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Note 4 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | 4. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The Company’s significant accounting policies are described below. Cash. Cash consists of all cash balances and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. All cash is held in cash deposit accounts as of December 31, 2024 and December 31,2023. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 the Company had $0.3 million and $0.2 million respectively, of restricted cash which is held as collateral for its bank-issued Company credit cards. Management Estimates. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Other items subject to estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the carrying amounts of property and equipment, asset retirement obligations, valuation of contingent consideration, valuation allowances for deferred income tax assets and valuation of derivative instruments. Management evaluates estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic and commodity price environment. Stock-Based Compensation. The Company applies the fair value method of accounting for stock-based compensation. Under this method, compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized over the award vesting period. The Company classifies the benefits of tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for the options (excess tax benefit) as financing cash flows. The fair value of each option award is estimated as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of each restricted stock award is equal to the Company’s stock price on the date the award is granted. Income Taxes. The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of (i) temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and (ii) operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards for tax purposes. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, based upon management’s estimates, it is more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized in a future period. Investment in the Peak Gold JV. The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the investment in the Peak Gold JV, which is accounted for under the equity method. The Company held a 30.0% membership interest in the Peak Gold JV on December 31, 2024 and designated one of the three members of the JV Management Committee. The Company initially recorded its investment at the historical cost of the assets contributed to the Peak Gold JV, which was approximately $1.4 million. The cumulative contributions and historical cost of the assets and income from the Peak Gold JV exceeded the cash distributions as of December 31, 2024; therefore, the Company recorded an investment in the Peak Gold JV of $60,523,622. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 the Company recorded an investment in the Peak Gold JV of $28,064,405. Cash distributions from the Peak Gold JV. The Company applies distributions received from the Peak Gold JV as a return on investment and are deducted from the carrying amount of the investment balance as permitted under ASC 323 - Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures. The Company has elected the "Nature of the distribution approach" and the distributions from the Peak Gold JV represents a return on investment as the distributions are generated from the regular course of business earning and will be presented under operating activities on the Statements of Cashflows. Property & Equipment. Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation and amortization are computed for assets placed in service using the straight‐line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. When assets are retired or sold, the costs and related allowances for depreciation and amortization are eliminated from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. The Company reviews long‐lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If an asset is considered to be impaired, the loss recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. The Company recorded an impairment charge of $7,111 for the year ended June 30, 2023. There were no impairment charges for the period ended December 31, 2024 and six month period ended December 31, 2023. Significant payments related to the acquisition of mineral properties, mining rights, and mineral leases are capitalized. If a commercially mineable ore body is discovered, such costs are amortized when production begins using the units‐of‐production method based on estimated reserves. If no commercially mineable ore body is discovered, or such rights are otherwise determined to have no value, such costs are expensed in the period in which it is determined the property has no future economic value. Fair Value Measurement. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. FASB ASC Topic 820 provides a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date and requires consideration of the counterparty’s creditworthiness when valuing certain assets. The three levels are defined as follows: Level 1 – Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. Level 2 – Other inputs that are observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs, which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for which there are little or no market data and which the Company makes its own assumptions about how market participants would price the assets and liabilities. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Where available, fair value is based on observable market prices or parameters or derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices or inputs are not available, valuation models are applied. These valuation techniques involve some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency for the instruments or market and the instrument’s complexity. The Company reflects transfers between the three levels at the beginning of the reporting period in which the availability of observable inputs no longer justifies classification in the original level. There were no transfers between fair value hierarchy levels for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, six months ended December 31, 2023 and fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The Company performs fair value measurements on a recurring basis for the following: • Derivative Financial Instruments - Derivative financial instruments are carried at fair value and measured on a recurring basis. The Company's potential derivative financial instruments include features embedded within its convertible debenture with Queens Road Capital Investment, Limited (see Note 14). These measurements were not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements. • Derivative Hedges -The Company has entered into hedge agreements with delivery obligations of gold ounces. The Company utilizes derivative instruments in order to manage exposure to risks associated with fluctuating commodity prices. The derivative hedges are mark-to-market with changes in estimated value driven by forward commodity prices (see Note 15). • Marketable Securities - The Company, owns investments in publicly traded companies. Changes in the fair value of these investments are recorded through income using quoted prices obtained from securities exchanges. These measurements were not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements. • Contingent Consideration - The Company will be obligated to pay additional consideration if production on the Lucky Shot Property meets two separate milestone payment thresholds. The fair value of this contingent consideration is measured on a recurring basis, and is driven by the probability of reaching the milestone payment thresholds (See Note 12). The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company's financial assets and liabilities, by level within the fair-value hierarchy:
As of December 31, 2024 |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative contract asset - current |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative Liability - current |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 29,076,582 |  |  | $ | - |
Derivative Liability - noncurrent |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 28,615,525 |  |  | $ | - |
Contingent consideration liability - noncurrent |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,100,480 |
As of December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative contract asset - current |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative Liability - current |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 2,679,784 |  |  | $ | - |
Derivative Liability - noncurrent |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 20,737,997 |  |  | $ | - |
Contingent consideration liability - noncurrent |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,100,480 |
Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis The Company applies the provisions of the fair value measurement standard on a non-recurring basis to its non-financial assets and liabilities, including mineral properties, business combinations, and asset retirement obligations. These assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments if events or changes in certain circumstances indicate that adjustments may be necessary. Business Combinations. In determining whether an acquisition should be accounted for as a business combination or asset acquisition, the Company first determines whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets. If this is the case, the single identifiable asset or the group of similar assets is not deemed to be a business, and is instead deemed to be an asset. If this is not the case, the Company then further evaluates whether the single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets and activities includes, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. If so, the Company concludes that the single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets and activities is a business. The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. Application of this method of accounting requires that (i) identifiable assets acquired (including identifiable intangible assets) and liabilities assumed generally be measured and recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date and (ii) the excess of the purchase price over the net fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized as goodwill, which is not amortized for accounting purposes but is subject to testing for impairment at least annually. The Company measures and recognizes asset acquisitions that are not deemed to be business combinations based on the cost to acquire the assets, which includes transaction costs. Goodwill is not recognized in asset acquisitions. Contingent consideration in asset acquisitions payable in the form of cash is recognized when payment becomes probable and reasonably estimable, unless the contingent consideration meets the definition of a derivative, in which case the amount becomes part of the asset acquisition cost when acquired. Contingent consideration payable in the form of a fixed number of the Company’s own shares is measured at fair value as of the acquisition date and recognized when the issuance of the shares becomes probable. Upon recognition of the contingent consideration payment, the amount is included in the cost of the acquired asset or group of assets. The Company purchased 100% of the outstanding membership interests of HighGold and Avidian Alaska (See Note 8). The Company accounted for the purchase as an asset acquisition, and thus allocated the total acquisition cost to the assets acquired on a relative fair value basis. Convertible Debenture. The Company accounts for its convertible debenture in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options ("ASC 470-20"), which requires the liability and equity components of convertible debt to be separately accounted for in a manner that reflects the issuer's nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. Debt discount created by the bifurcation of embedded features in the convertible debenture are reflected as a reduction to the related debt liability. The discount is amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt using the effective-interest method. The convertible debenture is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Derivative Asset for Embedded Conversion Features. The Company evaluates convertible notes to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be accounted for separately. In circumstances where the embedded conversion option in a convertible instrument is required to be bifurcated and there are also other embedded derivative instruments in the convertible instrument that are required to be bifurcated, the bifurcated derivative instruments are evaluated and accounted for separately. The result of this accounting treatment is that the fair value of the embedded derivative is recorded as either an asset or a liability and marked-to-market each balance sheet date, with the change in fair value recorded in the statements of operations as other income or expense. Upon conversion or exercise of a derivative instrument, the instrument is marked to fair value at the conversion date and then that fair value is reclassified to equity. The fair value of the embedded conversion features are estimated using several probability weighted binomial lattice models. Estimating fair values of embedded conversion features is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and requires the development of significant and subjective estimates that may, and are likely to, change over the duration of the instrument with related changes in internal and external market factors. Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives. The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by gold future pricing. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s investments. Non-designated Hedges. Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to fluctuations in the market price of gold and the Company has elected not to apply hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in earnings. Asset Retirement Obligations. Asset retirement obligations (including reclamation and remediation costs) associated with operating and non-operating mine sites are recognized when an obligation is incurred and the fair value can be reasonably estimated. Fair value is measured as the present value of expected cash flow estimates, after considering inflation, our credit-adjusted risk-free rates and a market risk premium appropriate for our operations. The liability is accreted over time through periodic charges to earnings. In addition, the asset retirement cost is capitalized as part of the asset’s carrying value and amortized over the life of the related asset. Reclamation costs are periodically adjusted to reflect changes in the estimated present value resulting from the passage of time and revisions to the estimates of either the timing or amount of the reclamation costs. The estimated reclamation obligation is based on when spending for an existing disturbance is expected to occur. Costs included in estimated asset retirement obligations are discounted to their present value as cash flows are readily estimable. The Company reviews, on an annual basis, unless otherwise deemed necessary, the reclamation obligation for each project in accordance with ASC guidance for asset retirement obligations. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had asset retirement obligations related to its Lucky Shot project totaling $255,769. The asset retirement obligations related to Lucky Shot project was $246,227 as of December 31, 2023. Accretion expense for the period ended December 31, 2024 was $9,542. The accretion expense for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 were $6,284 and $11,860, respectively. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, amending reportable segment disclosure requirements to include disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis. Among the disclosure enhancements are new disclosures regarding significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision-maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, as well as other segment items bridging segment revenue to each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and are applied retrospectively. The update had no material impact on our consolidated financial statements (See Note 17). The Company has evaluated all other recent accounting pronouncements and believes that none of them will have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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