Provisions



	Rationalization and redundancy		Employee benefits		Environmental provisions		Total
	$M		$M		$M		$M
At January 1, 2016	2.6		1.5		1.2		5.3
Charged to consolidated income statement	1.4		—		—		1.4
Credited to consolidated income statement	(0.2	)	(0.4	)	—		(0.6	)
Cash payments	(3.0	)	—		(0.3	)	(3.3	)
Translation	—		—		(0.2	)	(0.2	)
At December 31, 2016	0.8		1.1		0.7		2.6
Charged to consolidated income statement	4.3		0.5		0.4		5.2
Credited to consolidated income statement	—		—		(0.4	)	(0.4	)
Cash payments	(3.0	)	(0.5	)	—		(3.5	)
At December 31, 2017	2.1		1.1		0.7		3.9

At December 31, 2017
Included in current liabilities	2.1		—		0.7		2.8
Included in non-current liabilities	—		1.1		—		1.1
	2.1		1.1		0.7		3.9
At December 31, 2016
Included in current liabilities	0.8		—		0.7		1.5
Included in non-current liabilities	—		1.1		—		1.1
	0.8		1.1		0.7		2.6

Rationalization and redundancy

At December 31, 2017, the Group had $2.1 million of provisions relating to redundancy and the rationalization of its operations (2016: $0.8 million). $1.3 million (2016: $0.3 million) and $0.8 million (2016: $0.5 million) of this provision in 2017 related to the Elektron and Gas Cylinders divisions respectively. Of the $1.3 million within the Elektron division, $0.6 million related to an onerous contract and $0.5 million to the rationalization of its Magtech operations.

Employee benefits

At December 31, 2017, the Group had $1.1 million of employee benefit liabilities (in addition to retirement benefits), as calculated on an actuarial basis, relating to a provision for workers' compensation in the U.S. (2016: $1.1 million).

Environmental provisions

At December 31, 2017, the Group had environmental provisions totaling $0.7 million relating to environmental clean-up costs (2016: $0.7 million). $0.4 million relates to a provision for disbursement of environmental liabilities as part of the acquisition of the trade and assets of the Specialty Metals business of ESM Group Inc., $0.2 million relates to work required at the U.K. Elektron division site and $0.1 million relates to work required at a Elektron business in the U.S. acquired during 2014.