldquo;<B>Underwriter Information</B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Notifications and Other Indemnification Procedures</U>. Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under
this Section 9 will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is
to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this Section 9, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such
action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying
party from (i)&nbsp;any liability that it might have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 9 and (ii)&nbsp;any liability
that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing provision of this Section 9 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission
results in the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses by the indemnifying party. Upon request of the indemnified party, the indemnifying
party shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party that the indemnified party
may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the actual and reasonable fees and disbursements of such counsel related to such proceeding
as incurred. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the
indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written notice to the indemnified
party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying
party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after
notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be
liable to the indemnified party for any other legal expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable costs of investigation
subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense. The indemnified party will have the right to employ its
own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party
except to the extent that (1)&nbsp;the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in writing by the indemnifying
party, (2)&nbsp;the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available
to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party, (3)&nbsp;a conflict
or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying
party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified
party) or (4)&nbsp;the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action or counsel reasonably
satisfactory to the indemnified party, in each case, within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action;
in each of which cases the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying party
or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings
in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to
practice in such jurisdiction (plus local counsel) at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such fees, disbursements
and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying party promptly as they are incurred. An indemnifying party will not, in any event,
be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior
written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim,
action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this Section 9 (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto),
unless such settlement, compromise or consent (1)&nbsp;includes an express and unconditional release of each indemnified party, in form
and substance reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party, from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding
or claim and (2)&nbsp;does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of
any indemnified party.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Settlement Without Consent if Failure to Reimburse</U>. If an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to
reimburse the indemnified party for reasonable fees and expenses of counsel, such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for
any settlement of the nature contemplated by Section 9(a)(ii) effected without its written consent if (1) such settlement is entered into
more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (2) such indemnifying party shall have received notice
of the terms of such settlement at least 30 days prior to such settlement being entered into and (3) such indemnifying party shall not
have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">10.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Contribution</U>. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided
for in the foregoing paragraphs of Section 9 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable or
insufficient from the Company or the Underwriters, the Company and the Underwriters will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities,
expenses and damages (including any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid
in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claim asserted) to which the Company and the Underwriters may be subject in such
proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the
other hand. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand shall be deemed to be
in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the sale of the Offered Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company
bear to the total compensation received by the Underwriters (before deducting expenses) from the sale of Offered Shares on behalf of the
Company. If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution
shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but
also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, with respect to the statements or omission
that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable
considerations with respect to such offering. Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the
untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information
supplied by the Company or the Underwriters, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity
to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions
pursuant to this Section 10 were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into
account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim,
liability, expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section 10 shall be deemed to include, for the
purpose of this Section 10, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating
or defending any such action or claim to the extent consistent with Section 9(c) above. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of Section
9, the Underwriters shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under this Agreement and
no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled to
contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 10, any person who
controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act, any affiliates of the respective Underwriters and any officers,
directors, partners, employees or agents of the Underwriters or their respective affiliates, will have the same rights to contribution
as that party, and each director of the Company and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same
rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after
receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this
Section 10, will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not relieve
that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this Section 10 except
to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses of the party from
whom contribution is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of 9(c) hereof, no party will be liable
for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to Section
9(d) above.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">11.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Default of One or More of the Several Underwriters</U>. If, on the First Closing Date or any Option Closing Date any one or
more of the several Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Offered Shares that it or they have agreed to purchase hereunder on
such date, and the aggregate number of Offered Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to
purchase does not exceed 10% of the aggregate number of the Offered Shares to be purchased on such date, the Representatives may make
arrangements satisfactory to the Company for the purchase of such Offered Shares by other persons, including any of the Underwriters,
but if no such arrangements are made by such date, the other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally and not jointly, in the proportions
that the number of Firm Shares set forth opposite their respective names on Schedule A bears to the aggregate number of Firm Shares set
forth opposite the names of all such non-defaulting Underwriters, or in such other proportions as may be specified by the Representatives
with the consent of the non-defaulting Underwriters, to purchase the Offered Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters
agreed but failed or refused to purchase on such date. If, on the First Closing Date or any Option Closing Date any one or more of the
Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Offered Shares and the aggregate number of Offered Shares with respect to which such default
occurs exceeds 10% of the aggregate number of Offered Shares to be purchased on such date, and arrangements satisfactory to the Representatives
and the Company for the purchase of such Offered Shares are not made within 48 hours after such default, this Agreement shall terminate
without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 4, Section 7, Section 9 and Section 10 shall at
all times be effective and shall survive such termination. In any such case either the Representatives, on the one hand, or the Company,
on the other hand, shall have the right to postpone the First Closing Date or the applicable Option Closing Date, as the case may be,
but in no event for longer than seven days in order that the required changes, if any, to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus
or any other documents or arrangements may be effected.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As used in this Agreement, the
term &ldquo;<B>Underwriter</B>&rdquo; shall be deemed to include any person substituted for a defaulting Underwriter under this Section
11. Any action taken under this Section 11 shall not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such
Underwriter under this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">12.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Termination of this Agreement</U>. Prior to the purchase of the Firm Shares by the Underwriters on the First Closing Date, this
Agreement may be terminated by the Representatives by notice given to the Company if at any time: (i) trading or quotation in any of the
Company&rsquo;s securities shall have been suspended or limited by the Commission or by Nasdaq, or trading in securities generally on
either Nasdaq or the NYSE shall have been suspended or limited, or minimum or maximum prices shall have been generally established on
any of such stock exchanges; (ii) a general banking moratorium shall have been declared by any of federal, New York or California authorities;
(iii) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of national or international hostilities or any crisis or calamity, or any
change in the United States or international financial markets, or any substantial change or development involving a prospective substantial
change in United States&rsquo; or international political, financial or economic conditions, as in the judgment of the Representatives
is material and adverse and makes it impracticable to market the Offered Shares in the manner and on the terms described in the Time of
Sale Prospectus or the Prospectus or to enforce contracts for the sale of securities; (iv) in the judgment of the Representatives there
shall have occurred any material change, or any material development or event involving a prospective change, in the condition, financial
or otherwise, or in the business, properties, earnings, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries considered
as one enterprise, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business; or (v) the Company shall have sustained a loss by strike,
fire, flood, earthquake, accident or other calamity of such character as in the judgment of the Representatives may interfere materially
with the conduct of the business and operations of the Company regardless of whether or not such loss shall have been insured. Any termination
pursuant to this Section 12 shall be without liability on the part of (a) the Company to any Underwriter, except that, in the case of
Section 12(i), (iv) or (v), the Company shall be obligated to reimburse the expenses of the Representatives and the Underwriters pursuant
to Section 4 or Section 7 hereof or (b) any Underwriter to the Company; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that the provisions of Section
9 and Section 10 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">13.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Advisory or Fiduciary Relationship</U>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (a) the purchase and sale of the Offered
Shares pursuant to this Agreement, including the determination of the public offering price of the Offered Shares and any related discounts
and commissions, is an arm&rsquo;s-length commercial transaction between the Company, on the one hand, and the several Underwriters, on
the other hand, (b) in connection with the offering contemplated hereby and the process leading to such transaction, each Underwriter
is and has been acting solely as a principal and is not the agent or fiduciary of the Company, or its stockholders, or its creditors,
employees or any other party, (c) no Underwriter has assumed or will assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company
with respect to the offering contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether such Underwriter has advised
or is currently advising the Company on other matters) and no Underwriter has any obligation to the Company with respect to the offering
contemplated hereby except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement, (d) the Underwriters and their respective affiliates
may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Company, (e) the Underwriters have
not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the offering contemplated hereby and the Company has consulted
its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it deemed appropriate and (f) none of the activities of the Underwriters
in connection with the transactions contemplated herein constitutes a recommendation, investment advice, or solicitation of any action
by the Underwriters with respect to any entity or natural person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">14.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery</U>. The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties
and other statements of the Company, of its officers and of the several Underwriters set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will
remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or the Company or any of its
or their partners, officers, directors or employees or any controlling person, as the case may be, and anything herein to the contrary
notwithstanding, will survive delivery of and payment for the Offered Shares sold hereunder and any termination of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">15.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes</U>. (a) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity (as defined
below) becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime (as defined below), the transfer from such Underwriter of
this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would
be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws
of the United States or a state of the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate (as defined below) of such Underwriter becomes
subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights (as defined below) under this Agreement that may be exercised
against such Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S.
Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of this Section
15, a &ldquo;<B>BHC Act Affiliate</B>&rdquo; has the meaning assigned to the term &ldquo;affiliate&rdquo; in, and shall be interpreted
in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. &sect; 1841(k). &ldquo;<B>Covered Entity</B>&rdquo; means any of the following: (i) a &ldquo;covered entity&rdquo;
as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect; 252.82(b); (ii) a &ldquo;covered bank&rdquo; as that
term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect; 47.3(b); or (iii) a &ldquo;covered FSI&rdquo; as that term is
defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect; 382.2(b). &ldquo;<B>Default Right</B>&rdquo; has the meaning assigned
to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect;&sect; 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable. &ldquo;<B>U.S.
Special Resolution Regime</B>&rdquo; means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and
(ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">16.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Notices</U>. All communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed, hand delivered or telecopied and confirmed
to the parties hereto as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If to the Representatives:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">200 West Street</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">New York, New York&nbsp;10282-2198</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attention: Registration Department</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">and</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1585 Broadway, 29th Floor</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">New York, New York 10036</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Facsimile: (212) 507-8999</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attention: Investment Banking Division</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">and</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cowen and Company, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">599 Lexington Avenue</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">New York, New York 10022</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attention: Head of Equity Capital Markets</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Facsimile: (646) 562-1249</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">With a copy to the General Counsel</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Facsimile: (646) 562-1124</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Davis Polk &amp; Wardwell LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1600 El Camino Real</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Menlo Park, California 94025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Facsimile: (650) 752-3600</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attention: Alan F. Denenberg, Esq.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If to the Company:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1305 O&rsquo;Brien Drive</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Menlo Park, CA 94025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Facsimile: (650) 323-9420</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attention: Brett Atkins, Esq.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in; width: 40%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Wilson Sonsini Goodrich &amp; Rosati, P.C.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">650 Page Mill Road</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Palo Alto, CA 94304</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Facsimile: (650) 493-6811</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attention: Andrew Hoffman, Esq. and Zachary Myers,
    Esq.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each party to this Agreement
may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose. Each
such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i)&nbsp;when delivered personally or by verifiable facsimile transmission (with
an original to follow) on or before 4:30&nbsp;p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day or, if such day is not a Business Day, on the
next succeeding Business Day, (ii)&nbsp;on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally-recognized overnight courier and
(iii)&nbsp;on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified or registered mail, return receipt requested,
postage prepaid). For purposes of this Agreement, &ldquo;<B>Business Day</B>&rdquo; shall mean any day on which Nasdaq and commercial
banks in the City of New York are open for business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">An electronic communication
(&ldquo;<B>Electronic Notice</B>&rdquo;) shall be deemed written notice for purposes of this Section 15 if sent to the electronic mail
address specified by the receiving party under separate cover. Electronic Notice shall be deemed received at the time the party sending
Electronic Notice receives verification of receipt by the receiving party. Any party receiving Electronic Notice may request and shall
be entitled to receive the notice on paper, in a nonelectronic form (&ldquo;<B>Nonelectronic Notice</B>&rdquo;) which shall be sent to
the requesting party within ten (10) days of receipt of the written request for Nonelectronic Notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">17.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Successors and Assigns</U>. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and the Underwriters
and their respective successors and the parties referred to in Section 9 hereof. References to any of the parties contained in this Agreement
shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended
to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations
or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. No party may assign its rights or
obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other parties; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that each of
the Representatives may assign its rights and obligations hereunder to an affiliate thereof without obtaining the consent of the Company
and the other Representative.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">18.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Partial Unenforceability</U>. The invalidity or unenforceability of any section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall
not affect the validity or enforceability of any other section, paragraph or provision hereof. If any section, paragraph or provision
of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and
only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">19.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Entire Agreement; Amendment; Severability; Waiver</U>. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto
issued pursuant hereto), together with the letter agreement between the Company and the Representatives, dated as of the date hereof,
constitute the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral,
among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant
to a written instrument executed by the Company and the Underwriters. In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained herein,
or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable as written by a court of competent jurisdiction,
then such provision shall be given full force and effect to the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal and enforceable, and the
remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable term or provision was not
contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof shall
be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement. No implied waiver by a party shall arise in the absence
of a waiver in writing signed by such party. No failure or delay in exercising any right, power, or privilege hereunder shall operate
as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of
any right, power, or privilege hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">20.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><B><U>GOVERNING LAW AND TIME; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL</U>. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME.
EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL
PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">21.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><B><U>CONSENT TO JURISDICTION</U>. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE NON-EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL
COURTS SITTING IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY
TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING, ANY CLAIM
THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT
FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS
AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF (CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN
RECEIPT REQUESTED) TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES THAT SUCH SERVICE SHALL CONSTITUTE
GOOD AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE
PROCESS IN ANY MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">22.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Counterparts</U>. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but
all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument, and may be delivered by facsimile transmission or by electronic delivery
of a portable document format (PDF) file (including any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic
Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">23.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Construction</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the section and exhibit&nbsp;headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>words defined in the singular shall have a comparable meaning when used in the plural, and vice versa;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the words &ldquo;hereof,&rdquo; &ldquo;hereto,&rdquo; &ldquo;herein&rdquo; and &ldquo;hereunder&rdquo; and words of similar import,
when used in this Agreement, shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>wherever the word &ldquo;include,&rdquo; &ldquo;includes&rdquo; or &ldquo;including&rdquo; is used in this Agreement, it shall
be deemed to be followed by the words &ldquo;without limitation&rdquo;;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>references herein to any gender shall include each other gender;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>references herein to any law, statute, ordinance, code, regulation, rule or other requirement of any Governmental Authority shall
be deemed to refer to such law, statute, ordinance, code, regulation, rule or other requirement of any Governmental Authority as amended,
reenacted, supplemented or superseded in whole or in part and in effect from time to time and also to all rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>if the last day for the giving of any notice or the performance of any act required or permitted under this Agreement is a day
that is not a Business Day, then the time for the giving of such notice or the performance of such action shall be extended to the next
succeeding Business Day; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>&ldquo;<B>knowledge</B>&rdquo; means, as it pertains to the Company, the actual knowledge of the executive officers and directors
of the Company after reasonable inquiry by such persons into the relevant subject matter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>&ldquo;<B>Governmental Authority</B>&rdquo; means: (i) any federal, provincial, state, local, municipal, national or international
government or governmental authority, regulatory or administrative agency, governmental commission, department, board, bureau, agency
or instrumentality, court, tribunal, arbitrator or arbitral body (public or private); (ii) any self-regulatory organization; or (iii)
any political subdivision of any of the foregoing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">24.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>General Provisions</U>. Each of the parties hereto acknowledges that it is a sophisticated business person who was adequately
represented by counsel during negotiations regarding the provisions hereof, including, without limitation, the indemnification provisions
of Section 9 and the contribution provisions of Section 10, and is fully informed regarding said provisions. Each of the parties hereto
further acknowledges that the provisions of Section 9 and Section 10 hereof fairly allocate the risks in light of the ability of the parties
to investigate the Company, its affairs and its business in order to assure that adequate disclosure has been made in the Registration
Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Time of Sale Prospectus, each free writing prospectus and the Prospectus (and any amendments
and supplements to the foregoing), as contemplated by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">[<I>Signature Page Follows</I>]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the foregoing correctly
sets forth the understanding between the Company and the Underwriters, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose,
whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and the Underwriters.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">COMPANY:</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES OF CALIFORNIA, INC. &nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="width: 4%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 46%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Christian
Henry</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name: Christian Henry</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: &nbsp;&nbsp;Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 225pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Signature
Page to Underwriting Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 225pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 225pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 225pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ACCEPTED as of the date first-above
    written:</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Goldman Sachs &amp;
    Co. LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">MORGAN STANLEY &amp; CO. LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">COWEN AND COMPANY, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: -0.375in; padding-left: 0.375in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Acting severally on behalf of themselves and the
    several Underwriters named in Schedule A hereto.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Goldman Sachs &amp;
    Co. LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By: </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 46%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Danielle Freeman</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name: Danielle Freeman</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: &nbsp;&nbsp;Managing Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">MORGAN STANLEY &amp; CO. LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Anthony Yu</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name: Anthony Yu</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: &nbsp;&nbsp;Executive Director</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">COWEN AND COMPANY, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By: </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Michael Campbell</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name: Michael Campbell</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: &nbsp;&nbsp;Managing Director, Equity Capital
    Markets</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps"><B>Signature
Page to Underwriting Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">SCHEDULE A</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Underwriters</B> &nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Number of<BR>
 Firm Shares<BR>
 to be Purchased</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
<TD STYLE="width: 86%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="width: 10%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6,125,000</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5,250,000</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cowen and Company, LLC &#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">3,500,000</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Allen &amp; Company LLC &#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">2,625,000</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-indent: -0.5in; padding-left: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Total&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">17,500,000</FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">SCHEDULE B</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B><U>Free Writing Prospectuses
Included in the Time of Sale Prospectus</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>None.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Schedule
C</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B><U>Pricing Information</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Firm Shares: 17,500,000</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Optional Shares: 2,625,000</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Price to Public: $10.00</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Underwriters&rsquo; Discount:
$0.5750</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Exhibit
A</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>Form of Lock-up Agreement</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>Lock-Up Agreement</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4in 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4in 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4in 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Cowen and Company, LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4in 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">c/o</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">200 West Street</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">New York, NY 10282</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">c/o</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC<BR>
1585 Broadway<BR>
New York, NY 10036</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">c/o Cowen and
Company, LLC<BR>
599 Lexington Avenue<BR>
New York, NY 10022</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Re: Proposed Registered Follow-On Offering
by Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The undersigned, an officer
and/or a director of Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), understands that
Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC (&ldquo;<U>Goldman Sachs</U>&rdquo;), Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC (&ldquo;<U>Morgan Stanley</U>&rdquo;) and
Cowen and Company, LLC (&ldquo;<U>Cowen</U>&rdquo;) propose to enter into an Underwriting Agreement (the &ldquo;<U>Underwriting Agreement</U>&rdquo;)
with the Company relating to the proposed registered follow-on offering (the &ldquo;<U>Offering</U>&rdquo;) of shares of the Company&rsquo;s
common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;<U>Common Stock</U>&rdquo;). The undersigned acknowledges that Goldman Sachs, Morgan
Stanley and Cowen are relying on the representations and agreements of the undersigned contained in this lock-up agreement (this &ldquo;<U>Lock-Up
Agreement</U>&rdquo;) in conducting the Offering and, at a subsequent date, in entering into the Underwriting Agreement and other underwriting
arrangements with the Company with respect to the Offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In recognition of the benefit
that the Offering will confer upon the undersigned as an officer and/or a director of the Company, and for other good and valuable consideration,
the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees that, during the period beginning on the date hereof
and continuing to and including the date that is sixty (60) days from the date of the Underwriting Agreement (the &ldquo;<U>Lock-Up Period</U>&rdquo;),
the undersigned will not, and will cause any Immediate Family member (as defined below) not to, without the prior written consent of Goldman
Sachs and Morgan Stanley, which may withhold their consent in their sole discretion, directly or indirectly, (i) offer, sell, contract
to sell, pledge, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, lend or otherwise transfer or
dispose of any shares of Common Stock, or any options or warrants to purchase any shares of Common Stock, or any securities convertible
into, exchangeable for or that represent the right to receive shares of Common Stock (such shares of Common Stock, options, rights, warrants
or other securities, collectively, &ldquo;<U>Lock-Up Securities</U>&rdquo;), including without limitation any such Lock-Up Securities
now owned or hereafter acquired by the undersigned, (ii) engage in any hedging or other transaction or arrangement (including, without
limitation, any short sale or the purchase or sale of, or entry into, any put or call option, or combination thereof, forward, swap or
any other derivative transaction or instrument, however described or defined) which is designed to or which reasonably could be expected
to lead to or result in a sale, loan, pledge or other disposition (whether by the undersigned or someone other than the undersigned),
or transfer of any of the economic consequences of ownership, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, of any Lock-Up Securities,
whether any such transaction or arrangement (or instrument provided for thereunder) would be settled by delivery of shares of Common Stock
or other securities, in cash or otherwise (any such sale, loan, pledge or other disposition, or transfer of economic consequences, a &ldquo;<U>Transfer</U>&rdquo;),
(iii)&nbsp;make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any Lock-Up Securities or (iv) otherwise publicly
announce any intention to engage in or cause any action, activity, transaction or arrangement described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above.
The undersigned represents and warrants that the undersigned is not, and has not caused or directed any of its affiliates to be or become,
currently a party to any agreement or arrangement that provides for, is designed to or reasonably could be expected to lead to or result
in any Transfer during the Lock-Up Period, other than as would be permitted hereunder (including, without limitation, pursuant to any
10b5-1 Plan (as defined below)).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding the foregoing,
and subject to the conditions below, the undersigned may transfer the Lock-Up Securities pursuant to clauses (i)&nbsp;through (x)&nbsp;below
without the prior written consent of Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42.5pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 29.5pt">(i)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">transfers as a bona fide gift or gifts, including as a charitable contribution, or for bona fide estate planning
purposes;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -29.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42.5pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 29.5pt">(ii)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">transfers to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or an Immediate Family member
of the undersigned (for purposes of this Lock-Up Agreement, &ldquo;<U>Immediate Family member</U>&rdquo; shall mean the spouse, domestic
partner, lineal descendant, parent, stepparent, sibling, stepsibling, uncle, aunt, niece, nephew, first cousin, or any other person with
whom the undersigned has a relationship by blood, marriage or adoption not more remote than first cousin);</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -29.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42.5pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 29.5pt">(iii)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">transfers made by operation of law, including pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with
a divorce settlement or any other court order;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -29.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42.5pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 29.5pt">(iv)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">transfers by will or intestate succession to the legal representative, heir, beneficiary or immediate family
of the undersigned upon the death of the undersigned;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42.5pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 29.5pt">(v)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">transfers of shares of Common Stock acquired in open market transactions after the Offering;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42.5pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 29.5pt">(vi)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the exercise of options, warrants or other rights to acquire shares of Common Stock outstanding on the date
hereof in accordance with their terms, provided that any such shares of Common Stock issued upon exercise, exchange or conversion of such
options, warrants or other rights shall be deemed Lock-up Securities and continue to be subject to the restrictions set forth herein;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42.5pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 29.5pt">(vii)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">transfers to the Company pursuant to any agreement under which the Company has the option to repurchase shares
of Common Stock or a right of first refusal with respect to transfers of shares of Common Stock upon termination of service of the undersigned;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42.5pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 29.5pt">(viii)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">(A) transfers to the Company in connection with the vesting or settlement of restricted stock units (&ldquo;RSUs&rdquo;)
or the &ldquo;net&rdquo; or &ldquo;cashless&rdquo; exercise of options or other rights to purchase shares of Common Stock for purposes
of exercising such options or rights, including any transfer to the Company necessary for the payment or satisfaction of tax obligations
and/or remittance payments resulting from the vesting, settlement, or exercise of such RSUs, options or rights and (B) any &ldquo;sell-to-cover&rdquo;
transaction involving a sale of any shares of Common Stock in connection with such vesting, settlement, or exercise to cover payment of
the applicable exercise price, tax obligations, or remittance payments (including estimated amounts) due upon such event; provided that,
in the case of clauses (A) and (B), such RSUs, options or rights have been granted pursuant to employee benefit plans disclosed in the
final prospectus supplement (or any documents incorporated by reference therein) used to sell shares of Common Stock in the Offering;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42.5pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 29.5pt">(ix)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">transfers pursuant to a bona fide third-party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction
made to all holders of Common Stock involving a &ldquo;Change of Control&rdquo; of the Company;&nbsp;<I>provided</I>&nbsp;that in the
event that the tender offer, merger, consolidation or other such transaction is not completed, the Lock-Up Securities owned by the undersigned
shall continue to be subject to the restrictions set forth herein; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 42.5pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 29.5pt">(x)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">transfers of shares of Common Stock pursuant to a written plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 (a
 &ldquo;<U>10b5-1 Plan</U>&rdquo;) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo;) in effect
as of the date hereof, so long as any public filing required under the Exchange Act specifies that the sale or transfer was made pursuant
to such existing plan.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 45pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt">(1)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">with respect to (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) above, prior to any such transfer, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley
and Cowen shall receive a signed lock-up agreement, substantially in the form of this Lock-Up Agreement, for the balance of the Lock-Up
Period from each donee, trustee, distributee or transferee, as the case may be, and such transfer shall not involve a disposition for
value;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 45pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt">(2)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">with respect to (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) above, prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period, no public
disclosure or filing under the Exchange Act by any party to the transfer (donor, done, transferor or transferee) shall be required, or
made voluntarily, reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of Common Stock in connection with such transfer;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 45pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt">(3)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">with respect to (viii) above, if the undersigned is required to make a public disclosure or filing under
the Exchange Act reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of Common Stock during the Lock-Up Period, the undersigned shall include
a statement in such report to the effect that the purpose of such transfer was to cover tax obligations of the undersigned in connection
with such exercise or vesting; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 45pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 27pt">(4)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">with respect to (ix) above, &ldquo;<U>Change of Control</U>&rdquo; shall mean the consummation of any bona
fide third party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction the result of which is that any &ldquo;person&rdquo;
(as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), or group of persons, other than the Company, becomes the beneficial owner (as defined
in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 of the Exchange Act) of more than 50% of the total voting power of the stock of the Company.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, the undersigned
may establish, amend or modify a 10b5-1 Plan; <I>provided</I>, that (A) such 10b5-1 Plan does not provide for the transfer of the undersigned&rsquo;s
Common Stock during the Lock-Up Period and (B) to the extent a public disclosure or filing under the Exchange Act, if any, is required
of or voluntarily made by or on behalf of the undersigned or the Company regarding the establishment, amendment or modification of such
10b5-1 Plan, such disclosure or filing shall include a statement to the effect that no transfer of Common Stock may be made under such
10b5-1 Plan during the Lock-Up Period;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, notwithstanding
the foregoing, if the undersigned is a non-natural person, the undersigned may transfer the undersigned&rsquo;s Lock-Up Securities to
(A) any wholly-owned subsidiary of the undersigned or to the parent entity of the undersigned, (B) limited partners, members or stockholders
of the undersigned and (C) any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, investment fund or other entity controlled or managed,
or under common control or management by the undersigned or an Immediate Family Member of the undersigned;&nbsp;<I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>,
that in any such case, it shall be a condition to the transfer that (X) the transferee execute an agreement stating that the transferee
is receiving and holding such Lock-Up Securities subject to the provisions set forth in this letter agreement and there shall be no further
transfer of such Lock-Up Securities except in accordance with this letter agreement, (Y) in no case shall a public filing under the Exchange
Act by any party to the transfer (donor, donee, transferor or transferee) be required, or made voluntarily, reporting a reduction in beneficial
ownership of Shares in connection with such transfer and (Z) any such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 48 -->
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The undersigned further agrees
that the foregoing provisions shall be equally applicable to any issuer-directed or other shares of Common Stock the undersigned may purchase
or otherwise receive in the Offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The undersigned now has, and,
except as contemplated by the third and fifth paragraphs of this Lock-Up Agreement, for the duration of this Lock-Up Agreement will have,
good and marketable title to the undersigned&rsquo;s Lock-Up Securities, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and claims whatsoever.
The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company&rsquo;s transfer agent and registrar
against the transfer of the Lock-Up Securities except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">With respect to the Offering
only, the undersigned waives any registration rights relating to registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of any shares
of Common Stock and/or any options or warrants or other rights to acquire shares of Common Stock or any securities exchangeable or exercisable
for or convertible into shares of Common Stock, or to acquire other securities or rights ultimately exchangeable or exercisable for or
convertible into shares of Common Stock, owned either of record or beneficially by the undersigned, including any rights to receive notice
of the Offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The undersigned confirms that
the undersigned has not, and has no knowledge that any Immediate Family member has, directly or indirectly, taken any action designed
to or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company
to facilitate the sale of the shares of Common Stock. The undersigned will not, and will cause any Immediate Family member not to take,
directly or indirectly, any such action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The undersigned represents
and warrants that the undersigned has full power, capacity and authority to enter into this letter agreement. This letter agreement is
irrevocable and will be binding on the undersigned and the successors, heirs, personal representatives and assigns of the undersigned.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The undersigned acknowledges
and agrees that the underwriters for the Offering (the &ldquo;<U>Underwriters</U>&rdquo;) have not provided any recommendation or investment
or other advice nor have the Underwriters solicited any action from the undersigned with respect to the Offering, this Lock-Up Agreement
or the subject matter hereof, and the undersigned has consulted its own legal, accounting, financial, regulatory and tax advisors to the
extent deemed appropriate. The undersigned further acknowledges and agrees that, although the Underwriters may provide certain Regulation
Best Interest and Form CRS disclosures or other related documentation to you in connection with the Offering, the Underwriters are not
making a recommendation to&nbsp;you to participate in the Offering, to enter into this Lock-Up Agreement or to transfer, sell or dispose
of, or to refrain from transferring, selling or disposing of, any shares of Common Stock, and nothing set forth in such disclosures or
documentation is intended to suggest that any Underwriter is making such a recommendation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Lock-Up Agreement shall
be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to principles of conflict of laws that
would result in the application of any law other than the laws of the State of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Lock-Up Agreement may
be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000,
e.g., www.docusign.com or www.echosign.com) or other transmission method, and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been
duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Whether or not the Offering
actually occurs depends on a number of factors, including market conditions. Any Offering will only be made pursuant to an Underwriting
Agreement, the terms of which are subject to negotiation between the Company on the one hand and Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Cowen
on the other hand.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Lock-Up Agreement shall
automatically terminate, and the undersigned shall be released from its obligations hereunder, upon the earliest to occur, if any, of
(i)&nbsp;the Company advising Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Cowen in writing, prior to the execution of the Underwriting Agreement,
that it has determined not to proceed with the Offering, (ii)&nbsp;the executed Underwriting Agreement being terminated prior to the closing
of the Offering (other than the provisions thereof that survive termination), and (iii) February 28, 2023, in the event that the Underwriting
Agreement has not been executed by such date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[<I>Signature Page Follows</I>]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Very truly yours,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in; text-align: justify"><B>IF A NATURAL PERSON:</B></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in; text-align: justify"><B>IF AN ENTITY:</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">By:</TD>
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 0.15in"></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 0.15in"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in"><I>(duly authorized signature)</I></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in"><I>(please print complete name of entity)</I></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in; width: 5%">Name:</TD>
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 0.15in; width: 44%"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in; width: 5%">By:</TD>
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 0.15in; width: 44%"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in"><I>(please print full name)</I></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in"><I>(duly authorized signature)</I></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">Name:</TD>
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 0.15in"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in"><I>(please print full name) </I>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">Title:</TD>
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 0.15in"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in"><I>(please print full title)</I></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">Address: </TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">Address:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.15in">E-mail:</TD>
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 0.15in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.15in; text-align: justify">E-mail:</TD>
<TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 0.15in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>EXHIBIT B</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>Parties to Lock-up Agreement</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">John F. Milligan</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Christian Henry</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">David Botstein</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Hannah Valantine</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Kathy Ordo&ntilde;ez</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Lucy Shapiro</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Marshall L. Mohr</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Randy Livingston</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Bill Ericson</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Susan Kim</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Michele Farmer</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Mark Van Oene</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Jeff Eidel</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"></P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm234462d1_ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B></B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 65%; padding-top: 6pt; font-size: 10pt; color: #003D4C"><IMG SRC="tm234462d1_ex5-1img001.jpg" ALT=""><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #003d4c"></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 35%">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; color: #003d4c; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Wilson Sonsini Goodrich &amp; Rosati<BR>
    Professional Corporation</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; color: #003d4c; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; color: #003d4c; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">12235 El Camino Real<BR>
    San Diego, California 92130-3002</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; color: #003d4c; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; color: #003d4c; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">o</FONT>:
858.350.2300<BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-variant: small-caps">f</FONT>: 858.350.2399&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">January 24, 2023</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc.<BR>
1305 O&rsquo;Brien Drive<BR>
Menlo Park, California 94025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"><B>Re:</B></TD><TD><B>Registration Statement on Form S-3</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have acted as counsel to Pacific Biosciences
of California, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;), in connection with the filing by the Company with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B>Commission</B>&rdquo;) of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-249999)
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Registration Statement</B>&rdquo;), which was immediately effective upon its
filing on November 10, 2020, the prospectus contained within the Registration Statement (the &ldquo;<B>Base Prospectus</B>&rdquo;), and
the prospectus supplement to the Registration Statement dated January 24, 2023 (the &ldquo;<B>Prospectus Supplement</B>&rdquo; and together
with the Base Prospectus, the &ldquo;<B>Prospectus</B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Prospectus Supplement relates to the offering
of the Company of up to 20,125,000 shares of its common stock $0.001 par value per share (the &ldquo;<B>Shares</B>&rdquo;) pursuant to
that certain underwriting agreement, dated January 24, 2023, by and among the Company and Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC, Morgan Stanley
 &amp; Co. LLC and Cowen and Company, LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (the &ldquo;<B>Underwriting Agreement</B>&rdquo;).
The Shares include an option granted to the underwriters of the offering to purchase 2,625,000 shares of common stock of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have examined copies of the Registration Statement,
together with the documents incorporated by reference therein, and the Prospectus. In addition, we have examined originals or copies,
certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such other instruments, documents, certificates and records which we have deemed
relevant and necessary for the basis of our opinion hereinafter expressed. In such examination, we have assumed: (i) the authenticity
of original documents and the genuineness of all signatures; (ii) the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to us as
copies; (iii) the truth, accuracy and completeness of the information, representations and warranties contained in the instruments, documents,
certificates and records we have reviewed; (iv) that the Underwriting Agreement has been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered
by the parties thereto (other than the Company); (v) that the Shares will be issued and sold in compliance with applicable U.S. federal
and state securities laws and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; and (vi) the legal capacity of all
natural persons.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Based on and subject to the foregoing, we are of
the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized by the Company and, when issued and delivered by the Company against payment therefor
in accordance with the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: #003d4c; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">austin&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
beijing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 boston &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
BOULDER &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
brussels &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
hong kong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
london &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
los angeles &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
new york &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
palo alto</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #003d4c; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><BR>
SALT LAKE CITY &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
san diego &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
san francisco &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
seattle&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 shanghai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
washington, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
dc wilmington, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
de</P>

<P STYLE="color: #003d4c; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="tm234462d1_ex5-1img002.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">January 24, 2023</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Page </FONT>2</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We express no opinion herein as to the laws of
any state or jurisdiction other than the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (including the statutory provisions and all
applicable judicial decisions interpreting those laws) and the federal laws of the United States of America.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We express no opinion as to (i) the effect of any
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting
the rights of creditors generally, (ii) rights to indemnification and contribution which may be limited by applicable law or equitable
principles, or (iii) the effect of general principles of equity, including, without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness,
good faith and fair dealing, the effect of judicial discretion and the possible unavailability of specific performance, injunctive relief
or other equitable relief, and the limitations on rights of acceleration, whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion
as an exhibit to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on or about the date hereof for incorporation by reference into
the Registration Statement and to the use of our name wherever it appears in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and in any amendment
or supplement thereto. In giving such consent, we do not believe that we are &ldquo;experts&rdquo; within the meaning of such term as
used in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations of the Commission issued thereunder with respect to any part
of the Registration Statement, including this opinion as an exhibit or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 58%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 42%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">WILSON SONSINI GOODRICH &amp; ROSATI</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Professional Corporation</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Wilson Sonsini Goodrich &amp; Rosati, P.C.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

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<TYPE>EX-99.1
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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><IMG SRC="tm234462d1_ex99-1img001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. Announces
Pricing of Upsized Public Offering of Common Stock</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">MENLO PARK, CA, January 24, 2023, Pacific Biosciences of California,
Inc. (Nasdaq: PACB) (&ldquo;PacBio&rdquo;) today announced that it has priced its previously announced underwritten public offering of
17,500,000 shares of its common stock at a price to the public of $10.00 per share. PacBio has granted the underwriters a 30-day option
to purchase up to an additional 2,625,000 shares of its common stock at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions.
All of the shares are to be sold by PacBio. Before deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by PacBio,
PacBio expects to receive gross proceeds of approximately $175.0 million, assuming no exercise of the underwriters&rsquo; option to purchase
additional shares. The offering is expected to close on or about January&nbsp;27, 2023 subject to satisfaction of customary closing conditions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC, Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC, Cowen and
Company, LLC and Allen &amp; Company LLC are acting as Joint Book Running managers for the offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">PacBio intends to use the net proceeds from the offering for research
and development, commercial infrastructure expansion and working capital and general corporate purposes. PacBio may also use a portion
of the net proceeds from this offering to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, technologies, product candidates or other intellectual
property, although it has no present commitments or agreements to do so.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">PacBio filed a shelf registration statement relating to the shares
of common stock with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) on November 10, 2020, which became automatically effective
upon filing and has filed a <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">preliminary prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus relating
to the offering with the SEC on </FONT>January 24, 2023<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">.</FONT> A final prospectus supplement and
accompanying prospectus relating to the offering will also be filed with the SEC and will be available on the SEC&rsquo;s website. When
available, copies of the final prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus may be obtained from:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC, Attention: Prospectus Department, 200
West Street, New York, New York 10282, telephone: (866) 471-2526, facsimile: 212-902-9316 or by emailing prospectus-ny@ny.email.gs.com;
Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC, Attention: Prospectus Department, 180 Varick Street, 2nd Floor, New York, New York 10014, telephone: (866)
718-1649 or by emailing prospectus@morganstanley.com; or Cowen and Company, LLC, 599 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10022, telephone:
(833) 297-2926 or by emailing Prospectus_ECM@cowen.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation
of an offer to buy these securities, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or other jurisdiction in which such
offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or other
jurisdiction. Any offer, if at all, will be made only by means of the prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Page 2 of 2</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>About PacBio </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. (NASDAQ: PACB) is a premier
life science technology company that is designing, developing, and manufacturing advanced sequencing solutions to help scientists and
clinical researchers resolve genetically complex problems.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Forward-Looking Statements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #333333"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">This press release contains forward-looking statements
within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to
differ materially, including, but not limited to, whether or not PacBio will be able to consummate the offering of common stock described
herein, including due to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions and prevailing market conditions, the anticipated use of the
proceeds of the offering which could change as a result of market conditions or for other reasons, and the impact of general economic,
industry or political conditions in the United States or internationally. Additional risks and uncertainties relating to the proposed
offering, PacBio and its business can be found under the heading &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in PacBio&rsquo;s most recent current, quarterly
and annual reports filed with the SEC and in the preliminary prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus relating to the offering
to be filed with the SEC. PacBio assumes no duty or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements except as required
by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Contact:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">Investors: Todd Friedman</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">650.521.8450<BR>
<U>ir@pacb.com</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">###</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>pacb-20230124_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.22.4</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140193711223504">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 24, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jan. 24,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-34899<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001299130<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">16-1590339<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">1305 O&#8217;Brien Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Menlo Park<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">94025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">650<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">521-8000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common
    Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">PACB<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
