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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Nature of Business, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Nature of Business The Company operates in three reportable segments: specialty metals flat products, carbon flat products, and tubular and pipe products. The specialty metals flat products segment and the carbon flat products segment are at times consolidated and referred to as the flat products segments. Certain of the flat products segments’ assets and resources are shared by the specialty metals and carbon flat products segments, and both segments’ products are stored in the shared facilities and, in some locations, processed on shared equipment. Due to the shared assets and resources, certain of the flat products segment expenses are allocated between the specialty metals flat products segment and the carbon flat products segment based upon an established allocation methodology. The specialty metals flat products segment sells and distributes processed aluminum and stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil products, flat bar products and fabricated parts. Through the acquisition of Action Stainless & Alloys, Inc. (Action Stainless) on December 14, 2020, the specialty metals flat products segment expanded its geographic footprint and enhanced its product offerings in stainless steel and aluminum plate, sheet, angles, rounds, flat bar, tubing and pipe. Action Stainless offers a range of processing capabilities, including plasma, laser and waterjet cutting and computer numerical control (CNC) machining. On October 1, 2021, the Company acquired all of the net assets of Shaw Stainless & Alloy, Inc. (Shaw), based in Powder Springs, Georgia. Shaw is a full-line distributor of stainless steel sheet, pipe, tube, bar and angles. Shaw also manufactures and distributes stainless steel bollards and water treatment systems. The acquisition includes Shaw's stainless-steel distribution and fabrication businesses as well as its architectural and barrier defense businesses. The carbon flat products segment sells and distributes large volumes of processed carbon and coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products, and fabricated parts. Through the acquisitions of McCullough Industries (McCullough) and certain assets related to the manufacturing of the EZ Dumper® hydraulic dump inserts (EZ Dumper) in 2019, the carbon flat products segment expanded its product offerings to include self-dumping metal hoppers and steel and stainless-steel dump inserts for pickup truck and service truck beds. On September 17, 2021, the Company sold substantially all of the assets related to its Detroit operation. The Detroit operation was primarily focused on the distribution of carbon flat-rolled steel to domestic automotive manufacturers and their suppliers. The tubular and pipe products segment, which consists of the Chicago Tube and Iron subsidiary (CTI), distributes metal tubing, pipe, bar, valves and fittings and fabricates pressure parts supplied to various industrial markets. Corporate expenses are reported as a separate line item for segment reporting purposes. Corporate expenses include the unallocated expenses related to managing the entire Company (i.e., all three segments), including payroll expenses for certain personnel, expenses related to being a publicly traded entity such as board of directors’ expenses, audit expenses, and various other professional fees. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization classified the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic. The Company continues to be an essential business and has remained open in all locations throughout 2021, adhering to all health guidelines to operate safely provided by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and local authorities. The Company has implemented actions to maintain its financial health and liquidity and through these actions has maintained sales volumes in 2021 which are close to pre-pandemic levels. The Company continues to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business. However, as a result of the many uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company is unable to predict the impact that it ultimately will have on its financial condition, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows.
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared from the financial records of Olympic Steel, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, Olympic or the Company), after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions.
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Accounting Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Concentration Risks The Company is a major customer of flat-rolled coil and plate and tubular and pipe steel for many of its principal suppliers, but is not dependent on any one supplier. The Company purchased approximately 51%, 56% and 57% of its total steel requirements from its three largest suppliers in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company has a diversified customer and geographic base, which reduces the inherent risk and cyclicality of its business. The concentration of net sales to the Company’s top 20 customers approximated 23%, 25% and 29% of consolidated net sales in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In addition, the Company’s largest customer accounted for approximately 2%, 2% and 5% of consolidated net sales in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Sales to industrial machinery and equipment manufacturers and their fabricators accounted for 47%, 45% and 46% of consolidated net sales in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents consist of short-term highly liquid investments, with a three month or less maturity, which are readily convertible into cash. The Company maintains cash levels in bank accounts that, at times, may exceed federally-insured limits. The Company have not experienced significant loss, and believe we are not exposed to significant risk of loss, in these accounts.
Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Fair Market Value Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. To measure fair value, the Company applies a fair value hierarchy that is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, as follows: Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Financial instruments, such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and the credit facility, are stated at their carrying value, which is a reasonable estimate of fair value. The fair value of marketable securities is based on quoted market prices.
Accounts Receivable [Policy Text Block] | Allowance for Credit Losses The Company’s allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level considered appropriate based on historical experience and specific customer collection issues that the Company has identified. Estimations are based upon the application of a historical collection rate to the outstanding accounts receivable balance, which remains fairly level from year to year, and judgments about the probable effects of economic conditions on certain customers, which can fluctuate significantly from year to year. The Company cannot guarantee that the rate of future credit losses will be similar to past experience. The Company considers all available information when assessing the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses each quarter.
Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Inventory Valuation Non-last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventories are stated at the lower of its cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. LIFO inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Market is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonable predictable costs of completion. Inventory costs include the costs of the purchased metals, inbound freight, external and internal processing and applicable labor and overhead costs. Costs of the Company’s specialty metals and carbon flat products segments’ inventories, including flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products are determined using the specific identification method. Certain of the Company’s tubular and pipe products inventory is stated under the LIFO method. At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, approximately $55.4 million, or 11.4% of consolidated inventory, and $50.3 million, or 21.0% of consolidated inventory, respectively, was reported under the LIFO method of accounting. The cost of the remainder of tubular and pipe product segment’s inventory is determined using a weighted average rolling first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. On the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), “Cost of materials sold (exclusive of items shown separately below)” consists of the cost of purchased metals, inbound and internal transfer freight, external processing costs, and LIFO income or expense.
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Property and Equipment, and Depreciation Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from two to 30 years. The Company capitalizes the costs of obtaining or developing internal-use software, including directly related payroll costs. The Company amortizes those costs over five years, beginning when the software is ready for its intended use.
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Including Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Intangible Assets and Recoverability of Long-lived Assets The Company performs an annual impairment test of indefinite-lived intangible assets in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if changes in circumstances or the occurrence of events indicate potential impairment. Events or changes in circumstances that could trigger an impairment review include significant nonperformance relative to the expected historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of the use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the overall business or significant negative industry or economic trends. Management uses judgment to determine whether to use a qualitative analysis or a quantitative fair value measurement for each of the Company’s reporting units that carry intangible assets. If a quantitative fair value measurement is used, the fair value of each indefinite-lived intangible asset is compared to its carrying value and an impairment charge is recorded if the carrying value exceeds the fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets using a discounted cash flow methodology. Management’s assumptions used for the calculations are based on historical results, projected financial information and recent economic events. Actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, which could adversely affect the reported value of intangible assets. The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets and the related estimated remaining lives whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Events or changes in circumstances that could trigger an impairment review include significant underperformance relative to the expected historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of the use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the overall business or significant negative industry or economic trends. The Company records an impairment or change in useful life whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable or the useful life has changed.
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Income Taxes The Company records, as an offset to the estimated effect of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts in its consolidated balance sheets, the tax effect of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. If the Company determines that it will not be able to fully realize a deferred tax asset, it will record a valuation allowance to reduce such deferred tax asset to its realizable value. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Penalties, if incurred, would be recognized as a component of administrative and general expense. The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. The Company had no material unrecognized tax benefits as of or during the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company expects no significant increases or decrease in unrecognized tax benefits due to changes in tax positions within one year of December 31, 2021.
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Policy Text Block] | Revenue Recognition The Company's contracts with customers are comprised of purchase orders with standard terms and conditions. Occasionally the Company may also have longer-term agreements with customers. Substantially all of the contracts with customers require the delivery of metals, which represent single performance obligations that are satisfied upon transfer of control of the product to the customer. Transfer of control is assessed based on the use of the product distributed and rights to payment for performance under the contract terms. Transfer of control and revenue recognition for substantially all of the Company’s sales occur upon shipment or delivery of the product, which is when title, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer and is based on the applicable shipping terms. The shipping terms depend on the customer contract. An invoice for payment is issued at time of shipment and terms are generally net 30 days. The Company has certain fabrication contracts in one business unit for which revenue is recognized over time as performance obligations are achieved. This fabrication business is immaterial to the Company's consolidated results. Sales returns and allowances are treated as reductions to sales and are provided for based on historical experience and current estimates and are immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.
Contract with Customer Liabilities, Shipping and Handling Cost, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs Amounts charged to customers for shipping and other transportation services are included in net sales. The distribution expense line on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) is entirely comprised of all shipping and other transportation costs incurred by the Company in shipping goods to its customers.
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Policy Text Block] | Stock-Based Compensation The Company records compensation expense for stock awards issued to employees and directors. For additional information, see Note 13, Equity Plans.
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In December 2019, the Financial Account Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” The objective of this ASU is to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to general principles in ASC 740 and by clarifying and amending existing guidance within U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. ASU 2019-12 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Different components of the guidance require retrospective, modified retrospective or prospective adoption, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU during the first quarter of 2021 did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326).” which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. The ASU replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with a forward-looking expected credit loss model, which will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. The adoption of this ASU on January 1, 2020 did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

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