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Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies | 3. Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates — The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the financial statement dates and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Our significant estimates include the accrual for warranty, reserves for excess and obsolete inventory, rebates and other promotions, and valuation of intangible assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Principles of Consolidation — The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of American Outdoor Brands Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries, including Smith & Wesson Corp. and SWPC Plastics, LLC, reported in our Firearms segment; BTI, BTI Tools, Crimson Trace, and UST, reported in our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment; and SWSS LLC, formerly Smith & Wesson Security Solutions, Inc., or SWSS, our former security solutions division. In our opinion, all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary to fairly present the financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows at April 30, 2018 and 2017 and for the periods presented, have been included. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — Unless otherwise indicated, the fair values of all reported assets and liabilities, which represent financial instruments not held for trading purposes, approximate the carrying values of such amounts because of their short-term nature or market rates of interest. Cash and Cash Equivalents — We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. We maintain our cash in bank deposit accounts that, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts. As of April 30, 2018, all of our accounts exceeded federally insured limits. Financial Instruments — We account for derivative instruments under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure Topic, which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities and requires us to recognize these instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and measure them at fair value. The carrying value of our Term Loan approximated the fair value as of April 30, 2018. The carrying value of the 2020 Senior Notes as of April 30, 2018 approximated the fair value in considering Level 2 inputs within the hierarchy as the 2020 Senior Notes are not frequently traded. The fair value of the interest rate swap was estimated by a third party using inputs that are observable or that can be corroborated by observable market data, such as interest rate yield curves, and, therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. See Note 5 – Notes and Loans Payable and Financing Arrangements for more information regarding our financial instruments. Trade Receivables — We extend credit to our domestic customers and some foreign distributors based on their financial condition. We sometimes offer discounts for early payment on invoices. When we believe the extension of credit is not advisable, we rely on either a prepayment or a letter of credit. We write off balances deemed uncollectible by us against our allowance for doubtful accounts. We estimate our allowance for doubtful accounts through current past due balances, knowledge of our customers’ financial situations, and past payment history. Concentrations of Credit Risk — Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, and trade receivables. We place our cash and cash equivalents in overnight U.S. government securities. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade receivables are limited by the large number of customers comprising our customer base and their geographic and business dispersion. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and generally do not require collateral. For our fiscal year ended April 30, 2018, one of our customers accounted for 11.9% of net sales and none of our customers accounted for 10.0% or more of our accounts receivable. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2017, none of our customers exceeded 10% of net sales; however, one of our customers accounted for approximately 17.5% of our accounts receivable. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2016, we did not have any customers that exceeded either 10% of net sales or accounts receivable. Inventories — We value inventories at the lower cost, using the first-in, first-out, or FIFO method, or net realizable value. An allowance for potential non-saleable inventory due to excess stock or obsolescence is based upon a detailed review of inventory, past history, and expected future usage. Property, Plant, and Equipment — We record property, plant, and equipment, consisting of land, building, improvements, machinery, equipment, software, hardware, furniture, and fixtures, at cost and depreciate them using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. We charge expenditures for maintenance and repairs to earnings as incurred, and we capitalize additions, renewals, and betterments. Upon the retirement or other disposition of property and equipment, we remove the related cost and accumulated depreciation from the respective accounts and include any gain or loss in operations. A summary of the estimated useful lives is as follows:
Description |  | Useful Life |
Building and improvements |  |  | 10 to 40 years |
Software and hardware |  |  | 2 to 7 years |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 2 to 10 years |
We include tooling, dies, and fixtures as part of machinery and equipment and depreciate them over a period generally not exceeding ten years. Intangible Assets — We record intangible assets at cost or based on the fair value of the assets acquired. Intangible assets consist of developed technology, customer relationships, trademarks, trade names, and patents. We amortize intangible assets over their estimated useful lives or in proportion to expected yearly revenue generated from the intangibles that were acquired. Revenue Recognition — We recognize revenue when the following four basic criteria have been met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been provided; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collection is reasonably assured. Federal excise taxes assessed on firearms are excluded from net sales. Product sales account for most of our revenue. We recognize revenue from product sales when the earnings process is complete and the risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer, which is generally upon shipment but could be delayed until the receipt of customer acceptance. We also provide tooling, forging, heat treating, finishing, plating, and engineering support services to customers. We recognize this revenue when accepted by the customer, if applicable, when no further contingencies or material performance obligations exist, and when collectability is reasonably assured, thereby earning us the right to receive and retain payments for services performed and billed. Segment Information — We have two reporting segments: Firearms, which includes our Firearms and Manufacturing Services divisions; and Outdoor Products & Accessories, which includes our Outdoor Products & Accessories and Electro-Optics divisions that are separate operating segments but have been aggregated into one reporting segment. See Note 19 – Segment Reporting for more information regarding our segments. Research and Development — We engage in both internal and external research and development, or R&D, in order to remain competitive and to exploit possible untapped market opportunities. We approve prospective R&D projects after analysis of the cost and benefits associated with the potential product. Costs in R&D expense include, among other items, salaries, materials, utilities, and administrative costs. Earnings per Share — We calculate basic and diluted earnings per common share in accordance with the provisions of ASC 260-10, Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per common share equals net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share equals net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, including the effect of outstanding stock options and other stock-based instruments if their effect is dilutive. The following table provides a reconciliation of the net income amounts and weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares used to determine basic and diluted earnings per common share (in thousands, except per share data):
| For the Year Ended April 30, |
| 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
| Net |  |  |  |  |  |  | Per Share |  |  | Net |  |  |  |  |  |  | Per Share |  |  | Net |  |  |  |  |  |  | Per Share |
| Income |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Income |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Income |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |
Basic earnings | $ |  | 20,128 |  |  |  | 54,061 |  |  | $ |  | 0.37 |  |  | $ |  | 127,854 |  |  |  | 55,930 |  |  | $ |  | 2.29 |  |  | $ |  | 93,958 |  |  |  | 54,765 |  |  | $ |  | 1.72 |
Effect of dilutive stock awards |  | — |  |  |  | 773 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 961 |  |  |  |  | (0.04 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,200 |  |  |  |  | (0.04 | )
Diluted earnings | $ |  | 20,128 |  |  |  | 54,834 |  |  | $ |  | 0.37 |  |  | $ |  | 127,854 |  |  |  | 56,891 |  |  | $ |  | 2.25 |  |  | $ |  | 93,958 |  |  |  | 55,965 |  |  | $ |  | 1.68 |
All of our outstanding stock options and restricted stock units, or RSUs, were included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended April 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016. Valuation of Long-lived Tangible and Intangible Assets — We evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets, or asset groups, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. When such evaluations indicate that the related future undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient to recover the carrying values of the assets, such carrying values are reduced to fair value and this adjusted carrying value becomes the asset’s new cost basis. We determine fair value primarily using future anticipated cash flows that are directly associated with and are expected to arise as a direct result of the use and eventual disposition of the asset, or asset group, discounted using an interest rate commensurate with the risk involved. We have significant long-lived tangible and intangible assets, which are susceptible to valuation adjustments as a result of changes in various factors or conditions. The most significant long-lived tangible and intangible assets, other than goodwill, are property, plant, and equipment, developed technology, customer relationships, patents, trademarks, and trade names. We amortize all finite-lived intangible assets either on a straight-line basis or based upon patterns in which we expect to utilize the economic benefits of such assets. We initially determine the values of intangible assets by a risk-adjusted, discounted cash flow approach. We assess the potential impairment of identifiable intangible assets and fixed assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable and at least annually. Factors we consider important, which could trigger an impairment of such assets, include the following:
| • | significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results;
| • | significant changes in the manner or use of the assets or the strategy for our overall business;
| • | significant negative industry or economic trends;
| • | a significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period; and
| • | a decline in our market capitalization below net book value.
Future adverse changes in these or other unforeseeable factors could result in an impairment charge that could materially impact future results of operations and financial position in the reporting period identified. No material impairment charges were recorded in fiscal 2018, 2017, or 2016 based on the review of long-lived tangible and intangible assets. In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, we test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on February 1 and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist. The impairment test compares the fair value of the operating units to their carrying amounts to assess whether impairment is present. We have reviewed the provisions of ASC 280-10, Segment Reporting Topic, with respect to the criteria necessary to evaluate the number of reporting units that exist. Based on our review of ASC 280-10-50, we have determined that we operate in two reporting segments: Firearms and Outdoor Products & Accessories. Our Firearms reporting segment is one operating segment while our Outdoor Products & Accessories reporting segment has two operating segments: Outdoor Products & Accessories and Electro-Optics, which have been aggregated into one reporting segment. As of April 30, 2018, we had $191.3 million of goodwill. We estimate the fair value of our Firearms, Outdoor Products & Accessories, and Electro-Optics operating units using an equal weighting of the fair values derived from the income approach and the market approach because we believe a market participant would equally weight both approaches when valuing the operating units. The income approach is based on the projected cash flows that are discounted to their present value using discount rates that consider the timing and risk of the forecasted cash flows. Fair value is estimated using internally developed forecasts and assumptions. The discount rate used is the average estimated value of a market participant’s cost of capital and debt, derived using customary market metrics. Other significant assumptions include revenue growth rates, profitability projections, and terminal value growth rates. The market approach estimates fair values based on the determination of appropriate publicly traded market comparison companies and market multiples of revenue and earnings derived from those companies with similar operating and investment characteristics as the operating unit being valued. Finally, we compare and reconcile our overall fair value to our market capitalization in order to assess the reasonableness of the calculated fair values of our operating units. We recognize an impairment loss for goodwill if the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value. The fair values of all reporting units reflect the decrease in the federal statutory income tax rate as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or Tax Reform, that was recently enacted in the United States. As of our valuation date, our Firearms operating unit had $18.5 million of goodwill and its fair value significantly exceeded its carrying value. Our Outdoor Products & Accessories operating unit had $119.8 million of goodwill and its fair value exceeded its carrying value by 2.0%. Our Electro-Optics operating unit had $53.0 million of goodwill and its fair value exceeded its carrying value by 1.6%. Although we concluded that there was no impairment on the goodwill associated with our operating units as of April 30, 2018, we will continue to closely monitor their performance and related market conditions for future indicators of potential impairment and reassess accordingly. Our assumptions related to the development of fair value could deviate materially from actual results and forecasts used to support asset carrying values may change in the future, which could result in non-cash charges that would adversely affect our financial results of operations, specifically as it relates to our Outdoor Products & Accessories and Electro-Optics operating units. Income Taxes — We use the asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting income taxes. The provision for income taxes is based upon income reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as required by ASC 740-10, Accounting for Income Taxes. We determine deferred tax assets and liabilities based on temporary differences between financial reporting and tax bases in assets and liabilities and measure them by applying enacted rates and laws expected to be in place when the deferred items become subject to income tax or deductible for income tax purposes. We recognize the effect on deferred taxes and liabilities of a change in tax rates in the period that includes the enactment date. In assessing the realization of our deferred income tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that the deferred income tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of our deferred income tax assets depends upon generating future taxable income during the periods in which our temporary differences become deductible and before our net operating loss carryforwards expire. We evaluate the recoverability of our deferred income tax assets by assessing the need for a valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. If we determine that it is more likely than not that our deferred income tax assets will not be recovered, we establish a valuation allowance against some or all of our deferred income tax assets. Recording or reversing a valuation allowance could have a significant effect on our future results of operations and financial position. Warranty — We generally provide a limited one-year warranty and a lifetime service policy to the original purchaser of our new firearm products. We either provide a limited one year or limited lifetime warranty program to the original purchaser of most of our outdoor products and accessories products and we will repair or replace any of our electro-optics products or parts that are found to be defective under normal use and service with an item of equivalent value, at our option, without charge during the warranty period. We provide for estimated warranty obligations in the period in which we recognize the related revenue. We quantify and record an estimate for warranty-related costs based on our actual historical claims experience and current repair costs. We make adjustments to accruals as warranty claims data and historical experience warrant. Should we experience actual claims and repair costs that are higher than the estimated claims and repair costs used to calculate the provision, our operating results for the period or periods in which such returns or additional costs materialize would be adversely impacted. From time to time, we have experienced certain manufacturing and design issues with respect to some of our firearms and have initiated some product recalls and safety alerts in the past. In November 2011, we initiated a recall of all Thompson/Center Arms Venture rifles manufactured since the products’ introduction in mid-2009. In June 2013, we also initiated a recall of all Thompson/Center Arms bolt action rifles manufactured since the products’ introduction in 2007. In April 2018, we initiated a consumer advisory for certain models of our M&P Shield EZ pistols because in rare circumstances the safety on the pistol will move from the fire position to the “safety on” position when using ammunition that produces a high level of felt recoil. In May 2018, we initiated a recall of certain models of our electro-optics products that incorporated diodes manufactured by a particular third party because the diodes failed to comply with a Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, standard for laser products. We have made efforts to notify all consumers that may be impacted by this recall. The remaining cost of all recalls, safety alerts, and consumer advisories is $3.5 million, which is recorded in the accrued warranty balance. Warranty expense for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016 amounted to $5.8 million, $1.3 million, and $2.5 million, respectively. The following table sets forth the change in accrued warranties, a portion of which is recorded as a non-current liability, in the fiscal years ended April 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016 (in thousands):
Balance as of April 30, 2016 | $ |  | 8,403 |
Warranties issued and adjustments to provisions |  |  | 3,769 |
Changes related to preexisting product recall accruals |  |  | (2,437 | )
Warranties assumed in acquisition |  |  | 228 |
Warranty claims |  |  | (4,419 | )
Balance as of April 30, 2017 |  |  | 5,544 |
Warranties issued and adjustments to provisions |  |  | 5,834 |
Warranty claims |  |  | (3,865 | )
Balance as of April 30, 2018 | $ |  | 7,513 |
Sales and Promotional Related Expenses — We present product sales in our consolidated financial statements, net of customer promotional program costs that depend upon the volume of sales. For promotional program costs that are not dependent on the volume of sales, we record promotional costs in cost of goods sold. The total of all our promotional programs amounted to $58.2 million, $37.3 million, and $20.7 million for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. We have a co-op advertising program at the retail level. We expensed costs amounting to $23.3 million, $21.3 million, and $6.5 million for fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively, as selling and marketing expenses. Shipping and Handling — In the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we included amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling in net sales. In our Firearms segment, we include costs relating to shipping and handling charges, including inbound freight charges, internal transfer costs, and the other costs of our distribution network, in cost of goods sold. In our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment, inbound freight charges and internal transfer costs are included in cost of goods sold; however, costs incurred to distribute products to customers is included in general and administrative expenses. Insurance Reserves — We are self-insured through retentions or deductibles for the majority of our workers’ compensation, automobile, general liability, product liability, and group health insurance programs. Self-insurance amounts vary up to $10.0 million per occurrence; however, we believe the likelihood of reaching the maximum per occurrence limit is remote. We record our liability for estimated premiums and incurred losses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements on an undiscounted basis. Recently Issued Accounting Standard — In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), or ASU 2014-09. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and early adoption is permitted. Additionally, in March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which clarifies the identification of performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients (Topic 606), which provides clarifying guidance in certain narrow areas and adds some practical expedients. The effective dates for these ASU’s is the same as the effective date for ASU No. 2014-09. We have evaluated the new standard against our existing accounting policies and practices, including reviewing standard purchase orders, invoices, shipping terms, and agreements with customers. We will adopt the new standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 using the modified retrospective approach and will not restate our prior year consolidated financial statements. Based on this adoption, we will modify the timing of revenue recognition related to certain of our sales promotions that involve the shipment of free goods. We will recognize the cumulative effect of adopting this standard as an adjustment to our opening retained earnings. We expect the adjustment to retained earnings to be approximately $5.5 million, with an expected impact to fiscal 2019 revenue of $22.5 million relating to fiscal 2018 sales promotions, and an immaterial impact to net income on an ongoing basis. Prior periods will not be retrospectively restated. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), or ASU 2016-02, which amends the existing guidance to require lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities arising from operating leases in a classified balance sheet. The amendments of this ASU are effective for financial statements for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. We have begun to collect lease contract information from our subsidiaries and are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, or ASU 2017-04, which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by removing the second step of the two-step impairment test. The amendment requires an entity to perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. A goodwill impairment will be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds it fair value, not to exceed the amount of the goodwill. The requirements of ASU 2017-04 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We have elected to early adopt this standard during the year ended April 30, 2017, which had no impact on our consolidated financial statements. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement —Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which will allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for the tax effects resulting from Tax Reform that are stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income. This standard also requires certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. This ASU, however, does not change the underlying guidance that requires the effects of a change in tax laws or rates to be included from continuing operations. The requirements of this ASU are effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The new guidance can be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in the corporate income tax rate is recognized. We have elected to early adopt this standard during the year ended April 30, 2018, which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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