On December 6, 2024, the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to authorize the issuance of 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001. As of December 31, 2025, there were no preferred shares issued and outstanding.

On December 8, 2021, the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment (the “Charter Amendment”) to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the total number of authorized shares of common stock of the Company from 10,000,000 to 40,000,000, which became effective on December 17, 2021. On December 7, 2022, the stockholders of the Company approved another amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 40,000,000 to 160,000,000. The Charter Amendment was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and became effective December 9, 2022. On July 26, 2023, the Company effected a 1-for-17 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) .

On October 11, 2024, the Company entered into a Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Leerink Partners LLC (the “Agent”). Pursuant to the terms of the Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell shares of the Company’s common stock having an aggregate offering amount of up to $75 million from time to time through the Agent. The Agent will use its commercially reasonable efforts, as the agent and subject to the terms of the Sales Agreement, to sell the shares offered. Sales of the shares, if any, may be made in sales deemed to be an “at-the-market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company may also agree to sell shares to the Agent as principal for its own account on terms agreed to by the Company and the Agent. The Agent will be entitled to a commission from the Company of 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares sold under the Sales Agreement. In addition, the Company has agreed to reimburse certain expenses incurred by the Agent in connection with the offering.

Concurrently with the March 2025 Underwritten Offering (as defined below), on March 25, 2025, the Company also entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement to which the Company issued and sold 900,000 shares of Common Stock in a registered direct offering at a purchase price of $13.00 per share. Gross proceeds from the registered direct offering was $11.7 million less underwriter issuance costs of $0.7 million. The Company entered into a registration rights agreement in connection with the closing of the registered direct offering. The agreement required the Company to use its best efforts to register the shares for resale no later than 60 days following the closing of the registered direct offering.

On November 5, 2025, we entered into an Underwriting Agreement with Leerink Partners LLC and TD Securities (USA) LLC and Evercore Group L.L.C., as representatives of the several underwriters named therein, pursuant to which we agreed to issue and sell, in a firm commitment underwritten offering by us (the “November 2025 Underwritten Offering”), 5,930,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”). In addition, we granted the Underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 889,500 shares of Common Stock. The public offering price for each share of Common Stock is $13.50. In connection with their services, the underwriters received an underwriting discount equal to 6.0% of the gross proceeds of the November 2025 Underwritten Offering.

Concurrently with the November 2025 Underwritten Offering, on November 5, 2025, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with affiliates of Suvretta Capital, Averill Master Fund, Ltd. and Averill Madison Master Fund, Ltd. (together, the “Purchasers” and the “Suvretta Funds”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Purchasers an aggregate of 1,481,481 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $13.50 per share in a registered direct offering (the “Direct Offering,” and together with the November 2025 Underwritten Offering, the “Offerings”), the same price per share as the price to the public in the November 2025 Underwritten Offering. In connection with their services, we entered into a Placement Agency Agreement with Leerink Partners, TD Securities and Evercore ISI pursuant to which we agreed to pay such placement agents a fee in an amount equal to 6.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the Direct Offering, subject to the placement agents reimbursing the Company for certain of its expenses. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company and the Purchasers entered into a Registration Rights Agreement pursuant to which the Company will agree to register for resale the shares of Common Stock sold in the Direct Offering.

Total gross proceeds received by the Company during the six-month period ended December 31, 2025 from the issuance of common stock totaled $104.5 million, less underwriter issuance costs of $5.7 million and other incidental costs of $0.6 million.

On December 6, 2019, investors were issued four Purchase Warrants that were exercisable into 12,600 fully paid shares of common stock should the Purchase Warrants be exercised in full (“Purchase Warrants”). The exercise price for the Purchase Warrants is $178.50 per share issued on exercise of a Purchase Warrant. The Purchase Warrants are exercisable, in whole or in part, any time from the date of issue until the fifth anniversary of the date of issue (December 6, 2024). On April 22, 2020, the Company issued 2,201 shares of common stock in connection with a cashless exercise of Purchase Warrants exercisable for 6,300 shares of common stock. The Company did not have an effective registration statement registering the resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder at the time the Holder wanted to exercise the warrant; therefore, the Holder carried out a cashless exercise. The formula for conducting a cashless exercise was outlined in the Warrant agreement. 6,300 purchase warrants remained unexercised and expired in December 2024.

On September 15, 2022, we closed an underwritten public offering in which we issued and sold (i) 1,037,520 shares of the Company’s common stock, (ii) 12,171,628 pre-funded warrants, which, after giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split, are currently exercisable into 715,979 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.0017 per share until exercised in full and (iii) 29,809,471 Series 2 warrants (the “Series 2 Warrants”), which, after giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split, are currently exercisable into 1,753,503 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.22 per share. The Series 2 warrants sold in the offering became exercisable commencing December 9, 2022, the date on which the Company had both (a) received approval from its stockholders to increase the number of shares of common stock it is authorized to issue and (b) effected such stockholder approval by filing with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a certificate of amendment to its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, and will expire on the fifth anniversary of such initial exercise date. The combined purchase price for each share of common stock and accompanying common warrant was

$10.20, which was allocated as $10.03 per share of common stock and $0.17 per common warrant. The Series 2 Warrants contain an exercise price adjustment mechanism providing that certain issuances of common stock (or common stock equivalents), if made at a price lower than the then existing exercise price of such Series 2 Warrants would reset the exercise price to such lower price. As a result of the August 11, 2023 public offering, the exercise price of the Series 2 Warrants has been automatically reset as of the closing time of such public offering to $1.9299.

On August 11, 2023 we closed an underwritten public offering in which we sold 875,949 shares of common stock, 15,126,226 pre-funded warrants to purchase 15,126,226 shares of common stock, and 16,002,175 common warrants to purchase up to 16,002,175 shares of common stock. The combined purchase price for each share of common stock and accompanying common warrant was $1.93, which was allocated as $1.9299 per share of common stock and $0.0001 per common warrant. Each pre-funded warrant was sold together with one common warrant at a combined price of $1.9299, which was allocated as $1.9298 per pre-funded warrant and $0.0001 per common warrant. The pre-funded warrants were immediately exercisable until exercised in full at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share of common stock. The common warrants were immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $3.86 per share of common stock and will expire on the fifth anniversary of such initial exercisable date. In addition, the Company granted the underwriter a 30-day option to purchase up to 2,331,606 additional shares of common stock and/or up to 2,331,606 additional common warrants. The underwriter partially exercised this option and purchased 458,134 additional shares of common stock and 458,134 additional common warrants. These additional shares are included in the total sold on August 11, 2023. Net proceeds from the offering, including the impact of the underwriter’s partial exercise of its option and net of underwriting discounts, commissions, and other offering expenses, totaled $27.9 million.

On April 22, 2024 we closed a private investment in public equity (PIPE) financing in which we sold 5,749,152 shares of common stock at a price per share of $4.80 and, in lieu of shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,584,239 shares of common stock at a price per pre-funded warrant of $4.7999, to certain accredited institutional investors. The pre-funded warrants were immediately exercisable until exercised in full at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share of common stock. Gross proceeds from the financing totaled $40.0 million. Net proceeds, net of commissions and other offering expenses, totaled approximately $37.1 million.

On August 29, 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved the exercise of certain existing warrants issued in April 2024, September 15, 2022 and August 11, 2023 in accordance with the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market which otherwise would be subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation.

On March 25, 2025, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement to which the Company issued and sold (i) 1,143,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share at a purchase price to investors of $13.00 per share, and (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share at a purchase price to investors of $12.999 per warrant. Total gross proceeds from underwriting offering (the “March 2025 Underwritten Offering”) was $18.8 million less underwriter issuance costs of $1.1 million and other cash issuance costs of $0.4 million. The pre-funded warrants are exercisable immediately and do not have an expiration date.

The activity related to warrants for the six months ended December 31, 2025, is summarized as follows:


	Common Stock from Warrants			Weighted- average Exercise Price (per share)
Outstanding at July 1, 2025		20,443,496		$	0.9672
Outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2025		20,443,496		$	0.9672
Pre-funded warrants exercised		(200,276	)	$	0.0001
Series 2 warrants exercised		(63,792	)	$	1.9299
Outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2025		20,179,428		$	0.9738

In connection with its re-domiciliation to the United States, the Company assumed BBL’s obligations with respect to the settlement of options that were issued by BBL prior to the re-domiciliation pursuant to the Benitec Officers’ and Employees’ Share Option Plan (the “Plan”). This includes the Company’s assumptions of the Plan and all award agreements pursuant to which each of the options were

granted. Each option when exercised entitles the option holder to one share in the Company. Options are exercisable on or before an expiry date, do not carry any voting or dividend rights and are not transferable except on death of the option holder or in certain other limited circumstances. Employee options vest one third on each anniversary of the applicable grant date for three years. If an employee dies, retires, or otherwise leaves the organization, and certain other conditions have been satisfied, generally the employee has 12 months to exercise their options, or the options are cancelled. After the Re-domiciliation, no new options have been or will be issued under the Plan.

On July 1, 2024, the Plan and all options granted thereunder expired by its and their terms.

On December 9, 2020, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s 2020 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2020 Plan”). The 2020 Plan provides for the grant of various equity awards. Currently, only stock options are outstanding under the 2020 Plan. Each option when exercised entitles the option holder to one share of the Company’s common stock. Options are exercisable on or before an expiry date, do not carry any voting or dividend rights, and are not transferable except on death of the option holder or in certain other limited circumstances. Employee stock options vest in increments of one-third on each anniversary of the applicable grant date over three years. Non-employee director options vest in increments of one-third on the day prior to each of the Company’s next three annual stockholder meetings following the grant date. Executive Options granted on December 9, 2024, and December 27, 2024, vest in sixteen substantially equal quarterly installments on the last day of each full fiscal quarter of the Company ending after the grant date. If an option holder dies or terminates employment or service due to Disability (as defined in the 2020 Plan), the option holder generally has 12 months to exercise their vested options, or the options are cancelled. If an option holder otherwise leaves the Company, other than for a termination by the Company for Cause (as defined in the 2020 Plan), the option holder generally has 90 days to exercise their vested options, or the options are cancelled. The maximum contractual term of options granted under the 2020 Plan is ten years. Upon the consummation of a Change in Control (as defined in the 2020 Plan), all unvested stock options will immediately vest as of immediately prior to the Change in Control.

On December 8, 2021, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2020 Plan, which increased the number of shares of the Company’s common stock reserved under the 2020 Plan to 108,823 (as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split). For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, our named executive officers (“NEO’s”) were each granted equity incentive awards under the 2020 Plan. On December 6, 2023, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2020 Plan, which increased the number of shares of the Company’s common stock reserved under the 2020 Plan to 1,204,537. On August 29, 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2020 Plan, which increased the number of shares of the Company’s common stock reserved under the 2020 Plan to 8,204,537.

The activity related to equity awards, which are comprised of stock options during the six months ended December 31, 2025 is summarized as follows:


	Stock Options			Weighted- average Exercise Price		Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at June 30, 2025		4,902,140		$	10.81	9.24 years		$	7,728,384
Granted		1,956,072		$	14.24	9.86 years
Forfeited		(9,215	)	$	15.90		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2025		6,848,997		$	11.78	9.05 years		$	14,822,988
Exercisable at December 31, 2025		1,489,378		$	11.19	8.61 years		$	5,101,825


	Six Months Ended
	December 31,
	2025			2024
Expected volatility		114.7	%		121.2	%
Expected term	6 years			6 years
Risk-free interest rate		3.78	%		4.13	%
Expected dividend yield		—	%		—	%

Expected Volatility. The Company has based its estimate of expected volatility on the historical volatility of the price of its common stock. The Company computed historical volatility data using the daily closing prices for its shares during the equivalent period of the calculated expected term of the equity-based awards.

Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that the equity awards are expected to be outstanding. For stock options with service conditions, it is based on the “simplified method” for developing the estimate of the expected life. Under this approach, the expected term is presumed to be the midpoint between the average vesting date and the end of the contractual term.

Risk-free Interest Rate. The Company bases the risk-free interest rate assumption on U.S. Treasury constant maturities with maturities similar to those of the expected term of the equity award being valued.

Expected Dividend Yield. The Company bases the expected dividend yield assumption on the fact that it has never paid dividends and does not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

In addition to assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, the Company accounts for forfeitures of share-based awards as they occur.

The classification of share-based compensation expense is summarized as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	December 31,
(US$’000)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Research and development	$	2,667	$	436	$	3,535	$	549
General and administrative		4,712		2,702		9,024		3,024
Total share-based compensation expense	$	7,379	$	3,138	$	12,559	$	3,573

As of December 31, 2025, there was $37.8 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to stock options issued under the Share Option Plan and the 2020 Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.29 years.