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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended April 12, 2020
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
for the transition period from ________to________.
Commission File Number: 1-9390
____________________________________________________
JACK IN THE BOX INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Delaware |  |  |  | 95-2698708
(State of Incorporation) |  |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9330 Balboa Avenue
San Diego, California 92123
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (858) 571-2121
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock | JACK | NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | þ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Accelerated filer | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No þ
As of the close of business May 8, 2020, 22,671,849 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX

|  | Page
| PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited): |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 5
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 37
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 37
| PART II – OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 38
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 38
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 39
Item 3. | Defaults of Senior Securities | 39
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 39
Item 5. | Other Information | 39
Item 6. | Exhibits | 40
| Signature | 41

1

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)

| April 12, 2020 |  | September 29, 2019
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash | $ | 132,161 |  |  | $ | 125,536 |
Restricted cash | 37,023 |  |  | 26,025 |
Accounts and other receivables, net | 66,331 |  |  | 45,235 |
Inventories | 1,821 |  |  | 1,776 |
Prepaid expenses | 18,460 |  |  | 9,015 |
Current assets held for sale | 6,186 |  |  | 16,823 |
Other current assets | 3,970 |  |  | 2,718 |
Total current assets | 265,952 |  |  | 227,128 |
Property and equipment: |  |  |
Property and equipment, at cost | 1,149,656 |  |  | 1,176,241 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | (793,435) |  |  | (784,307) |
Property and equipment, net | 356,221 |  |  | 391,934 |
Other assets: |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 903,010 |  |  | — |
Intangible assets, net | 294 |  |  | 425 |
Goodwill | 47,161 |  |  | 46,747 |
Deferred tax assets | 77,410 |  |  | 85,564 |
Other assets, net | 211,205 |  |  | 206,685 |
Total other assets | 1,239,080 |  |  | 339,421 |
| $ | 1,861,253 |  |  | $ | 958,483 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt | $ | 13,819 |  |  | $ | 774 |
Current operating lease liabilities | 163,077 |  |  | — |
Accounts payable | 47,867 |  |  | 37,066 |
Accrued liabilities | 120,949 |  |  | 120,083 |
Total current liabilities | 345,712 |  |  | 157,923 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |
Long-term debt, net of current maturities | 1,368,446 |  |  | 1,274,374 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | 781,653 |  |  | — |
Other long-term liabilities | 242,368 |  |  | 263,770 |
Total long-term liabilities | 2,392,467 |  |  | 1,538,144 |
Stockholders’ deficit: |  |  |
Preferred stock $0.01 par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized, none issued | — |  |  | — |
Common stock $0.01 par value, 175,000,000 shares authorized, 82,318,622 and 82,159,002 issued, respectively | 823 |  |  | 822 |
Capital in excess of par value | 489,847 |  |  | 480,322 |
Retained earnings | 1,574,930 |  |  | 1,577,034 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (133,220) |  |  | (140,006) |
Treasury stock, at cost, 59,646,773 and 57,760,573 shares, respectively | (2,809,306) |  |  | (2,655,756) |
Total stockholders’ deficit | (876,926) |  |  | (737,584) |
| $ | 1,861,253 |  |  | $ | 958,483 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company restaurant sales | $ | 74,380 |  |  | $ | 76,682 |  |  | $ | 179,744 |  |  | $ | 179,514 |
Franchise rental revenues | 69,885 |  |  | 61,646 |  |  | 165,969 |  |  | 145,536 |
Franchise royalties and other | 37,764 |  |  | 38,410 |  |  | 90,230 |  |  | 90,660 |
Franchise contributions for advertising and other services | 34,128 |  |  | 38,989 |  |  | 87,887 |  |  | 90,803 |
| 216,157 |  |  | 215,727 |  |  | 523,830 |  |  | 506,513 |
Operating costs and expenses, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company restaurant costs (excluding depreciation and amortization): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Food and packaging | 22,237 |  |  |  | 21,676 |  |  | 53,585 |  |  | 51,292 |
Payroll and employee benefits | 24,261 |  |  |  | 22,768 |  |  | 56,151 |  |  | 53,042 |
Occupancy and other | 12,570 |  |  |  | 11,100 |  |  | 28,528 |  |  | 27,113 |
Total company restaurant costs | 59,068 |  |  |  | 55,544 |  |  | 138,264 |  |  | 131,447 |
Franchise occupancy expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization) | 48,341 |  |  |  | 38,618 |  |  | 112,858 |  |  | 89,331 |
Franchise support and other costs | 2,971 |  |  |  | 2,797 |  |  | 7,647 |  |  | 5,642 |
Franchise advertising and other services expenses | 35,734 |  |  |  | 40,245 |  |  | 90,958 |  |  | 94,515 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 24,203 |  |  |  | 17,585 |  |  | 52,451 |  |  | 41,668 |
Depreciation and amortization | 12,282 |  |  |  | 12,690 |  |  | 29,010 |  |  | 29,859 |
Impairment and other charges, net | 716 |  |  |  | 1,125 |  |  | (8,575) |  |  | 8,823 |
Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,575) |  |  | (219) |
| 183,315 |  |  | 168,604 |  |  | 421,038 |  |  | 401,066 |
Earnings from operations | 32,842 |  |  |  | 47,123 |  |  | 102,792 |  |  | 105,447 |
Other pension and post-retirement expenses, net | 512 |  |  |  | 343 |  |  | 39,490 |  |  | 799 |
Interest expense, net | 15,409 |  |  | 13,276 |  |  | 35,351 |  |  | 30,650 |
Earnings from continuing operations and before income taxes | 16,921 |  |  | 33,504 |  |  | 27,951 |  |  | 73,998 |
Income tax expense | 5,458 |  |  | 8,374 |  |  | 8,591 |  |  | 17,747 |
Earnings from continuing operations | 11,463 |  |  | 25,130 |  |  | 19,360 |  |  | 56,251 |
(Losses) earnings from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | — |  |  | (41) |  |  | — |  |  | 2,936 |
Net earnings | $ | 11,463 |  |  | $ | 25,089 |  |  | $ | 19,360 |  |  | $ | 59,187 |
Net earnings per share - basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings from continuing operations | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.97 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 2.17 |
Earnings from discontinued operations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.11 |
Net earnings per share (1) | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.97 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 2.28 |
Net earnings per share - diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings from continuing operations | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.96 |  |  | $ | 0.82 |  |  | $ | 2.15 |
Earnings from discontinued operations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.11 |
Net earnings per share (1) | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.96 |  |  | $ | 0.82 |  |  | $ | 2.26 |
Cash dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.40 |  |  | $ | 0.40 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |

____________________________
(1)Earnings per share may not add due to rounding.
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Net earnings | $ | 11,463 |  |  | $ | 25,089 |  |  | $ | 19,360 |  |  | $ | 59,187 |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in fair value of derivatives | — |  |  | (4,959) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,126) |
Net loss reclassified to earnings | — |  |  | 134 |  |  | — |  |  | 613 |
| — |  |  | (4,825) |  |  | — |  |  | (11,513) |
Tax effect | — |  |  | 1,244 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,967 |
| — |  |  | (3,581) |  |  | — |  |  | (8,546) |
Unrecognized periodic benefit costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial losses arising during the period | (61,090) |  |  | — |  |  | (32,507) |  |  | — |
Actuarial losses and prior service costs reclassified to earnings | 1,362 |  |  | 904 |  |  | 41,672 |  |  | 2,109 |
| (59,728) |  |  | 904 |  |  | 9,165 |  |  | 2,109 |
Tax effect | 15,503 |  |  | (234) |  |  | (2,379) |  |  | (545) |
| (44,225) |  |  | 670 |  |  | 6,786 |  |  | 1,564 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes | (44,225) |  |  | (2,911) |  |  | 6,786 |  |  | (6,982) |
Comprehensive (loss) income | $ | (32,762) |  |  | $ | 22,178 |  |  | $ | 26,146 |  |  | $ | 52,205 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net earnings | $ | 19,360 |  |  | $ | 59,187 |
Earnings from discontinued operations | — |  |  | 2,936 |
Earnings from continuing operations | 19,360 |  |  | 56,251 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 29,010 |  |  | 29,859 |
Amortization of franchise tenant improvement allowances and other | 1,765 |  |  | 1,137 |
Deferred finance cost amortization | 3,046 |  |  | 1,224 |
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation arrangements | (77) |  |  | (47) |
Deferred income taxes | 6,783 |  |  | 3,955 |
Share-based compensation expense | 5,865 |  |  | 4,708 |
Pension and postretirement expense | 39,490 |  |  | 799 |
Losses (gains) on cash surrender value of company-owned life insurance | 3,150 |  |  | (1,336) |
Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants | (1,575) |  |  | (219) |
Gains on the disposition of property and equipment, net | (10,170) |  |  | (138) |
Non-cash operating lease costs | (13,118) |  |  | — |
Impairment charges and other | 133 |  |  | 896 |
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions: |  |  |
Accounts and other receivables | (22,858) |  |  | (11,658) |
Inventories | 28 |  |  | (91) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (10,350) |  |  | 3,701 |
Accounts payable | 20,660 |  |  | (3,904) |
Accrued liabilities | 1,400 |  |  | (6,532) |
Pension and postretirement contributions | (3,582) |  |  | (3,671) |
Franchise tenant improvement allowance distributions | (5,811) |  |  | (6,697) |
Other | (4,222) |  |  | (7,421) |
Cash flows provided by operating activities | 58,927 |  |  | 60,816 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | (12,777) |  |  | (18,191) |
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment | 22,394 |  |  | 1,479 |
Proceeds from the sale and leaseback of assets | 17,373 |  |  | 1,944 |
Proceeds from the sale of company-operated restaurants | 1,575 |  |  | 133 |
Collections on notes receivable | — |  |  | 6,491 |
Other | 1,036 |  |  | — |
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities | 29,601 |  |  | (8,144) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Borrowings on revolving credit facilities | 111,376 |  |  | 189,736 |
Repayments of borrowings on revolving credit facilities | (3,500) |  |  | (180,800) |
Principal repayments on debt | (3,640) |  |  | (21,757) |
Debt issuance costs | (216) |  |  | (3,615) |
Dividends paid on common stock | (18,466) |  |  | (20,615) |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 3,559 |  |  | 243 |
Repurchases of common stock | (155,576) |  |  | (14,362) |
Payroll tax payments for equity award issuances | (4,442) |  |  | (2,617) |
Cash flows used in financing activities | (70,905) |  |  | (53,787) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash | 17,623 |  |  | (1,115) |
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of period | 151,561 |  |  | 2,705 |
Cash and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 169,184 |  |  | $ | 1,590 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Nature of operations — Founded in 1951, Jack in the Box Inc. (the “Company”) operates and franchises Jack in the Box® quick-service restaurants. The following table summarizes the number of restaurants as of the end of each period:

| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Company-operated | 144 |  |  | 137 |
Franchise | 2,102 |  |  | 2,103 |
Total system | 2,246 |  |  | 2,240 |

References to the Company throughout these notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are made using the first person notations of “we,” “us” and “our.”
Basis of presentation — The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2019 (“2019 Form 10-K”). The accounting policies used in preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements are the same as those described in our 2019 Form 10-K with the exception of the new lease accounting standard adopted in fiscal 2020, which is described below.
In our opinion, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial condition and results of operations for these interim periods have been included. Operating results for one interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for any other interim period or for the full year.
Segment reporting — The Company is comprised of one operating segment.
Fiscal year — Our fiscal year is 52 or 53 weeks ending the Sunday closest to September 30. Fiscal years 2020 and 2019 include 52 weeks. Our first quarter includes 16-weeks and all other quarters include 12-weeks. All comparisons between 2020 and 2019 refer to the 12-weeks (“quarter”) and 28-weeks (“year-to-date”) ended April 12, 2020 and April 14, 2019, respectively, unless otherwise indicated.
Use of estimates — In preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make certain assumptions and estimates that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and the disclosure of contingencies. In making these assumptions and estimates, management may from time to time seek advice and consider information provided by actuaries and other experts in a particular area. Actual amounts could differ materially from these estimates.
Risks and uncertainties — The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties as a result of the rapidly spreading outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”). The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business is highly uncertain and difficult to predict, as the response to the pandemic varies by state and municipalities within states. In the last five weeks of the quarter we experienced a significant reduction in guest traffic at our restaurants due to changes in consumer behavior as social distancing practices, dining room closures and other restrictions as have been mandated or encouraged by federal, state and local governments. During the COVID-19 impacted weeks, substantially all of our restaurants remained open, with dining rooms closed and all locations operating in an off-premise capacity, which represents close to 90% of the Company’s business historically, including drive-thru, third-party delivery, and carry-out.
Our operating results substantially depend upon our franchisees’ sales volumes, restaurant profitability, and financial stability. The financial impact of COVID-19 has had, and is expected to continue to have, an adverse effect on our franchisees’ liquidity and we are working closely with our franchisees to monitor and assist them with access to appropriate sources of liquidity in order to sustain their businesses throughout this crisis.
We cannot currently estimate the duration or future negative financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. Ongoing material adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on company-owned and franchised restaurants for an extended period could negatively affect our operating results, including reductions in revenue and cash flow and could impact our impairment assessments of accounts receivable, long-lived assets, operating lease assets, and/or goodwill.
6

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Advertising costs — We administer a marketing fund which includes contractual contributions. In 2020 and 2019, marketing fund contributions from franchise and company-operated restaurants were approximately 5.0% of gross revenues with the exception of our March and April 2020 marketing fees. In response to the economic burden associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company reduced March marketing fees to 4.0% and postponed the collection of these fees over the course of 24 months. April marketing fees will range from 2% to 4% based on annualized sales volumes, and these fees will be collected over three months beginning October 2020.
In 2019, incremental contributions made by the Company were $2.0 million. There have been no incremental contributions made in 2020. Total contributions made by the Company, including incremental contributions, are included in “Selling, general, and administrative expenses” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of earnings and for the quarter and year-to-date totaled $3.5 million and $8.9 million, respectively, in 2020 and $3.9 million and $11.1 million, respectively, in 2019.
Restricted cash — In accordance with the terms of our securitized financing facility, certain cash balances are required to be held in trust. Such restricted cash primarily represents cash collections and cash reserves held by the trustee to be used for payments of principal, interest and commitments fees required for the Class A-2 Notes. As of April 12, 2020 and September 29, 2019, restricted cash balances were $37.0 million and $26.0 million, respectively. During the second quarter, with uncertainty surrounding COVID-19 events, and as a cautionary measure, we voluntarily elected to reserve quarterly interest and principal payments due in August 2020.
Effect of new accounting pronouncements adopted in fiscal 2020 — We adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASC 842”) in the first quarter of 2020. The new guidance requires the recognition of lease liabilities, representing future minimum lease payments on a discounted basis, and corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) assets on the balance sheet for most leases. The Company adopted the new guidance in the first quarter of 2020 using the alternative transition method; therefore, the comparative period has not been restated and continues to reported under the previous lease guidance.
We elected the transition package of three practical expedients, which, among other items, permitted us not to reassess under the new standard our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. We also elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify, permitting us to not apply the recognition requirements of this standard to leases with a term of 12 months or less, and an accounting policy to not separate lease and non-lease components for underlying assets subject to real estate leases. As lessor, we elected for all classes of underlying leased assets to account for lease and non-lease components, primarily property taxes and maintenance, as a single lease component. We did not elect the use-of-hindsight practical expedient, and therefore continued to utilize lease terms determined under the existing lease guidance.
The adoption had a material impact on our consolidated balance sheet. As a result of the adoption, we recognized operating lease assets and liabilities of $880.6 million and $931.0 million, respectively, at the date of adoption. The ROU assets were adjusted for certain lease-related assets and liabilities at adoption, primarily comprised of straight-line rent accruals of $29.0 million, incentives and unfavorable lease liabilities of $2.1 million, sublease loss and exit-related lease liabilities of $19.4 million, which were previously reported in “Accrued liabilities” and “Other long-term liabilities”, as well as favorable lease assets of $0.4 million, which were previously reported in “Intangible assets, net” in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. We also recorded a cumulative adjustment to opening retained earnings of $2.9 million, net of tax, as a result of the impairment of certain newly recognized ROU assets and derecognition of deferred gains and losses on sale-leaseback transactions upon transition to the new guidance.
7

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The effects of the changes made to the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 29, 2019 for the adoption of the new lease guidance were as follows (in thousands):

| Balance at September 29, 2019 |  | Adjustments due to ASC 842 adoption |  | Balance at September 30, 2019
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease ROU assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 880,564 |  |  | $ | 880,564 |
Intangible assets, net | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | (386) |  |  | $ | 39 |
Deferred income taxes | $ | 85,564 |  |  | $ | 1,006 |  |  | $ | 86,570 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Current operating lease liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 159,821 |  |  | $ | 159,821 |
Accrued liabilities | $ | 120,083 |  |  | $ | (4,702) |  |  | $ | 115,381 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Long-term operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | $ | — |  |  | $ | 770,818 |  |  | $ | 770,818 |
Other long-term liabilities | $ | 263,770 |  |  | $ | (41,883) |  |  | $ | 221,887 |
Stockholders’ deficit: |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | $ | 1,577,034 |  |  | $ | (2,870) |  |  | $ | 1,574,164 |

The accounting guidance for lessors remains largely unchanged from previous guidance, except for the presentation of certain lease costs that the Company passes through to lessees, including but not limited to, property taxes and maintenance. These costs are generally paid by the Company and reimbursed by the lessee. Historically, these costs have been recorded on a net basis in our condensed consolidated statements of earnings but are now presented gross upon adoption of the new guidance. As a result, we expect annual revenues and expenses reported in “Franchise rental revenues” and “Franchise occupancy expenses” to increase by approximately $37 million in fiscal 2020. Refer to Note 4, Leases, for further information on our leases and the impact on the Company’s accounting policies.
Effect of new accounting pronouncements to be adopted in future periods — In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which will replace the incurred loss methodology of recognizing credit losses on financial instruments that is currently required with a methodology that estimates the expected credit loss on financial instruments and reflects the net amount expected to be collected on the financial instrument. Application of the new guidance may result in the earlier recognition of credit losses as the new methodology will require entities to consider forward-looking information in addition to historical and current information used in assessing incurred losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company will be required to adopt the new guidance on a modified retrospective basis. We are currently in the process of evaluating the effects of this pronouncement on our consolidated financial statements and do not expect there to be a material impact upon adoption.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. ASU 2018-15 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Companies can choose to adopt the new guidance prospectively or retrospectively. We are currently in the process of evaluating the effects of this pronouncement on our consolidated financial statements and do not expect there to be a material impact upon adoption.
8

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
2.REVENUE
Nature of products and services — We derive revenue from retail sales at Jack in the Box company-operated restaurants and rental revenue, royalties, advertising, and franchise and other fees from franchise-operated restaurants.
Our franchise arrangements generally provide for an initial franchise fee of $50,000 per restaurant and generally require that franchisees pay royalty and marketing fees at 5% of gross sales. The agreement also requires franchisees to pay sourcing, technology and other miscellaneous fees.
Disaggregation of revenue — The following table disaggregates revenue by primary source (in thousands):

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Sources of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company restaurant sales | $ | 74,380 |  |  | $ | 76,682 |  |  | $ | 179,744 |  |  | $ | 179,514 |
Franchise rental revenues | 69,885 |  |  | 61,646 |  |  | 165,969 |  |  | 145,536 |
Franchise royalties | 36,049 |  |  | 37,148 |  |  | 86,292 |  |  | 86,655 |
Marketing fees | 30,550 |  |  | 35,947 |  |  | 79,385 |  |  | 83,810 |
Technology and sourcing fees | 3,578 |  |  | 3,042 |  |  | 8,502 |  |  | 6,993 |
Franchise fees and other services | 1,715 |  |  | 1,262 |  |  | 3,938 |  |  | 4,005 |
Total revenue | $ | 216,157 |  |  | $ | 215,727 |  |  | $ | 523,830 |  |  | $ | 506,513 |

Contract liabilities — Our contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue resulting from initial fees received from franchisees for new restaurant openings or new franchise terms, which are generally recognized over the franchise term. We classify these contract liabilities as “Accrued liabilities” and “Other long-term liabilities” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
A summary of significant changes in our contract liabilities is presented below (in thousands):

| Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Deferred franchise fees at beginning of period | $ | 46,272 |  |  | $ | 50,018 |
Revenue recognized | (3,061) |  |  | (2,745) |
Additions | 1,488 |  |  | 680 |
Deferred franchise fees at end of period | $ | 44,699 |  |  | $ | 47,953 |

The following table reflects the estimated franchise fees to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied as of April 12, 2020 (in thousands):

Remainder of 2020 |  | $ | 2,267 |
2021 |  | 4,926 |
2022 |  | 4,724 |
2023 |  | 4,572 |
2024 |  | 4,379 |
Thereafter |  | 23,831 |
|  | $ | 44,699 |

We have applied the optional exemption, as provided for under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which allows us to not disclose the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations when the transaction price is a sales-based royalty.
9

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
3.SUMMARY OF REFRANCHISINGS AND FRANCHISEE DEVELOPMENT
Refranchisings and franchisee development — Through the second quarter in 2020 and 2019, no company-operated restaurants were sold to franchisees. In 2020 and 2019, amounts presented in “Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants” of $1.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively, pertain to meeting certain contingent consideration provisions included in the sale of restaurants in previous years. The following table summarizes the number of restaurants developed and closed by franchisees.

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
New restaurants opened by franchisees | 5 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 11 |
Franchisee restaurants closed | (2) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (12) |  |  | (8) |

Franchise acquisitions — During the second quarter of 2020, we acquired eight franchise restaurants as a result of a legal action filed in October 2019 against a franchisee in which we obtained a judgment in January 2020 granting us the possession of the restaurants.
We account for the acquisition of franchised restaurants using the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. The purchase price allocations were based on fair value estimates determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). The goodwill recorded primarily relates to the sales growth potential of the market acquired and is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
Total consideration on the acquisition was $0.9 million, comprised of receivables that were eliminated in acquisition accounting.
The table below presents the allocation of the total purchase price to the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the restaurants acquired (in thousand s):

Inventory | $ | 73 |
Property and equipment | 903 |
Intangible assets | 263 |
Other assets | 6 |
Goodwill | 414 |
Liabilities assumed | (800) |
Total consideration | $ | 859 |

4.LEASES
Nature of leases — We own restaurant sites and we also lease restaurant sites from third parties. Some of these owned or leased sites are leased and/or subleased to franchisees. Initial terms of our real estate leases are generally 20 years, exclusive of options to renew, which are generally exercisable at our sole discretion for 1 to 20 years. In some instances, our leases have provisions for contingent rentals based upon a percentage of defined revenues. Many of our restaurants also have rent escalation clauses and require the payment of property taxes, insurance, and maintenance costs. Variable lease costs include contingent rent, cost-of-living index adjustments, and payments for additional rent such as real estate taxes, insurance and common area maintenance, which are excluded from the measurement of the lease liability. We also lease certain restaurant and office equipment with initial terms generally ranging from 3 to 8 years. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
As lessor, our leases and subleases primarily consist of restaurants that have been leased to franchisees subsequent to refranchising transactions. The lease descriptions, terms, variable lease payments and renewal options are generally the same as the lessee leases described above. Revenues from leasing arrangements with our franchisees are presented in “Franchise rental revenues” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of earnings, and the related expenses are presented in “Franchise occupancy expenses.”
Significant assumptions and judgements — We evaluate the contracts entered into by the Company to determine whether such contracts contain leases. A contract contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. At commencement, contracts containing a lease are further evaluated for classification as an operating or finance lease where the Company is a lessee, or as an operating, sales-type or direct financing lease where the Company is a lessor, based on their terms.
10

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The lease term and incremental borrowing rate for each lease requires judgement by management and can impact the classification of our leases as well as the value of our lease assets and liabilities. When determining the lease term, we consider option periods available, and include option periods in the measurement of the lease ROU asset and lease liability where the exercise is reasonably certain to occur. As our leases do not provide an implicit discount rate, we have determined it is appropriate to use our estimated collateralized incremental borrowing rate, based on the yield curve for the respective lease terms, in calculating our lease liabilities.
Rent Concessions as Lessee
In response to the pandemic, certain landlords have agreed to temporary rent concessions. These concessions generally relate to the deferral of certain rent payments for April, May and June until future periods and total approximately $13.4 million. We considered the FASB’s recent guidance regarding rent concessions related to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and have elected to apply the temporary practical expedient to account for rent concessions as though enforceable rights and obligations for those concessions existed in the lease agreements. Therefore, we will not remeasure our lease ROU assets and liabilities, and as of April 12, 2020 have bifurcated our operating lease liabilities into the portion that remains subject to accretion of $940.0 million, and the portion that is related to April rent deferrals of $4.8 million.
Rent Concessions as Lessor
We postponed collection of approximately 40% of April rents due from our franchisees totaling approximately $9.1 million, to be collected over three months beginning July 2020. Furthermore, we passed on to our franchisees approximately $10.4 million of the rent concessions secured from our landlords for April, May and June.
Company as Lessee
Leased assets and liabilities consisted of the following as of April 12, 2020 (in thousands):

| April 12, 2020
Assets: |  |
Operating lease ROU assets |  | $ | 903,010 |
Finance lease ROU assets (1) |  | 2,689 |
Total ROU assets |  | $ | 905,699 |
Liabilities: |  |
Current operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 163,077 |
Current finance lease liabilities (2) |  | 819 |
Long term operating lease liabilities |  | 781,653 |
Long-term finance lease liabilities (2) |  | 2,511 |
Total lease liabilities |  | $ | 948,060 |

____________________________
(1)Included in “Property and equipment, net” on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(2)Included in “Current maturities of long-term debt” and “Long-term debt, net of current maturities” on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
11

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The following table presents the components of our lease costs (in thousands):

| Quarter |  | Year-to-date |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 12, 2020 |
Lease costs: |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance lease cost: |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of ROU assets (1) |  | $ | 179 |  |  |  | $ | 413 |  |
Interest on lease liabilities (2) |  | 28 |  |  |  | 61 |  |
Operating lease cost (3) |  | 43,891 |  |  |  | 102,403 |  |
Short-term lease cost (3) |  | 102 |  |  |  | 103 |  |
Variable lease cost (3)(4) |  | 9,316 |  |  |  | 21,823 |  |
| $ | 53,516 |  |  | $ | 124,803 |  |

____________________________
(1)Included in “Depreciation and amortization” in our condensed consolidated statement of earnings.
(2)Included in “Interest expense, net” in our condensed consolidated statement of earnings.
(3)Operating lease, short-term and variable lease costs associated with franchisees and company-operated restaurants are included in “Franchise occupancy expenses” and “Occupancy and other”, respectively, in our condensed consolidated statement of earnings. For our closed restaurants, these costs are included in “Impairment and other, net” and all other costs are included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses”.
(4)Includes $8.6 million in the quarter and $20.2 million year-to-date of property taxes and common area maintenance costs which are reimbursed by sub-lessees.
The following table presents supplemental information related to leases:

| April 12, 2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years): |  |  |
Finance leases |  | 3.6
Operating leases |  | 8.2
Weighted-average discount rate: |  |  |
Finance leases |  | 3.5 | %
Operating leases |  | 4.0 | %

The following table presents as of April 12, 2020, the annual maturities of our lease liabilities (in thousands):

|  | Finance Leases |  | Operating Leases
Fiscal year: |  |  |  |
Remainder of 2020 (1) |  | $ | 443 |  |  | $ | 80,592 |
2021 (1) |  | 906 |  |  | 205,534 |
2022 |  | 906 |  |  | 158,823 |
2023 |  | 901 |  |  | 131,362 |
2024 |  | 408 |  |  | 100,021 |
Thereafter |  | 54 |  |  | 449,077 |
Total future lease payments (2) |  | $ | 3,618 |  |  | $ | 1,125,409 |
Less: imputed interest |  | (288) |  |  | (180,679) |
Present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 3,330 |  |  | $ | 944,730 |

____________________________
(1)The impact of rent concessions reduced 2020 operating leases maturities by $1.3 million and increased 2021 by $6.0 million.
(2)Total future lease payments include non-cancellable commitments of $3.6 million for finance leases and $1,090 million for operating leases.
12

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The following table presents as of September 29, 2019, future minimum lease payments for non-cancellable leases (in thousands):

|  | Capital Leases |  | Operating Leases
Fiscal year: |  |  |  |
2020 |  | $ | 879 |  |  | $ | 193,313 |
2021 |  | 879 |  |  | 186,226 |
2022 |  | 879 |  |  | 145,794 |
2023 |  | 864 |  |  | 117,753 |
2024 |  | 396 |  |  | 87,420 |
Thereafter |  | 40 |  |  | 363,505 |
Total minimum lease payments |  | $ | 3,937 |  |  | $ | 1,094,011 |
Less: imputed interest |  | (343) |  |  |
Present value of lease liability |  | $ | 3,594 |  |  |

The following table includes supplemental cash flow and non-cash information related to our lessee leases (in thousands):

| Year-to-date |
| April 12, 2020 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | $ | 115,376 |  |
Operating cash flows from financing leases |  | $ | 61 |  |
Financing cash flows from financing leases |  | $ | 390 |  |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: |  |  |
Operating leases |  | $ | 105,748 |  |
Financing leases |  | $ | 132 |  |

Sale leaseback transactions — In the first quarter of 2020, we completed a sale leaseback transaction of a multi-tenant commercial property in Los Angeles, California and leased back the parcel on which a company-operated restaurant is located. The Company received net proceeds of $17.4 million and recognized a $0.2 million loss on the sale. The initial term on the lease is 20 years and the lease has been accounted for as an operating lease.
In the first quarter of 2020, we completed the sale of one of our corporate office buildings as we move forward with our previously announced consolidation of our headquarters. We entered into a lease with the buyer to leaseback the property for up to 18 months with an option to terminate earlier without penalty, upon providing a 90-day notice. The net proceeds received on the sale was $20.6 million and the lease has been accounted for as an operating lease. A gain on the sale of $10.8 million was recognized, and is presented within “Impairment and other charges, net” in our condensed consolidated statement of earnings.
Company as Lessor
The following table presents rental income (in thousands):

| Quarter |  |  |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |  |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  | April 12, 2020 |  |  |  |
| Owned Properties |  | Leased Properties |  | Total |  | Owned Properties |  |  | Leased Properties |  |  | Total
Operating lease income - franchise |  | $ | 4,572 |  |  |  | $ | 50,123 |  |  | $ | 54,695 |  |  | $ | 10,667 |  |  |  | $ | 116,692 |  |  |  | $ | 127,359 |
Variable lease income - franchise |  | 1,810 |  |  |  | 13,380 |  |  | 15,190 |  |  | 4,526 |  |  |  | 34,084 |  |  |  | 38,610 |
Franchise rental revenues |  | $ | 6,382 |  |  | $ | 63,503 |  |  | $ | 69,885 |  |  | $ | 15,193 |  |  |  | $ | 150,776 |  |  |  | $ | 165,969 |
Operating lease income - closed restaurants and other (1) |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 1,470 |  |  | $ | 1,470 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 3,527 |  |  |  | $ | 3,527 |

____________________________
(1)Primarily relates to closed restaurant properties included in “Impairment and other, net” in our condensed consolidated statement of earnings.
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JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The following table presents as of April 12, 2020, future minimum rental receipts for non-cancellable leases and subleases (in thousands):

| April 12, 2020
Fiscal year: |
Remainder of 2020 (1)(2) | $ | 106,892 |
2021 (2) | 261,492 |
2022 | 232,748 |
2023 | 226,178 |
2024 | 201,003 |
Thereafter | 1,250,834 |
Total minimum rental receipts |  | $ | 2,279,147 |

____________________________
(1)Includes $9.1 million of postponed April rents to be repaid over three months beginning July 2020.
(2)The impact of rent concessions passed on to franchisees reduced 2020 by $1.7 million and increased 2021 by $4.7 million.
The following table presents as of September 29, 2019, future minimum rental receipts for non-cancellable leases and subleases (in thousands):

| September 29, 2019
Fiscal year: |
2020 | $ | 239,219 |
2021 | 255,315 |
2022 | 231,394 |
2023 | 224,605 |
2024 | 199,442 |
Thereafter | 1,215,811 |
Total minimum rental receipts |  | $ | 2,365,786 |

5.INDEBTEDNESS
Long-term debt as of April 12, 2020 and September 29, 2019 consisted of the following (in thousands):

| April 12, 2020 |  | September 29, 2019
Class A-2-I Notes | $ | 573,563 |  |  |  | $ | 575,000 |
Class A-2-II Notes | 274,313 |  |  |  | 275,000 |
Class A-2-III Notes | 448,875 |  |  |  | 450,000 |
Class A-1 Variable Funding Notes | 107,876 |  |  |  | — |
Finance lease obligations | 3,330 |  |  |  | 3,594 |
Total debt | 1,407,957 |  |  |  | 1,303,594 |
Less current maturities of long-term debt | (13,819) |  |  |  | (774) |
Less unamortized debt issuance costs | (25,692) |  |  |  | (28,446) |
Long-term debt | $ | 1,368,446 |  |  |  | $ | 1,274,374 |

The Company’s outstanding debt consists of Series 2019-1 3.982% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes (the “Class A-2-I Notes”), Series 2019-1 4.476% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-II (the “Class A-2-II Notes”), and Series 2019-1 4.970% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-III (the “Class A-2-III Notes”) and together with the Class A-2-I Notes and the Class A-2-II Notes, (the “Class A-2 Notes”), issued by Jack in the Box Funding, LLC (the “Master Issuer”), a limited-purpose, bankruptcy-remote, wholly owned indirect subsidiary of the Company. In addition, the Master Issuer entered into a revolving financing facility of Series 2019-1 Variable Funding Senior Secured Notes, Class A-1 (the “Variable Funding Notes”), which allows for the drawing of up to $150.0 million under the Variable Funding Notes and the issuance of letters of credit.
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JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
As of April 12, 2020 and September 29, 2019, $41.1 million and $45.6 million, respectively, of letters of credit were pledged against the Variable Funding Notes. As of September 29, 2019, we had no outstanding borrowings under our Variable Funding Notes. During the second quarter of 2020, to secure our liquidity position and provide financial flexibility given the uncertain market conditions, we borrowed $107.9 million under the Variable Funding Notes. The Company may use the proceeds from the borrowings for working capital and general corporate purposes. As of April 12, 2020, remaining borrowing availability under our Variable Funding Notes was $1.1 million.
6.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Financial assets and liabilities — The following table presents our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (2) (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (2) (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (2) (Level 3)
Fair value measurements as of April 12, 2020: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-qualified deferred compensation plan (1) | $ | 25,261 |  |  | $ | 25,261 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 25,261 |  |  | $ | 25,261 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Fair value measurements as of September 29, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-qualified deferred compensation plan (1) | $ | 30,104 |  |  | $ | 30,104 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 30,104 |  |  | $ | 30,104 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

____________________________
(1)We maintain an unfunded defined contribution plan for key executives and other members of management. The fair value of this obligation is based on the closing market prices of the participants’ elected investments. The obligation is included in “Accrued liabilities” and “Other long-term liabilities” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)We did not have any transfers in or out of Level 1, 2 or 3.
The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of our Class A-2 Notes as of April 12, 2020 and September 29, 2019 (in thousands):

| April 12, 2020 |  |  |  | September 29, 2019 |  |
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
Class A-2 Notes | $ | 1,296,751 |  |  | $ | 1,170,896 |  |  | $ | 1,300,000 |  |  |  | $ | 1,344,300 |

The fair value of the Class A-2 Notes was estimated using Level 2 inputs based on quoted market prices in markets that are not considered active markets. The Company had $107.9 million of outstanding borrowings under its Variable Funding Notes. The fair value of this loan approximates carrying value due to the variable rate nature of these borrowings.
Non-financial assets and liabilities — Our non-financial instruments, which primarily consist of property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, goodwill and intangible assets, are reported at carrying value and are not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, on an annual basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable, non-financial instruments are assessed for impairment. If applicable, the carrying values are written down to fair value.
In connection with our impairment reviews performed during 2020, no material fair value adjustments were required. Refer to Note 8, Impairment and Other Charges, Net, for additional information regarding impairment charges.
7.DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
Interest rate swaps — We have used interest rate swaps to mitigate interest rate volatility with regard to variable rate borrowings under our senior credit facility. In June 2015, we entered into forward-starting interest rate swap agreements that effectively converted $500.0 million of our variable rate borrowings to a fixed rate from October 2018 through October 2022. These agreements were designated as cash flow hedges under the terms of the FASB authoritative guidance for derivatives and hedging. Since they were effective in offsetting the variability of the hedged cash flows, changes in the fair values of the derivatives were not included in earnings, but were included in other comprehensive income (“OCI”). These changes in fair value were subsequently reclassified into net earnings as a component of interest expense as the hedged interest payments were made on our variable rate debt.
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JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Effective July 2, 2019, the Company terminated all interest rate swap agreements in anticipation of the securitization transaction and related retirement of our senior credit facility in the fourth quarter of 2019. During fiscal 2019, our interest rate swaps had no hedge ineffectiveness.
Financial performance — The following table summarizes the OCI activity related to our interest rate swap derivative instruments and the amounts reclassified from accumulated OCI (in thousands):

| Location in Income |  |  |  | Quarter |  |  | Year-to-date
|  |  |  |  | April 14, 2019 |  |  | April 14, 2019
Loss recognized in OCI | N/A |  |  |  | $ | (4,959) |  |  |  | $ | (12,126) |
Loss reclassified from accumulated OCI into net earnings | Interest expense, net |  |  |  | $ | 134 |  |  |  | $ | 613 |

8.IMPAIRMENT AND OTHER CHARGES, NET
Impairment and other charges, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of earnings is comprised of the following (in thousands):

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Restructuring costs | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 946 |  |  | $ | 1,163 |  |  | $ | 6,786 |
Costs of closed restaurants and other | 331 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 432 |  |  | 1,249 |
Losses (gains) on disposition of property and equipment, net (1) | 267 |  |  |  | (714) |  |  |  | (10,170) |  |  |  | (138) |
Accelerated depreciation | — |  |  | 510 |  |  | — |  |  | 926 |
| $ | 716 |  |  | $ | 1,125 |  |  | $ | (8,575) |  |  | $ | 8,823 |

____________________________
(1)In 2020, includes a $10.8 million gain related to the sale of one of our corporate office buildings. Refer to Note 4, Leases, for further information.
Restructuring costs — Restructuring charges include costs resulting from the exploration of strategic alternatives (the “Strategic Alternatives Evaluation”) in 2019, which was concluded in the third quarter of 2019, and a plan that management initiated to reduce our general and administrative costs.
The following is a summary of our restructuring costs (in thousands):

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Employee severance and related costs | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 642 |  |  | $ | 1,163 |  |  | $ | 5,148 |
Strategic Alternatives Evaluation (1) | — |  |  | 304 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,638 |
| $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 946 |  |  | $ | 1,163 |  |  | $ | 6,786 |

____________________________
(1) Strategic Alternative Evaluation costs primarily relate to third party advisory services.
We do not expect any significant severance and related costs for the remainder of fiscal 2020 related to these initiatives.
Total accrued severance costs related to our restructuring activities are included in “Accrued liabilities” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, and changed as follows during 2020 (in thousands):

Balance as of September 29, 2019 |  | $ | 2,100 |
Costs incurred |  | 1,163 |
Cash payments |  | (3,010) |
Balance as of April 12, 2020 |  | $ | 253 |

16

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
9.INCOME TAXES
The income tax provisions reflect tax rates of 32.3% in the second quarter and 30.7% year-to-date, compared with 25.0% and 24.0%, respectively, in fiscal year 2019. The major components of the year-over-year change in tax rates were a decrease in operating earnings before income tax, an increase in the impact of non-deductible compensation for certain officers, an increase in losses from the market performance of insurance products used to fund certain non-qualified retirement plans which are excluded from taxable income, and an increase in non-deductible legal settlements. The final annual tax rate cannot be determined until the end of the fiscal year; therefore, the actual 2020 rate could differ from our current estimates.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted in the U.S. on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act includes several U.S. income tax provisions related to, among other things, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations, and technical amendments regarding the income tax depreciation of qualified improvement property placed in service after December 31, 2017. The CARES Act is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial results.
10.RETIREMENT PLANS
Defined benefit pension plans — We sponsor two defined benefit pension plans, a frozen “Qualified Plan” covering substantially all full-time employees hired prior to January 1, 2011, and an unfunded supplemental executive retirement plan (“SERP”) which provides certain employees additional pension benefits and was closed to new participants effective January 1, 2007. Benefits under both plans are based on the employee’s years of service and compensation over defined periods of employment.
In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company amended its Qualified Plan to add a limited lump sum payment window whereby certain terminated participants with a vested pension benefit could elect to receive either an immediate lump sum or a monthly annuity payment of their accrued benefit. The offering period began September 16, 2019 and ended October 31, 2019. The participants that elected a lump sum benefit under the program were paid in December 2019, which triggered settlement accounting. As a result of the offering, the Company’s Qualified Plan paid $122.3 million from its plan assets to those who accepted the offer, thereby reducing the plan’s pension benefit obligation (“PBO”). The transaction had no cash impact to the Company but did result in a non-cash settlement charge of $38.6 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Routine lump sum payments made in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 resulted in a non-cash settlement charge of $0.3 million.
Postretirement healthcare plans — We also sponsor two healthcare plans, closed to new participants, that provide postretirement medical benefits to certain employees who have met minimum age and service requirements. The plans are contributory, with retiree contributions adjusted annually, and they contain other cost-sharing features such as deductibles and coinsurance.
Net periodic benefit cost — The components of net periodic benefit cost in each period were as follows (in thousands):

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Defined benefit pension plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost | $ | 3,669 |  |  | $ | 5,286 |  |  | $ | 8,745 |  |  | $ | 12,334 |
Expected return on plan assets (1) | (4,706) |  |  | (6,077) |  |  | (11,362) |  |  | (14,181) |
Pension settlements (2) | 321 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,927 |  |  | — |
Actuarial losses (2) | 1,019 |  |  | 913 |  |  | 2,691 |  |  | 2,132 |
Amortization of unrecognized prior service costs (2) | 19 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 62 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 322 |  |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 39,046 |  |  | $ | 347 |
Postretirement healthcare plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 435 |  |  | $ | 537 |
Actuarial losses (gains) (2) | 3 |  |  | (36) |  |  | 9 |  |  | (85) |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 444 |  |  | $ | 452 |

___________________________
(1)Based on a return on asset, net of administrative expenses, assumption of 5.8% determined at the end of fiscal 2019, subsequently updated to 5.9% as of December 31, 2019 and 5.2% as of March 31, 2020, upon remeasurement of the Qualified Plan’s assets and PBO as required by settlement accounting.
(2)Amounts were reclassified from accumulated OCI into net earnings as a component of “Other pension and post-retirement expenses, net.”
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JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Future cash flows — Our policy is to fund our plans at or above the minimum required by law. As of January 1, 2019, the date of our last actuarial funding valuation, there was no minimum contribution funding requirement. Details regarding 2020 contributions are as follows (in thousands):

| SERP |  | Postretirement Healthcare Plans
Net year-to-date contributions | $ | 2,857 |  |  | $ | 725 |
Remaining estimated net contributions during fiscal 2020 | $ | 2,514 |  |  | $ | 676 |

We continue to evaluate contributions to our Qualified Plan based on changes in pension assets as a result of asset performance in the current market and the economic environment. We do not anticipate making any contributions to our Qualified Plan in fiscal 2020.
11.STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Summary of changes in stockholders’ deficit — A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of stockholders’ deficit is presented below (in thousands):

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (841,153) |  |  | $ | (607,296) |  |  | $ | (737,584) |  |  | $ | (591,699) |
Shares issued under stock plans, including tax benefit | 3,375 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 3,559 |  |  | 243 |
Share-based compensation expense | 2,681 |  |  | 2,799 |  |  | 5,865 |  |  | 4,708 |
Dividends declared | (9,067) |  |  | (10,323) |  |  | (18,492) |  |  | (20,641) |
Purchases of treasury stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (153,550) |  |  | — |
Net earnings | 11,463 |  |  | 25,089 |  |  | 19,360 |  |  | 59,187 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes | (44,225) |  |  | (2,911) |  |  | 6,786 |  |  | (6,982) |
Cumulative-effect from a change in accounting principle | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,870) |  |  | (37,330) |
Balance at end of period | $ | (876,926) |  |  | $ | (592,514) |  |  | $ | (876,926) |  |  | $ | (592,514) |

Repurchases of common stock — The Company repurchased 1.9 million shares of its common stock in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 at an average price of $81.41 per share for an aggregate cost of $153.5 million. There were no repurchases of common stock in the second quarter of fiscal 2020. As of April 12, 2020, this leaves approximately $122.2 million remaining under share repurchase programs authorized by the Board of Directors, consisting of $22.2 million that expires in November 2020 and $100.0 million that expires in November 2021.
Repurchases of common stock included in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for fiscal 2020 include $2.0 million related to repurchase transactions traded in the prior year but settled in 2020.
Dividends — During 2020, the Board of Directors declared two cash dividends of $0.40 per common share which were paid on March 17, 2020 and December 20, 2019 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 3, 2020 and December 5, 2019, respectively, and totaled $18.5 million. Future dividends are subject to approval by our Board of Directors.
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JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
12.AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING
The following table reconciles basic weighted-average shares outstanding to diluted weighted-average shares outstanding (in thousands):

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Weighted-average shares outstanding – basic | 22,803 |  |  | 25,943 |  |  | 23,339 |  |  | 25,922 |
Effect of potentially dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonvested stock awards and units | 85 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 203 |
Stock options | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Performance share awards | 7 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding – diluted | 22,895 |  |  | 26,145 |  |  | 23,490 |  |  | 26,137 |
Excluded from diluted weighted-average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Antidilutive | 362 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 307 |  |  | 186 |
Performance conditions not satisfied at the end of the period | 77 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 89 |

13.CONTINGENCIES AND LEGAL MATTERS
Legal matters — We assess contingencies, including litigation contingencies, to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual in our financial statements. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in the financial statements if it is probable that liability is adverse to the Company and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. When evaluating litigation contingencies, we may be unable to provide a meaningful estimate due to a number of factors, including the procedural status of the matter in question, the availability of appellate remedies, insurance coverage related to the claim or claims in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matter. In addition, damage amounts claimed in litigation against us may be unsupported, exaggerated, or unrelated to possible outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of our potential liability or financial exposure. We regularly review contingencies to determine the adequacy of the accruals and related disclosures. The ultimate amount of loss may differ from these estimates. As of April 12, 2020 and September 29, 2019, the Company had recorded aggregate liabilities of $14.2 million and $10.0 million, respectively, within “Accrued liabilities” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, for all matters including those described below, that were probable and reasonably estimable. While we believe that additional losses beyond these accruals are reasonably possible, we cannot estimate a possible loss contingency or range of reasonably possible loss contingencies beyond these accruals.
Gessele v. Jack in the Box Inc. — In August 2010, five former employees instituted litigation in federal court in Oregon alleging claims under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act and Oregon wage and hour laws. The plaintiffs alleged that the Company failed to pay non-exempt employees for certain meal breaks and improperly made payroll deductions for shoe purchases and for workers’ compensation expenses, and later added additional claims relating to timing of final pay and related wage and hour claims involving employees of a franchisee. In 2016, the court dismissed the federal claims and those relating to franchise employees. In June 2017, the court granted class certification with respect to state law claims of improper deductions and late payment of final wages. In February 2019, plaintiff’s counsel reduced their earlier demand from $62.0 million to $42.0 million. In November 2019, the court issued a ruling on various dispositive motions, disallowing approximately $25.0 million in claimed damages. The parties participated in a voluntary mediation on March 16, 2020, but the matter did not settle. The plaintiff recently filed a motion for reconsideration of the court’s prior denial of class certification regarding meal and rest break claims. The Company has opposed the motion and will continue to vigorously defend against this lawsuit.
Marquez v. Jack in the Box Inc. — In August 2017, a former employee filed a class action lawsuit in California state court and as a Private Attorney General Act (“PAGA”) representative suit alleging that the Company failed to provide all non-exempt California employees with compliant rest and meal breaks, overtime pay, accurate wage statements, and final pay upon termination of employment. On January 29, 2020, the parties participated in voluntary mediation and reached a tentative agreement to settle the case. The parties have executed a settlement agreement and submitted the settlement to the court for final approval.
19

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Ramirez v. Jack in the Box Inc. — On June 11, 2019, an unfavorable jury verdict was delivered in a wrongful termination lawsuit against the Company in Los Angeles Superior Court. Plaintiff in the case was a restaurant employee who was terminated in 2013. The jury’s verdict included $5.4 million in compensatory damages and $10.0 million in punitive damages. The Company filed post-trial motions with the trial judge for the purpose of setting aside or significantly reducing damages. These motions were granted, resulting in a reduction of damages from $15.4 million to $3.2 million. The plaintiff accepted the reduction. In October 2019, the plaintiff’s counsel filed a motion for attorney’s fees in the amount of $5.1 million. On January 9, 2020, the court issued its ruling awarding $3.9 million in attorney fees. As of April 12, 2020, we have recorded an accrual for legal settlement of $7.3 million within “Accrued liabilities” and a litigation insurance recovery receivable of $7.3 million, which represents the expected payment of the settlement by the Company’s insurance carriers, within “Accounts and other receivable, net” in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Other legal matters — In addition to the matter described above, we are subject to normal and routine litigation brought by former or current employees, customers, franchisees, vendors, landlords, shareholders or others. We intend to defend ourselves in any such matters. Some of these matters may be covered, at least in part, by insurance or other third party indemnity obligations. We record receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable. We believe that the ultimate determination of liability in connection with legal claims pending against us, if any, in excess of amounts already provided for such matters in the consolidated financial statements, will not have a material adverse effect on our business, our annual results of operations, liquidity or financial position; however, it is possible that our business, results of operations, liquidity, or financial condition could be materially affected in a particular future reporting period by the unfavorable resolution of one or more matters or contingencies during such period.
14.DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Qdoba — In December 2017, we entered into a stock purchase agreement (the “Qdoba Purchase Agreement”) with the Buyer to sell all issued and outstanding shares of Qdoba. The Buyer completed the acquisition of Qdoba on March 21, 2018 (the “Qdoba Sale”).
We also entered into a Transition Services Agreement with the Buyer pursuant to which the Buyer received certain services (the “Services”) to enable it to operate the Qdoba business after the closing of the Qdoba Sale. The Services included information technology, finance and accounting, human resources, supply chain and other corporate support services. Under the Agreement, the Services were provided at cost for a period of up to 12 months, with two 3-month extensions available for certain services. As of September 21, 2019, we are no longer providing transition services to Qdoba. In 2019, we recorded $1.9 million in the quarter and $5.6 million year-to-date, in income related to the Services as a reduction of “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings.
The following table presents Qdoba’s results of operations in periods which have been included in discontinued operations (in thousands, except per share data):

|  | Quarter |  | Year-to-date
|  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 14, 2019
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | (243) |
Loss on Qdoba Sale |  | — |  |  | 85 |
(Losses) earnings from discontinued operations before income taxes |  | (59) |  |  | 158 |
Income tax benefit (1) |  | 18 |  |  | 2,778 |
(Losses) earnings from discontinued operations, net of income taxes |  | $ | (41) |  |  | $ | 2,936 |
Basic and diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations: |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.11 |

____________________________
(1)In fiscal 2019, the Company entered into a bilateral California election with Quidditch Acquisition, Inc. to retroactively treat the divestment of Qdoba Restaurant Corporation on March 21, 2018 as a sale of assets instead of a stock sale for income tax purposes. This election reduced the Company’s fiscal year 2018 California tax liability on the divestment by $2.8 million.
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JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Lease guarantees — While all operating leases held in the name of Qdoba were part of the Qdoba Sale, some of the leases remain guaranteed by the Company pursuant to one or more written guarantees (the “Guarantees”). In the event Qdoba fails to meet its payment and performance obligations under such guaranteed leases, we may be required to make rent and other payments to the landlord under the requirements of the Guarantees. Should we, as guarantor of the lease obligations, be required to make any lease payments due for the remaining term of the subject leases, the maximum amount we may be required to pay is approximately $29.3 million as of April 12, 2020. The lease terms extend for a maximum of approximately 16 more years as of April 12, 2020, and we would remain a guarantor of the leases in the event the leases are extended for any established renewal periods. In the event that we are obligated to make payments under the Guarantees, we believe the exposure is limited due to contractual protections and recourse available in the lease agreements, as well as the Qdoba Purchase Agreement, including a requirement of the landlord to mitigate damages by re-letting the properties in default, and indemnity from the Buyer. As of April 12, 2020, no amounts have been accrued relating to these guarantees as we do not believe any losses are probable.
15.SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW INFORMATION (in thousands)

| Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Non-cash investing and financing transactions: |  |  |
Decrease in obligations for treasury stock repurchases | $ | 2,025 |  |  | $ | 14,362 |
Decrease in obligations for purchases of property and equipment | $ | 1,247 |  |  | $ | 5,368 |
Increase in dividends accrued or converted to common stock equivalents | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 121 |
Consideration for franchise acquisitions | $ | 859 |  |  | $ | — |
Decrease in finance lease obligations from the termination of equipment and building leases | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 41 |

21

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
16.SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION (in thousands)

| April 12, 2020 |  | September 29, 2019
Accounts and other receivables, net: |  |  |
Trade | $ | 46,339 |  |  | $ | 36,907 |
Notes receivable | 9,589 |  |  | 278 |
Income tax receivable | 1,279 |  |  | 160 |
Other | 14,410 |  |  | 10,855 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | (5,286) |  |  | (2,965) |
| $ | 66,331 |  |  | $ | 45,235 |
Prepaid expenses: |  |  |
Prepaid income taxes | $ | 12,965 |  |  | $ | 579 |
Prepaid advertising | 32 |  |  | 1,838 |
Other | 5,463 |  |  | 6,598 |
| $ | 18,460 |  |  | $ | 9,015 |
Other assets, net: |  |  |
Company-owned life insurance policies | $ | 107,973 |  |  | $ | 112,753 |
Deferred rent receivable | 49,152 |  |  | 49,333 |
Franchise tenant improvement allowance | 29,536 |  |  | 26,925 |
Other | 24,544 |  |  | 17,674 |
| $ | 211,205 |  |  | $ | 206,685 |
Accrued liabilities: |  |  |
Insurance | $ | 27,972 |  |  | $ | 27,888 |
Payroll and related taxes | 20,808 |  |  | 31,095 |
Deferred franchise fees | 4,951 |  |  | 4,978 |
Sales and property taxes | 10,251 |  |  | 4,268 |
Gift card liability | 2,196 |  |  | 2,036 |
Other | 54,771 |  |  | 49,818 |
| $ | 120,949 |  |  | $ | 120,083 |
Other long-term liabilities: |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plans | $ | 147,295 |  |  | $ | 120,260 |
Deferred franchise fees | 39,748 |  |  | 41,295 |
Straight-line rent accrual | — |  |  | 29,537 |
Other | 55,325 |  |  | 72,678 |
| $ | 242,368 |  |  | $ | 263,770 |

22

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
GENERAL
All comparisons between 2020 and 2019 refer to the 12-weeks (“quarter”) and 28-weeks (“year-to-date”) ended April 12, 2020 and April 14, 2019, respectively, unless otherwise indicated.
For an understanding of the significant factors that influenced our performance during 2020 and 2019, our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2019.
Our MD&A consists of the following sections:
•Overview — a general description of our business and 2020 highlights.
•Financial reporting — a discussion of changes in presentation, if any.
•Results of operations — an analysis of our condensed consolidated statements of earnings for the periods presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
•Liquidity and capital resources — an analysis of our cash flows including pension and postretirement health contributions, capital expenditures, franchise tenant improvement allowance distributions, share repurchase activity, dividends, known trends that may impact liquidity and the impact of inflation, if applicable.
•Discussion of critical accounting estimates — a discussion of accounting policies that require critical judgments and estimates.
•New accounting pronouncements — a discussion of new accounting pronouncements, dates of implementation and the impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations, if any.
•Cautionary statements regarding forward-looking statements — a discussion of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements made by management.
We have included in our MD&A certain performance metrics that management uses to assess company performance and which we believe will be useful in analyzing and understanding our results of operations. These metrics include:
•Changes in sales at restaurants open more than one year (“same-store sales”), system restaurant sales, franchised restaurant sales, and average unit volumes (“AUVs”). Same-store sales, restaurant sales, and AUVs are presented for franchised restaurants and on a system-wide basis, which includes company and franchise restaurants. Franchise sales represent sales at franchise restaurants and are revenues of our franchisees. We do not record franchise sales as revenues; however, our royalty revenues, marketing fees and percentage rent revenues are calculated based on a percentage of franchise sales. We believe franchise and system same-store sales, franchised and system restaurant sales, and AUV information are useful to investors as they have a direct effect on the Company’s profitability.
•Adjusted EBITDA, which represents net earnings on a generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) basis excluding earnings or losses from discontinued operations, income taxes, interest expense, net, gains or losses on the sale of company-operated restaurants, impairment and other charges, net, depreciation and amortization, amortization of tenant improvement allowances and other, and pension settlement charges. We are presenting Adjusted EBITDA because we believe that it provides a meaningful supplement to net earnings of the Company's core business operating results, as well as a comparison to those of other similar companies. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA, when viewed with the Company's results of operations in accordance with GAAP and the accompanying reconciliations within MD&A, provides useful information about operating performance and period-over-period change, and provides additional information that is useful for evaluating the operating performance of the Company's core business without regard to potential distortions. Additionally, management believes that Adjusted EBITDA permits investors to gain an understanding of the factors and trends affecting our ongoing cash earnings, from which capital investments are made and debt is serviced.
Same-store sales, system restaurant sales, franchised restaurant sales, AUVs, and Adjusted EBITDA are not measurements determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to earnings from operations, or other similarly titled measures of other companies.
23

IMPACT OF COVID-19
As of May 8, 2020, substantially all of our restaurants remain open, with dining rooms closed and all locations operating in an off-premise capacity, which represents close to 90% of the Company’s business historically, including drive-thru, third-party delivery, and carry-out. While we navigate through this time of uncertainty, Jack in the Box remains committed to operating our restaurants with integrity, providing great guest service, and most importantly, protecting the health and safety of our employees and guests.
Our system same store sales decreased by 4.2% in the quarter; however, the outbreak did not materially impact the business until late in the quarter. Prior to the rise in “shelter-in-place” mandates and “social distancing” requirements across the country, same store sales increased 5.2% in the seven weeks ended March 8, 2020, compared to the 17.0% decrease in same store sales we experienced in the last five weeks of the quarter.
To mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on the Company, operations, franchisees and our employees, we have undertaken the following actions:
•Implemented a short-term cash preservation strategy (refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources section for further information).
•Provided financial support to our franchisees in the form of a reduction and payment deferral of marketing fees, postponement of rent, and delayed remodel requirements and development agreements for at least six months.
•Instituted a new emergency paid sick leave program at company-operated restaurants and have provided protective masks, gloves, sneeze guards and thermometers to all company-owned and franchised locations.
Given the level of volatility and uncertainty surrounding the future impact of COVID-19 on the broader US economy and specific impacts to our business, we have withdrawn our previously issued fiscal 2020 and long-term guidance. The Company will provide an update when it can reasonably estimate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on business results.
OTHER RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
On April 16, 2020, we announced that Darin Harris has been appointed by our Board of Directors as Chief Executive Officer and will join the Board of Directors, both effective on the start of his employment no later than June 15, 2020. Our Board of Directors has also elected David Goebel to serve as non-executive Chairman of the Board, effective when Mr. Harris begins employment with the Company.
Mr. Harris takes over from Lenny Comma, who announced his intent to retire in December 2019 and has served as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors since 2014. Mr. Comma’s last day of employment will be effective upon Mr. Harris’ start date, at which time Mr. Comma will also leave the Board of Directors.
OVERVIEW
As of April 12, 2020, we operated and franchised 2,246 Jack in the Box quick-service restaurants, primarily in the western and southern United States, including one in Guam.
The following summarizes the most significant events occurring in fiscal 2020, and certain trends compared to a year ago:
•System same-store sales — System same-store sales decreased by 4.2% in the quarter and 0.8% year-to-date. Company same-store sales decreased 4.1% in the quarter, driven by a 10.5% decrease in transactions, partially offset by average check growth of 6.4%. As previously disclosed, system-same store sales increased 5.2% in the seven weeks ended March 8, 2020, prior to any impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic.
•Company restaurant operations — Company restaurant costs as a percentage of company restaurant sales increased in the quarter to 79.4% from 72.4% a year ago primarily due to sales deleverage during COVID-19 impacted weeks and wage and commodity inflation.
•Franchise operations — Excluding the impacts of ASC 842 described in the Financial Reporting section below, our franchise operating results were impacted by a decrease in royalties and rent margins in the quarter and year-to-date, primarily due to lower franchise sales during COVID-19 impacted weeks, and a $2.0 million year-to-date increase in franchisee bad debt expense compared to the prior year.
•Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses - SG&A increased by $6.6 million for the quarter and $10.8 million year-to-date, largely due to unfavorable mark-to-market adjustments on investments supporting the Company’s non-qualified retirement plans and higher costs related to litigation matters compared to the prior year.
•Adjusted EBITDA — Adjusted EBITDA decreased in 2020 to $122.9 million from $144.2 million in 2019.
24

FINANCIAL REPORTING
In fiscal 2020, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), effective at the beginning of our fiscal year on a modified retrospective basis using the effective date transition method. Our consolidated financial statements reflect the application of ASC 842 guidance beginning in 2020, while our consolidated financial statements for prior periods were prepared under the guidance of a previously applicable accounting standard.
The most significant effects of this transition that affect comparability of our results of operations between 2020 and 2019 include the following:
•Our transition to ASC 842 resulted in the gross presentation of property tax and maintenance expenses and related lessee reimbursements as “Franchise occupancy expenses” and “Franchise rental revenues”, respectively. These expenses and reimbursements were presented on a net basis under the previous accounting standard. Although there was no net impact to our consolidated statement of earnings from this change, the presentation resulted in total increases in “Franchise rental revenues” and “Franchise occupancy expenses” of $8.6 million in the quarter and $20.2 million year-to-date.
•ASC 842 also changed how lessees account for leases subleased at a loss. Under ASC 842, sublease income and lessee rent expense are recorded as franchise rent revenue and franchise occupancy costs as earned or incurred. As a result of this change, franchise revenues and franchise occupancy expenses increased by $0.9 million in the quarter and $2.1 million and $2.6 million, respectively, year-to-date.
25

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table presents certain income and expense items included in our condensed consolidated statements of earnings as a percentage of total revenues, unless otherwise indicated. Percentages may not add due to rounding.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS DATA

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |  |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company restaurant sales | 34.4 | % |  | 35.5 | % |  | 34.3 | % |  | 35.4 | % |  |
Franchise rental revenues | 32.3 | % |  | 28.6 | % |  | 31.7 | % |  | 28.7 | % |  |
Franchise royalties and other | 17.5 | % |  | 17.8 | % |  | 17.2 | % |  | 17.9 | % |  |
Franchise contributions for advertising and other services | 15.8 | % |  | 18.1 | % |  | 16.8 | % |  | 17.9 | % |  |
Total revenues | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |
Operating costs and expenses, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company restaurant costs (excluding depreciation and amortization): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Food and packaging (1) | 29.9 | % |  | 28.3 | % |  | 29.8 | % |  | 28.6 | % |  |
Payroll and employee benefits (1) | 32.6 | % |  | 29.7 | % |  | 31.2 | % |  | 29.5 | % |  |
Occupancy and other (1) | 16.9 | % |  | 14.5 | % |  | 15.9 | % |  | 15.1 | % |  |
Total company restaurant costs (1) | 79.4 | % |  | 72.4 | % |  | 76.9 | % |  | 73.2 | % |  |
Franchise occupancy expenses (2) | 69.2 | % |  | 62.6 | % |  | 68.0 | % |  | 61.4 | % |  |
Franchise support and other costs (3) | 7.9 | % |  | 7.3 | % |  | 8.5 | % |  | 6.2 | % |  |
Franchise advertising and other services expenses (4) | 104.7 | % |  | 103.2 | % |  | 103.5 | % |  | 104.1 | % |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 11.2 | % |  | 8.2 | % |  | 10.0 | % |  | 8.2 | % |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 5.7 | % |  |  | 5.9 | % |  | 5.5 | % |  | 5.9 | % |  |
Impairment and other charges, net | 0.3 | % |  | 0.5 | % |  | (1.6) | % |  | 1.7 | % |  |
Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants | — | % |  | — | % |  | (0.3) | % |  | — | % |  |
Earnings from operations | 15.2 | % |  | 21.8 | % |  | 19.6 | % |  | 20.8 | % |  |
Income tax rate (5) | 32.3 | % |  | 25.0 | % |  | 30.7 | % |  | 24.0 | % |  |

____________________________
(1)As a percentage of company restaurant sales.
(2)As a percentage of franchise rental revenues.
(3)As a percentage of franchise royalties and other.
(4)As a percentage of franchise contributions for advertising and other services.
(5)As a percentage of earnings from continuing operations and before income taxes.
26

The following table summarizes changes in same-store sales for company-owned, franchised, and system-wide restaurants:

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |  |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  |
Company | (4.1) | % |  |  | 0.6 | % |  | (0.1) | % |  | 0.5 | % |  |
Franchise | (4.2) | % |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | (0.9) | % |  | — | % |  |
System | (4.2) | % |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | (0.8) | % |  | — | % |  |

The following table summarizes changes in the number and mix of company and franchise restaurants:

| 2020 |  |  |  |  |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
| Company |  | Franchise |  | Total |  | Company |  | Franchise |  | Total
Beginning of year | 137 |  |  | 2,106 |  |  | 2,243 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 2,100 |  |  | 2,237 |
New | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 11 |
Acquired from franchisees | 8 |  |  | (8) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Closed | (1) |  |  | (12) |  |  | (13) |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | (8) |
End of period | 144 |  |  | 2,102 |  |  | 2,246 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 2,103 |  |  | 2,240 |
% of system | 6 | % |  | 94 | % |  | 100 | % |  | 6 | % |  | 94 | % |  | 100 | %

The following table summarizes restaurant sales for company-owned, franchised, and total system sales (in thousands):

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Company-owned restaurant sales | $ | 74,380 |  |  | $ | 76,682 |  |  | $ | 179,744 |  |  | $ | 179,514 |
Franchised restaurant sales (1) | 695,926 |  |  | 721,350 |  |  | 1,675,271 |  |  | 1,681,310 |
System sales (1) | $ | 770,306 |  |  | $ | 798,032 |  |  | $ | 1,855,015 |  |  | $ | 1,860,824 |

____________________________
(1)Franchised restaurant sales represent sales at franchised restaurants and are revenues of our franchisees. System sales include company and franchised restaurant sales. We do not record franchised sales as revenues; however, our royalty revenues, marketing fees and percentage rent revenues are calculated based on a percentage of franchised sales. We believe franchised and system restaurant sales information is useful to investors as they have a direct effect on the Company's profitability.
Below is a reconciliation of Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, net earnings (in thousands):

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Net earnings - GAAP | $ | 11,463 |  |  |  | $ | 25,089 |  |  |  | $ | 19,360 |  |  |  | $ | 59,187 |
Losses (earnings) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | — |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | — |  |  | (2,936) |
Income tax expense | 5,458 |  |  |  | 8,374 |  |  |  | 8,591 |  |  |  | 17,747 |
Interest expense, net | 15,409 |  |  |  | 13,276 |  |  |  | 35,351 |  |  |  | 30,650 |
Pension settlement charges | 321 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38,927 |  |  |  | — |
Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,575) |  |  |  | (219) |
Impairment and other charges, net | 716 |  |  |  | 1,125 |  |  |  | (8,575) |  |  |  | 8,823 |
Depreciation and amortization | 12,282 |  |  |  | 12,690 |  |  |  | 29,010 |  |  |  | 29,859 |
Amortization of franchise tenant improvement allowances and other | 614 |  |  | 607 |  |  | 1,765 |  |  | 1,137 |
Adjusted EBITDA - Non-GAAP | $ | 46,263 |  |  | $ | 61,202 |  |  | $ | 122,854 |  |  | $ | 144,248 |

27

Company Restaurant Operations
The following table presents company restaurant sales and costs, and restaurant costs as a percentage of the related sales. Percentages may not add due to rounding (dollars in thousands):

| Quarter |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |  |  |  |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  |  |  | April 14, 2019 |  |  |  | April 12, 2020 |  |  |  | April 14, 2019 |  |
Company restaurant sales | $ | 74,380 |  |  |  |  | $ | 76,682 |  |  |  |  | $ | 179,744 |  |  |  |  | $ | 179,514 |  |  |
Company restaurant costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Food and packaging | 22,237 |  |  | 29.9 | % |  | 21,676 |  |  | 28.3 | % |  | 53,585 |  |  | 29.8 | % |  | 51,292 |  |  | 28.6 | %
Payroll and employee benefits | 24,261 |  |  | 32.6 | % |  | 22,768 |  |  | 29.7 | % |  | 56,151 |  |  | 31.2 | % |  | 53,042 |  |  | 29.5 | %
Occupancy and other | 12,570 |  |  | 16.9 | % |  | 11,100 |  |  | 14.5 | % |  | 28,528 |  |  | 15.9 | % |  | 27,113 |  |  | 15.1 | %
Total company restaurant costs | $ | 59,068 |  |  | 79.4 | % |  | $ | 55,544 |  |  | 72.4 | % |  | $ | 138,264 |  |  | 76.9 | % |  | $ | 131,447 |  |  | 73.2 | %

Company restaurant sales decreased $2.3 million, or 3.0% in the quarter due primarily to a decrease in traffic during COVID-19 impacted weeks, partially offset by changes in product mix, retail price increases and an increase in the number of company-operated restaurants related to the acquisition of eight restaurants from a franchisee during the quarter. Year-to-date, restaurant sales increased $0.2 million, or 0.1% versus a year ago due to an increase in the number of company-operated restaurants and retail price increases, which more than offset declines in traffic.
Same-store sales at company-operated restaurants decreased 4.1% in the quarter and 0.1% year-to-date compared to a year ago. The following table summarizes the change in company-operated same store-sales versus a year ago:

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |
Average check (1) | 6.4 | % |  |  | 2.8 | % |  |  | 4.2 | % |  |  | 3.4 | % |
Transactions | (10.5) | % |  |  | (2.2) | % |  |  | (4.3) | % |  |  | (2.9) | % |
Change in same-store sales | (4.1) | % |  | 0.6 | % |  | (0.1) | % |  | 0.5 | % |

____________________________
(1)Amounts in 2020 include price increases of approximately 2.4% in the quarter and 2.6% year-to-date. Amounts in 2019 include price increases of approximately 2.1% in the quarter and 2.3% year-to-date.
Food and packaging costs as a percentage of company restaurant sales increased to 29.9% in the quarter and 29.8% year-to-date in 2020 compared to 28.3% in the quarter and 28.6% year-to-date in 2019, due primarily to higher costs for ingredients and changes in product mix, partially offset by menu price increases. Commodity costs increased in the quarter and year-to-date by approximately 4.4% and 4.7%, respectively, due primarily to increases in beef, cheese and beverages.
Payroll and employee benefit costs as a percentage of company restaurant sales increased to 32.6% in the quarter and 31.2% year-to-date in 2020 compared with 29.7% in the quarter and 29.5% year-to-date in 2019, due primarily to higher average wages resulting from wage inflation and a highly competitive labor market, maintaining pre-COVID-19 staffing levels during the COVID-19 impacted weeks, and sales deleverage in the quarter, and was partially offset by lower costs for incentive compensation.
Occupancy and other costs as a percentage of company restaurant sales, increased to 16.9% in the quarter and 15.9% year-to-date in 2020 compared with 14.5% in the quarter and 15.1% year-to-date in 2019. Sales deleverage contributed to the increase in the quarter. Furthermore, in the quarter and year-to-date, the acquisition of eight restaurants with lower than average sales volumes, and higher costs for repairs and maintenance, third party delivery fees, and utilities, drove occupancy and other costs higher as a percentage of company restaurant sales.
28

Franchise Operations
The following table presents franchise revenues and costs in each period and other information we believe is useful in analyzing the change in franchise operating results (dollars in thousands):

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Franchise rental revenues | $ | 69,885 |  |  | $ | 61,646 |  |  |  | $ | 165,969 |  |  | $ | 145,536 |
Royalties | 36,049 |  |  | 37,148 |  |  |  | 86,292 |  |  | 86,655 |
Franchise fees and other | 1,715 |  |  | 1,262 |  |  |  | 3,938 |  |  | 4,005 |
Franchise royalties and other | 37,764 |  |  | 38,410 |  |  | 90,230 |  |  | 90,660 |
Franchise contributions for advertising and other services | 34,128 |  |  | 38,989 |  |  | 87,887 |  |  | 90,803 |
Total franchise revenues | $ | 141,777 |  |  | $ | 139,045 |  |  | $ | 344,086 |  |  | $ | 326,999 |
Franchise occupancy expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization) | $ | 48,341 |  |  | $ | 38,618 |  |  |  | $ | 112,858 |  |  | $ | 89,331 |
Franchise support and other costs | 2,971 |  |  | 2,797 |  |  |  | 7,647 |  |  | 5,642 |
Franchise advertising and other services expenses | 35,734 |  |  | 40,245 |  |  |  | 90,958 |  |  | 94,515 |
Total franchise costs | $ | 87,046 |  |  | $ | 81,660 |  |  | $ | 211,463 |  |  | $ | 189,488 |
Franchise costs as a percentage of total franchise revenues | 61.4 | % |  | 58.7 | % |  | 61.5 | % |  | 57.9 | %
Average number of franchise restaurants | 2,085 |  |  | 2,085 |  |  |  | 2,086 |  |  | 2,085 |
Decrease in franchise-operated same-store sales | (4.2) | % |  |  |  |  |  | (0.9) | % |  |  |
Franchised restaurant sales | $ | 695,926 |  |  | $ | 721,350 |  |  |  | $ | 1,675,271 |  |  | $ | 1,681,310 |
Franchised restaurant AUVs | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | 345 |  |  |  | $ | 803 |  |  | $ | 806 |
Royalties as a percentage of total franchised restaurant sales | 5.2 | % |  | 5.1 | % |  | 5.2 | % |  | 5.2 | %

Franchise rental revenues increased $8.2 million, or 13.4% in the quarter and $20.4 million, or 14.0% year-to-date compared to the prior year, primarily from our adoption of ASC 842, which increased rental revenues $9.5 million in the quarter and $22.3 million year-to-date, partially offset by a decrease in percentage rent revenue from lower franchise restaurant sales.
Franchise royalties and other decreased $0.6 million, or 1.7% in the quarter and $0.4 million, or 0.5% year-to-date compared to the prior year, due primarily to a decrease in franchise same-store sales driving royalties lower, partially offset year-to-date by an $0.8 million increase in franchise incentives recorded as a reduction of franchise royalties.
Franchise contributions for advertising and other services decreased $4.9 million, or 12.5% in the quarter and $2.9 million, or 3.2% year-to-date compared to the prior year, primarily due to lower marketing contributions from our franchisees of $5.4 million in the quarter and $4.4 million year-to-date mainly as a result of a decrease in the contribution percentage and lower franchise restaurant sales, partially offset by an increase in technology fees charged to our franchisees.
Franchise occupancy expenses, principally rents, increased $9.7 million in the quarter and $23.5 million year-to-date compared to the prior year, due primarily to the adoption of ASC 842, which increased franchise occupancy expenses by $9.5 million in the quarter and $22.8 million year-to-date.
Franchise support and other costs increased $0.2 million in the quarter and $2.0 million year-to-date compared to the prior year, primarily as a result of an increase in franchisee bad debt expense.
Franchise advertising and other service expenses decreased $4.5 million, or 11.2% in the quarter and $3.6 million, or 3.8% year-to-date compared to the prior year, due to a decrease in marketing contributions from our franchisees of $5.4 million in the quarter and $4.4 million year-to-date, partially offset by an increase in information technology costs.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization decreased by $0.4 million in the quarter and $0.8 million year-to-date compared with the prior year, primarily due to our franchise building assets becoming fully depreciated in the current fiscal year.
29

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses
The following table presents the change in 2020 SG&A expenses compared with the prior year (in thousands):

| Increase / (Decrease) |  |
| Quarter |  | Year-to-date
Advertising | $ | (349) |  |  |  | $ | (2,222) |
Incentive compensation (including share-based compensation and related payroll taxes) | (2,373) |  |  |  | 641 |
Cash surrender value of COLI policies, net | 7,221 |  |  |  | 3,715 |
Litigation matters | 1,917 |  |  |  | 5,799 |
Other (includes transition services income and savings related to our restructuring plan) | 202 |  |  |  | 2,850 |
| $ | 6,618 |  |  | $ | 10,783 |

Advertising costs represent company contributions to our marketing fund and are generally determined as a percentage of company-operated restaurant sales. Advertising costs decreased $0.3 million in the quarter and $2.2 million year-to-date compared to the prior year. In the quarter, the decrease was driven by a decrease in the contribution percentage and lower company-operated restaurant sales. Year-to-date the decrease was primarily due to a $2.0 million discretionary marketing fund contribution made by the Company in 2019 that was non-recurring in 2020.
Incentive compensation decreased by $2.4 million in the quarter mainly as a result of lower achievement levels compared to the prior year for performance-stock units and the Company’s annual incentive plan.
The cash surrender value of our company-owned life insurance (“COLI”) policies, net of changes in our non-qualified deferred compensation obligation supported by these policies, are subject to market fluctuations. The changes in market values had a negative impact of $7.2 million in the quarter and $3.7 million year-to-date, compared to the prior year.
Litigation matters increased by $1.9 million in the quarter and $5.8 million year-to-date, primarily due to costs accrued in 2020 for various employment litigation matters. Refer to Note 13, Contingencies and Legal Matters, of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding these charges.
Impairment and Other Charges, Net
Impairment and other charges, net is comprised of the following (in thousands):

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Restructuring costs | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 946 |  |  |  | $ | 1,163 |  |  | $ | 6,786 |
Costs of closed restaurants and other | 331 |  |  | 383 |  |  |  | 432 |  |  | 1,249 |
Losses (gains) on disposition of property and equipment, net | 267 |  |  | (714) |  |  |  | (10,170) |  |  | (138) |
Accelerated depreciation | — |  |  | 510 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 926 |
| $ | 716 |  |  | $ | 1,125 |  |  | $ | (8,575) |  |  | $ | 8,823 |

Impairment and other charges, net decreased by $0.4 million in the quarter compared to a year ago, driven by a $1.0 million increase in losses on the disposition of property and equipment due to an eminent domain gain in the prior year, partially offset by a decrease in restructuring costs as we conclude our restructuring initiative. Year-to-date, impairment and other charges, net decreased $17.4 million due to a $10.8 million gain related to the sale of one of our corporate office buildings in first quarter of the 2020, as well as $5.6 million decrease in restructuring costs.
Gains on the Sale of Company-Operated Restaurants
In 2020 and 2019, no company-operated restaurants were sold to franchisees. Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants in both periods pertain to meeting certain contingent consideration provisions included in restaurants sold in previous years.
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Other Pension and Post-Retirement Expenses, Net
Other pension and post-retirement expenses, net increased by $0.2 million in the quarter and $39.5 million year-to-date versus the prior year, primarily due to non-cash pension settlement charges in 2020. Refer to Note 10, Retirement Plans, of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding these charges.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net is comprised of the following (in thousands):

| Quarter |  |  |  | Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019 |  | April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Interest expense | $ | 15,458 |  |  | $ | 13,414 |  |  |  | $ | 35,877 |  |  | $ | 31,026 |
Interest income | (49) |  |  | (138) |  |  |  | (526) |  |  | (376) |
Interest expense, net | $ | 15,409 |  |  | $ | 13,276 |  |  | $ | 35,351 |  |  | $ | 30,650 |

Interest expense, net increased $2.1 million in the quarter and $4.9 million year-to-date compared with a year ago, primarily due to higher average borrowings which contributed additional interest expense of approximately $2.8 million and $6.1 million, respectively; partially offset by lower average interest rates.
Income Taxes
The tax rate in 2020 was 32.3% in the quarter and 30.7% year-to-date, compared with 25.0% and 24.0% respectively, in fiscal year 2019. The major components of the change in tax rates were a decrease in operating earnings before income tax, an increase in the impact of non-deductible compensation for certain officers, an increase in losses from the market performance of insurance products used to fund certain non-qualified retirement plans which are excluded from taxable income, and an increase in non-deductible legal settlements. The final annual tax rate cannot be determined until the end of the fiscal year; therefore, the actual 2020 rate could differ from our current estimates.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
General
As is common in the restaurant industry, we maintain relatively low levels of accounts receivable and inventories, and our vendors grant trade credit for purchases such as food and supplies. We also continually invest in our business through the addition of new units and refurbishment of existing units, which are reflected as long-term assets and not as part of working capital. As a result, we may at times maintain current liabilities in excess of current assets, which results in a working capital deficit. We generally reinvest available cash flows from operations to enhance existing restaurants, to reduce debt, to repurchase shares of our common stock, and to pay cash dividends. Our cash requirements consist principally of working capital, capital expenditures, income tax payments, debt service requirements, franchise tenant improvement allowance distributions, and obligations related to our benefit plans.
Our primary sources of short-term and long-term liquidity are expected to be cash flows from operations and available financing in place. On July 8, 2019, we completed a refinancing of our existing senior credit facility with a new securitized financing facility, comprised of $1.3 billion of senior fixed-rate term notes and $150.0 million of variable funding notes. During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, to secure our liquidity position and provide financial flexibility given the uncertain market conditions, we drew down on our Variable Funding Notes, which provided us $107.9 million of unrestricted cash. As of the end of our second quarter, the Company had $169.2 million of cash and restricted cash on its balance sheet.
In the context of an unprecedented global pandemic, we believe it is prudent to maintain maximum financial flexibility by preserving our capital and maintaining the Company’s healthy liquidity position. As a result, we have suspended our quarterly cash dividend and all share repurchase activity, significantly reduced capital expenditures to essential spend only, and have negotiated rent concessions with our landlords, which were passed on to our franchisees. Additional measures we have taken to ensure the financial health of our franchise operators include deferring approximately 40% of April rents, reducing and deferring March and April marketing fees to give operators more cash, and delaying remodel requirements and development agreements for at least six months.
We believe that our cash on hand, cash flow from operations, and the actions taken to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic discussed above will provide us with adequate liquidity for the next twelve months and the foreseeable future.
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Cash Flows
The table below summarizes our cash flows from continuing operations (in thousands):

| Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Total cash provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 58,927 |  |  | $ | 60,816 |
Investing activities | 29,601 |  |  | (8,144) |
Financing activities | (70,905) |  |  | (53,787) |
Net cash flows | $ | 17,623 |  |  | $ | (1,115) |

Operating Activities. Operating cash flows decreased $1.9 million compared with a year ago, primarily due to lower net income adjusted for non-cash items of $13.4 million, partially offset by favorable changes in working capital of $11.5 million, primarily due to an increase in payables from both timing of payments and extending payment terms during the period; partially offset by lower collections on receivables as a result of postponing collections on marketing and rent payments from our franchisees.
Pension and Postretirement Contributions — Our policy is to fund our pension plans at or above the minimum required by law. As of January 1, 2019, the date of our last actuarial funding valuation, there was no minimum contribution funding requirement for our qualified pension plan. We continue to evaluate contributions to our Qualified Plan based on changes in pension assets as a result of asset performance in the current market and the economic environment. We do not anticipate making any contributions to our Qualified Plan in fiscal 2020. In 2020, we contributed $3.6 million to our non-qualified pension plan and postretirement plans.
Investing Activities. Cash provided by investing activities increased by $37.7 million compared with a year ago, primarily due to higher proceeds from the sale and leaseback of assets of $15.4 million, higher proceeds from the sale of property and equipment of $20.9 million, and $5.4 million of lower capital expenditure spending, partially offset by $6.5 million of lower repayments received on notes issued in connection with 2018 refranchising transactions.
Capital Expenditures — The composition of capital expenditures in each period follows (in thousands):

| Year-to-date |  |
| April 12, 2020 |  | April 14, 2019
Jack in the Box: |  |  |
Restaurant facility expenditures | $ | 6,443 |  |  | $ | 9,780 |
New restaurants | — |  |  | 1,452 |
Other, including information technology | 1,967 |  |  | 6,586 |
| 8,410 |  |  | 17,818 |
Corporate Services: |  |  |
Information technology | 2,926 |  |  | 373 |
Other, including facility improvements | 1,441 |  |  | — |
| 4,367 |  |  | 373 |
Total capital expenditures | $ | 12,777 |  |  | $ | 18,191 |

Our capital expenditure program includes, among other things, restaurant remodeling, information technology enhancements, and investments in new locations and equipment. Capital expenditures decreased by $5.4 million compared to a year ago primarily due to lower facility expenditures from restaurant remodels and technology initiatives; partially offset by higher spending on certain corporate technology initiatives in 2020.
Sale leaseback transactions — We use sale and leaseback financing to lower the initial cash investment in our restaurants to the cost of the equipment, whenever possible. In 2020, we completed a sale leaseback transaction of a multi-tenant commercial property in Los Angeles, California and leased back the parcel on which a company-operated restaurant is located. We received net proceeds of $17.4 million during the first quarter of 2020 on this transaction.
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In 2020, we also completed the sale of one of our corporate office buildings as we move forward with our previously announced consolidation of our corporate facilities. We entered into a lease with the buyer to leaseback the property for up to a period of 18 months with an option to terminate earlier without penalty, upon providing a 90-day notice. We received net proceeds of $20.6 million on the sale.
Financing Activities. Cash flows used in financing activities increased by $17.1 million compared with a year ago, primarily due to a net increase in borrowings under our revolving credit facilities of $98.9 million, lower principal repayments of $18.1 million as a result of our debt recapitalization completed in the prior year, and lower payments for debt issuance costs of $3.4 million; partially offset by higher stock repurchases of $141.2 million.
Repurchases of Common Stock — The Company repurchased approximately 1.9 million shares of its common stock in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 at an average price of $81.41 per share for an aggregate cost of $153.5 million. Repurchases of common stock included in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for fiscal 2020 includes $2.0 million related to repurchase transactions traded in the prior year that settled in 2020.
This leaves approximately $122.2 million remaining under share repurchase programs authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors, consisting of $22.2 million that expires in November 2020 and approximately $100.0 million that expires in November 2021. As previously announced, we have temporarily paused our share repurchase program and did not buy back any shares in the second quarter.
Dividends — During 2020, the Board of Directors declared two quarterly cash dividends of $0.40 per common share totaling $18.5 million.
In addition to temporarily suspending our share repurchase program, on May 8, 2020, the Board of Directors approved our voluntary election to temporarily suspend quarterly dividend payments. We will continue to monitor and revisit our capital allocation policies throughout the third quarter with the goal of reinstating dividends and share repurchases once we have more clarity around the scope and duration of the disruption caused by COVID-19.
Class A-2 Notes — Interest and principal payments on the Class A-2 Notes are payable on a quarterly basis. In general, no principal payments will be required if a specified leverage ratio, which is a measure of outstanding debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, adjusted for certain items (as defined in the Indenture), is less than or equal to 5.0x. The Company’s actual leverage ratio exceeded 5.0x, and as a result, we are required to make quarterly principal payments of $3.25 million. The Company anticipates that we will be required to make quarterly principal payments on the Class A-2 Notes for the foreseeable future.
The legal final maturity date of the Class A-2 Notes is in August 2049, but it is expected that, unless earlier prepaid to the extent permitted under the Indenture, the anticipated repayment dates of the Class A-2-I Notes, the Class A-2-II Notes and the Class A-2-III Notes will be August 2023, August 2026 and August 2029, respectively (the “Anticipated Repayment Dates”). If the Master Issuer has not repaid or refinanced the Class A-2 Notes prior to the respective anticipated repayment date, additional interest will accrue pursuant to the Indenture. As of April 12, 2020, $1,296.8 million of borrowings were outstanding on the Class A-2 Notes.
Restricted Cash — In accordance with the terms of the Indenture, certain cash accounts have been established with the Indenture trustee for the benefit of the note holders, and are restricted in their use. As of April 12, 2020, the Master Issuer had restricted cash of $37.0 million, which primarily represented cash collections and cash reserves held by the trustee to be used for payments of principal, interest and commitment fees required for the Class A-2 Notes. During the second quarter, as a cautionary measure, we voluntarily elected to reserve the third quarter’s principal and interest payments due in August 2020.
Variable Funding Notes — The Variable Funding Notes were issued under the Indenture and allow for drawings of up to $150.0 million on a revolving basis and the issuance of letters of credit. Depending on the type of borrowing under the Variable Funding Notes, interest on the Variable Funding Notes will be based on (i) the prime rate, (ii) overnight federal funds rates, (iii) the London interbank offered rate for U.S. Dollars or (iv) the lenders’ commercial paper funding rate plus any applicable margin, as set forth in the Variable Funding Note Purchase Agreement. There is a scaled commitment fee on the unused portion of the Variable Funding Notes facility of between 50 and 100 basis points. It is anticipated that the principal and interest on the Variable Funding Notes will be repaid in full on or prior to August 2024, subject to two one-year extensions at the option of the Company. Following the anticipated repayment date (and any extensions thereof), additional interest will accrue equal to 5.00% per annum. As of April 12, 2020 and September 29, 2019, $41.1 million and $45.6 million, respectively, of letters of credit were outstanding against the Variable Funding Notes. As of September 29, 2019, we had no outstanding borrowings under our Variable Funding Notes. During the second quarter of 2020, with uncertainty surrounding COVID-19 events, and as a cautionary measure, we borrowed $107.9 million under the Variable Funding Notes. The Company may use the proceeds from the borrowings for working capital and general corporate purposes. As of April 12, 2020, remaining borrowing availability under our Variable Funding Notes was $1.1 million.
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Covenants and restrictions — The Class A-2 Notes and the Variable Funding Notes (collectively referred to as the “Notes”) are subject to a series of covenants and restrictions customary for transactions of this type, including (i) that the Master Issuer maintains specified reserve accounts to be used to make required payments in respect of the Notes, (ii) provisions relating to optional and mandatory prepayments and the related payment of specified amounts, including specified make-whole payments in the case of the Class A-2 Notes under certain circumstances, (iii) certain indemnification payments in the event, among other things, the assets pledged as collateral for the Notes are in stated ways defective or ineffective and (iv) covenants relating to recordkeeping, access to information and similar matters. The Notes are also subject to customary rapid amortization events provided for in the Indenture, including events tied to failure to maintain stated debt service coverage ratios, the sum of global gross sales for specified restaurants being below certain levels on certain measurement dates, certain manager termination events, an event of default, and the failure to repay or refinance the Class A-2 Notes on the applicable scheduled maturity date. The Notes are also subject to certain customary events of default, including events relating to non-payment of required interest, principal, or other amounts due on or with respect to the Notes, failure to comply with covenants within certain time frames, certain bankruptcy events, breaches of specified representations and warranties, failure of security interests to be effective, and certain judgments. As of April 12, 2020, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenant requirements and were not subject to any rapid amortization events.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have entered into certain off-balance sheet contractual obligations and commitments in the ordinary course of business, which are recognized in our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. There has been no material change in these arrangements as disclosed in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2019. We are not a party to any other off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
DISCUSSION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Critical accounting estimates are those that we believe are most important for the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results, and that require management’s most subjective and complex judgments. Judgments and uncertainties regarding the application of these policies may result in materially different amounts being reported under various conditions or using different assumptions. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting estimates previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2019.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation, of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including further impacts that COVID-19 pandemic may have on our future operations. Any statements contained herein that are not historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “goals,” “guidance,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “may,” “will,” “would”, “should” and similar expressions. These statements are based on management’s current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our business and the industry in which we operate. These estimates and assumptions involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. Factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
•The potential impacts to our business and operations resulting from the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic.
•We face significant competition in the food service industry and our inability to compete may adversely affect our business.
•Changes in demographic trends and in customer tastes and preferences could cause sales and the royalties we receive from franchisees to decline.
•Changes in consumer confidence and declines in general economic conditions could negatively impact our financial results.
•Increases in food and commodity costs could decrease our profit margins or result in a modified menu, which could adversely affect our financial results.
•Failure to receive scheduled deliveries of high quality food ingredients and other supplies could harm our operations and reputation.
•We have a limited number of suppliers for our major products and rely on a distribution network with a limited number of distribution partners for the majority of our national distribution program in the United States. If our suppliers or distributors are unable to fulfill their obligations under their contracts, it could harm our operations.
•Food safety and food-borne illness concerns may have an adverse effect on our business by reducing demand and increasing costs.
•Negative publicity relating to our business or industry could adversely impact our reputation.
•Our business could be adversely affected by increased labor costs.
•Inability to attract, train and retain top-performing personnel could adversely impact our financial results or business.
•We may not have the same resources as our competitors for marketing, advertising and promotion.
•We may be adversely impacted by severe weather conditions, natural disasters, terrorist acts or civil unrest that could result in property damage, injury to employees and staff, and lost restaurant sales.
•We may not achieve our development goals.
•Our highly franchised business model presents a number of risks, and the failure of our franchisees to operate successful and profitable restaurants could negatively impact our business.
•We are subject to financial and regulatory risks associated with our owned and leased properties and real estate development projects.
•Changes to estimates related to our property, fixtures, and equipment or operating results that are lower than our current estimates at certain restaurant locations may cause us to incur impairment charges on certain long-lived assets, which may adversely affect our results of operations.
•Our tax provision may fluctuate due to changes in expected earnings.
•Activities related to our sale of Qdoba, and our refranchising, restructuring, and cost savings initiatives entail various risks and may negatively impact our financial results.
•We are subject to the risk of cybersecurity breaches, intrusions, data loss, or other data security incidents.
•If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately determine our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, the Company’s stockholders could lose confidence in our financial results, which would harm our business and the value of the Company’s common shares.
•We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could harm the value of our brands and adversely affect our business.
•Jack in the Box may be subject to risk associated with disagreements with key stakeholders, such as franchisees.
•The securitized debt instruments issued by certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries have restrictive terms, and any failure to comply with such terms could result in default, which could harm the value of our brand and adversely affect our business.
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•We have a significant amount of debt outstanding. Such indebtedness, along with the other contractual commitments of our Company or its subsidiaries, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to meet debt payment obligations.
•The securitization transaction documents impose certain restrictions on our activities or the activities of our subsidiaries, and the failure to comply with such restrictions could adversely affect our business.
•Changes in accounting standards may negatively impact our results of operations.
•We are subject to increasing legal complexity and may be subject to claims or lawsuits that are costly to defend and could result in our payment of substantial damages or settlement costs.
•Unionization activities or labor disputes may disrupt our operations and affect our profitability.
•Increasing regulatory and legal complexity may adversely affect restaurant operations and our financial results; including federal, state, and local policies regarding mitigation strategies for controlling the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic.
•Our insurance may not provide adequate levels of coverage against claims.
•Our quarterly results and, as a result, the price of our common stock, may fluctuate significantly and could fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors due to various factors.
•The price of our common stock may be adversely affected by investor response to our temporary suspension of dividends and our stock repurchase program.
•Activities of activist stockholders could cause us to incur substantial costs, divert management’s attention and resources, and have an adverse effect on our business.
•Governmental regulation may adversely affect our existing and future operations and results, including by harming our ability to profitably operate our restaurants.
•The proliferation of federal, state, and local regulations increases our compliance risks, which in turn could adversely affect our business.
•Legislation and regulations regarding our products and ingredients, including the nutritional content of our products, could impact customer preferences and negatively impact our financial results.
•Failure to obtain and maintain required licenses and permits or to comply with food control regulations could lead to the loss of our food service licenses and, thereby, harm our business.
These and other factors are identified and described in more detail in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including, but not limited to: the “Discussion of Critical Accounting Estimates,” and other sections in this Form 10-Q and the “Risk Factors” section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2019 (“Form 10-K”). These documents may be read free of charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Potential investors are urged to consider these factors, more fully described in our Form 10-K, carefully in evaluating any forward-looking statements, and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are made only as of the date issued, and we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
In connection with the securitized refinancing completed on July 8, 2019, we are only exposed to interest rate risk on borrowings under our $150.0 million variable funding notes. During the second quarter of 2020, we borrowed $107.9 million under the variable funding notes, which remains outstanding as of April 12, 2020 and are subject to variable interest rates.
We are also exposed to the impact of commodity and utility price fluctuations. Many of the ingredients we use are commodities or ingredients that are affected by the price of other commodities, weather, seasonality, production, availability and various other factors outside our control. In order to minimize the impact of fluctuations in price and availability, we monitor the primary commodities we purchase and may enter into purchasing contracts and pricing arrangements when considered to be advantageous. However, certain commodities remain subject to price fluctuations. We are exposed to the impact of utility price fluctuations related to unpredictable factors such as weather and various other market conditions outside our control. Our ability to recover increased costs for commodities and utilities through higher prices is limited by the competitive environment in which we operate. We also could experience shortages of key ingredients if our suppliers need to close or restrict operations due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We have not experienced any material disruptions in our supply chains as of the date of this report.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management, under the oversight of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (its principal executive and principal financial officer, respectively), evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13-1-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting that was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2019.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended April 12, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Remediation of Material Weakness
As previously described in Part II, Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2019, we began implementing a remediation plan to address the material weakness mentioned above. The material weakness will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
There is no information required to be reported for any items under Part II, except as follows:
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note 13, Contingencies and Legal Matters, of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our contingencies and legal matters.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The risk factors set forth below contain material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed and included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2019. When evaluating our business and our prospects, you should consider the risks and uncertainties described under Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2019, which we filed with the SEC on November 21, 2019, as updated in this Item 1A. You should also consider the risks and uncertainties discussed under the heading “Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should also refer to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2019, including our financial statements and the related notes. These risks and uncertainties are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of the risks or uncertainties actually occurs, our business and financial results could be harmed. In that case, the market price of our common stock could decline.
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has disrupted and is expected to continue to disrupt our business, which has affected and could continue to materially affect our operations, financial condition and results of operations for an extended period of time.
The pandemic novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, federal, state and local government responses to COVID-19 and our responses to the outbreak have all disrupted and will continue to disrupt our business. In the United States, individuals are being encouraged to practice social distancing, restricted from gathering in groups, and in some areas, placed on complete restriction from non-essential movements outside of their homes. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak and these changing conditions, we previously announced that all company-owned and franchise-operated restaurants are operating in an off-premise capacity, including drive-thru, third-party delivery and carry-out. We have implemented a number of safety procedures, including implementing heightened sanitation requirements, practicing employee social distancing, and adhering to glove and mask protocol for all patrons and workers.
Our operating results substantially depend upon our franchisees’ sales volumes, restaurant profitability, and financial stability. The financial impact of COVID-19 has had, and is expected to continue to have, an adverse effect on our franchisees’ liquidity. To ensure financial health of our valued franchise operators, we have reduced marketing fees and postponed collection of these marketing fees, postponed the collection of certain franchisee rental payments and delayed all fiscal 2020 franchise development agreements by at least six months and suspended other required capital investments. To the extent our franchisees experience financial distress, our operating results may be adversely impacted, potentially materially affecting our liquidity, financial condition, or results of operations.
As discussed in this report, we have a significant amount of debt outstanding and have recently drawn down on our Variable Funding Notes, which provided us $107.9 million of unrestricted cash, to provide additional security to our liquidity position and provide financial flexibility given uncertain market and economic conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. A material increase in our level of debt could have certain material adverse effects on us. If the business interruptions caused by COVID-19 last longer than we expect, we may need to seek other sources of liquidity. The COVID-19 outbreak is adversely affecting the availability of liquidity generally in the credit markets, and there can be no guarantee that additional liquidity will be readily available or available on favorable terms, especially the longer the COVID-19 outbreak lasts.
Our business could be further disrupted if any of our company or franchised restaurant employees are diagnosed with COVID-19 since this could require us or our franchisees to quarantine some or all of a restaurant’s employees and disinfect the restaurants facilities. If a significant percentage of our or our franchisees’ workforce is unable to work, whether because of illness, quarantine, limitations on travel or other government restrictions in connection with COVID-19, our results may be adversely impacted, potentially materially affecting our liquidity, financial condition, or results of operations.
Our suppliers could be adversely impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak. If our suppliers’ employees are unable to work, whether because of illness, quarantine, limitations on travel or other government restrictions in connection with COVID-19, we could face cost increases and/or shortages of food items or other supplies across our restaurants and our results could be adversely impacted by such supply interruptions.
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The equity markets in the United States have been extremely volatile due to the COVID-19 outbreak and our stock price has fluctuated significantly.
Additional government regulations or legislation as a result of COVID-19 in addition to decisions we have made and may make in the future relating to the compensation of and benefit offerings for our company-operated restaurant team members could also have an adverse effect on our business. We cannot predict the types of government regulations or legislation that may be passed relating to employee compensation as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. We have implemented an emergency paid sick leave program at our company-operated restaurants and taken other compensation and benefit actions to support our restaurant team members during the COVID-19 business interruption, but those actions may not be sufficient to compensate our team members for the entire duration of any business interruption resulting from COVID-19. Those team members might seek and find other employment during that interruption, which could materially adversely affect our ability to properly staff and reopen our restaurants with experienced team members when the business interruptions caused by COVID-19 abate or end.
The COVID-19 outbreak also may have the effect of heightening other risks disclosed in the Risk Factors section including in our Form 10-K filed on November 21, 2019, including, but not limited to, those related to consumer confidence, increase in food and commodity costs, supply chain interruptions, labor availability and cost, cybersecurity incidents, increased indebtedness, regulatory and legal complexity, and governmental regulation.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Stock Repurchases — We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock in the second quarter of 2020. As of April 12, 2020, there was approximately $22.2 million remaining under the Board-authorized stock buyback program which expires in November 2020 and approximately $100.0 million which expires in November 2021.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS OF SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Effective May 8, 2020, the Board of Directors approved the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, which were updated to establish the roles and duties of the Chairman of the Board and Lead Director, and to provide that the Chairman of the Board, rather than the Chief Executive Officer, can call special meetings. The foregoing summary does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the complete copy of the Amended and Restated Bylaws, which has been filed as Exhibit 3.2, hereto and is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Interested parties should read the document in its entirety.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Number | Description | Form | Filed with SEC
3.1† |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated March 6, 1992 | 10-Q | Filed herewith
3.2 |  | Amende d and Restated Bylaws, dated May 8, 2020 | 10-Q | Filed herewith
10.2.14* |  | Phillip Rudolph Separation and Release Agreement, dated March 2, 2020 | 10-Q | Filed herewith
10.2.15* |  | Jack in the Box Inc. Severance Plan for Executive Officers, dated March 9, 2020 | 8-K | March 4, 2020
10.2.16* |  | Offer Letter by and between Darin Harris and Jack in the Box Inc., dated April 2, 2020 | 8-K | April 16, 2020
10.2.17* |  | Retention, Transition and Separation Agreement, by and between Leonard A. Comma and Jack in the Box Inc., dated April 16, 2020 | 8-K | April 16, 2020
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | — | Filed herewith
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | — | Filed herewith
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | — | Filed herewith
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | — | Filed herewith
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document |  |
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |
† Originally filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on December 2, 1999 |  |  |
* Management contract or compensatory plan |  |  |

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| JACK IN THE BOX INC. |
| By: | /S/ LANCE TUCKER
|  | Lance Tucker
|  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) (Duly Authorized Signatory)

Date: May 14, 2020
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