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Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates — The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the financial statement dates and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Our significant estimates include the accrual for warranty, reserves for excess and obsolete inventory, rebates and other promotions, and valuation of intangible assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Principles of Consolidation — The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Smith & Wesson Brands, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, including Smith & Wesson Inc., Smith & Wesson Sales Company, and SWPC Plastics, LLC. In our opinion, all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary to fairly present the financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows at April 30, 2021 and 2020 and for the periods presented, have been included. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — Unless otherwise indicated, the fair values of all reported assets and liabilities, which represent financial instruments not held for trading purposes, approximate the carrying values of such amounts because of their short-term nature or market rates of interest. Cash and Cash Equivalents — We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. We maintain our cash in bank deposit accounts that, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts. As of April 30, 2021, all of our accounts exceeded federally insured limits. Financial Instruments — We account for derivative instruments under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure Topic, which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities and requires us to recognize these instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and measure them at fair value. As of April 30, 2021, we did not have any Level 2 financial instruments within the hierarchy. See Note 6 – Notes, Loans Payable, and Financing Arrangements for more information regarding our financial instruments. Trade Receivables — We extend credit to our domestic customers and some foreign distributors based on their financial condition. We sometimes offer discounts for early payment on invoices. When we believe the extension of credit is not advisable, we rely on either a prepayment or a letter of credit. We write off balances deemed uncollectible by us against our allowance for doubtful accounts. We estimate our allowance for doubtful accounts through current past due balances, knowledge of our customers’ financial situations, and past payment history. Concentrations of Credit Risk — Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, and trade receivables. We place our cash and cash equivalents in overnight U.S. government securities. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade receivables are limited by the large number of customers comprising our customer base and their geographic and business dispersion. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and generally do not require collateral. For the year ended April 30, 2021, four of our customers exceeded 10% of our net sales and accounted for approximately 45.0% of our net sales. Two of these customers each accounted for more than 10% of our accounts receivable for a total of 28.4%. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020, four of our customers accounted for more than 10% of our net sales and accounted for approximately 43.9% of our net sales and three customers accounted for approximately 45.3% of our accounts receivable. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, one of our customers accounted for 10.4% of our net sales and one of our customers accounted for 23.1% of our accounts receivable. Inventories — We value inventories at the lower cost, using the first-in, first-out, or FIFO method, or net realizable value. An allowance for potential non-saleable inventory due to excess stock or obsolescence is based upon a detailed review of inventory, past history, and expected future usage. Property, Plant, and Equipment — We record property, plant, and equipment, consisting of land, building, improvements, machinery, equipment, software, hardware, furniture, and fixtures, at cost and depreciate them using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. We charge expenditures for maintenance and repairs to earnings as incurred, and we capitalize additions, renewals, and betterments. Upon the retirement or other disposition of property and equipment, we remove the related cost and accumulated depreciation from the respective accounts and include any gain or loss in operations. We lease certain of our real estate, machinery, photocopiers, and vehicles under non-cancelable operating lease agreements, and we recognize expenses under our operating lease assets and liabilities at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are based on the expected life of the lease. A summary of the estimated useful lives is as follows:
Description |  | Useful Life |
Building and improvements |  |  | 10 to 40 years |
Software and hardware |  |  | 2 to 7 years |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 2 to 10 years |
We include tooling, dies, and fixtures as part of machinery and equipment and depreciate them over a period generally not exceeding ten years. Intangible Assets — We record intangible assets at cost or based on the fair value of the assets acquired. Intangible assets consist of developed technology, customer relationships, trademarks, trade names, and patents. We amortize intangible assets over their estimated useful lives or in proportion to expected yearly revenue generated from the intangibles that were acquired. Revenue Recognition — We recognize revenue in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which became effective for us on May 1, 2018. Generally, all performance obligations are satisfied and revenue is recognized when the risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer, which is generally upon shipment but could be delayed until the receipt of customer acceptance. In some instances, sales include multiple performance obligations. The most common of these instances relates to sales promotion programs under which customers are entitled to receive free goods based upon their purchase of our products, which we have identified as a material right. The fulfillment of these free goods is our responsibility. In such instances, we allocate the revenue of the promotional sales based on the estimated level of participation in the sales promotional program and the timing of the shipment of all of the products included in the promotional program, including the free goods. We recognize r evenue related to the material right proportionally as each performance obligation is satisfied. The net change in contract liabilities for a given period is reported as an increase or decrease to sales. We generally sell our products free on board, or FOB, shipping point and provide payment terms to most commercial customers ranging from 20 to 90 days of product shipment with a discount available to some customers for early payment. Generally, framework contracts define the general terms of sales, including payment terms, freight terms, insurance requirements, and cancelation provisions. Purchase orders define the terms for specific sales, including description, quantity, and price of each product purchased. We estimate variable consideration relative to the amount of cash discounts to which customers are likely to be entitled. In some instances, we provide longer payment terms, particularly as it relates to our fall dating programs for hunting sales, which represent payment terms due in the fall for certain orders of hunting products received in the spring and summer. As a result of utilizing practical expedience upon the adoption of ASC 606, we do not consider these extended terms to be a significant financing component of the contract because the payment terms are less than one year. In all cases, we consider our costs related to shipping and handling to be a cost of fulfilling the contract with the customer. Research and Development — We engage in both internal and external research and development, or R&D, in order to remain competitive and to exploit possible untapped market opportunities. We approve prospective R&D projects after analysis of the cost and benefits associated with the potential product. Costs in R&D expense include, among other items, salaries, materials, utilities, and administrative costs. Earnings/(Loss) per Share — We calculate basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per common share in accordance with the provisions of ASC 260-10, Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings/(loss) per common share equals net income/(loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings/(loss) per common share equals net income/(loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, including the effect of outstanding stock options and other stock-based instruments if their effect is dilutive. The following table provides a reconciliation of the net income/(loss) amounts and weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares used to determine basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per common share (in thousands, except per share data):
| For the Year Ended April 30, |
| 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net income/(loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income from continuing operations | $ | 243,571 |  |  | $ | 27,653 |  |  | $ | 24,920 |
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations |  | 8,478 |  |  |  | (88,883 | ) |  |  | (6,510 | )
Net income/(loss) | $ | 252,049 |  |  | $ | (61,230 | ) |  | $ | 18,410 |
Weighted average shares outstanding — Basic |  | 54,613 |  |  |  | 54,983 |  |  |  | 54,483 |
Effect of dilutive stock awards |  | 739 |  |  | 682 |  |  |  | 733 |
Weighted average shares outstanding — Diluted |  | 55,352 |  |  |  | 55,665 |  |  |  | 55,216 |
Earnings/(loss) per share — Basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income from continuing operations | $ | 4.46 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.46 |
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | (1.62 | ) |  | $ | (0.12 | )
Net income/(loss) | $ | 4.62 |  |  | $ | (1.11 | ) |  | $ | 0.34 |
Earnings/(loss) per share — Diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income from continuing operations | $ | 4.40 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.45 |
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | (1.60 | ) |  | $ | (0.12 | )
Net income/(loss) | $ | 4.55 |  |  | $ | (1.10 | ) |  | $ | 0.33 |
All of our outstanding stock options and restricted stock units, or RSUs, were included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended April 30, 20 21 and 20 20. Valuation of Long-lived Tangible and Intangible Assets — We evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets, or asset groups, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. When such evaluations indicate that the related future undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient to recover the carrying values of the assets, such carrying values are reduced to fair value and this adjusted carrying value becomes the asset’s new cost basis. We determine fair value primarily using future anticipated cash flows that are directly associated with and are expected to arise as a direct result of the use and eventual disposition of the asset, or asset group, discounted using an interest rate commensurate with the risk involved. We have significant long-lived tangible and intangible assets, which are susceptible to valuation adjustments as a result of changes in various factors or conditions. The most significant long-lived tangible and intangible assets, other than goodwill, are property, plant, and equipment, developed technology, customer relationships, patents, trademarks, and trade names. We amortize all finite-lived intangible assets either on a straight-line basis or based upon patterns in which we expect to utilize the economic benefits of such assets. We initially determine the values of intangible assets by a risk-adjusted, discounted cash flow approach. We assess the potential impairment of identifiable intangible assets and fixed assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable and at least annually. Factors we consider important, which could trigger an impairment of such assets, include the following:
| • | significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results;
| • | significant changes in the manner or use of the assets or the strategy for our overall business;
| • | significant negative industry or economic trends;
| • | a significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period; and
| • | a decline in our market capitalization below net book value.
Future adverse changes in these or other unforeseeable factors could result in an impairment charge that could materially impact future results of operations and financial position in the reporting period identified. In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, we test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on February 1 and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist. The impairment test compares the fair value of the operating units to their carrying amounts to assess whether impairment is present. We have reviewed the provisions of ASC 350-20, with respect to the criteria necessary to evaluate the number of reporting units that exist. Based on this review, following the Separation, we had concluded that we have one operating unit when reviewing ASC 350-20. We review the fair value of our goodwill based on financial performance annually. As of our last valuation date, February 1, 2021, we had $19.0 million of goodwill and its fair value significantly exceeded its carrying value, based on EBITDAS, cashflow, and market capitalization. Our assumptions related to the development of fair value could deviate materially from actual results and forecasts used to support asset carrying values may change in the future, which could result in non-cash charges that would adversely affect our financial results of operations. The re-measurement of goodwill is classified as a Level 3 fair value assessment as described in Note 13 - Fair Value Measurement, due to the significance of unobservable inputs developed using company-specific information. Income Taxes — We use the asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting income taxes. The provision for income taxes is based upon income reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as required by ASC 740-10, Accounting for Income Taxes. We determine deferred tax assets and liabilities based on temporary differences between financial reporting and tax bases in assets and liabilities and measure them by applying enacted rates and laws expected to be in place when the deferred items become subject to income tax or deductible for income tax purposes. We recognize the effect on deferred taxes and liabilities of a change in tax rates in the period that includes the enactment date. In assessing the realization of our deferred income tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that the deferred income tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of our deferred income tax assets depends upon generating future taxable income during the periods in which our temporary differences become deductible and before our net operating loss carryforwards expire. We evaluate the recoverability of our deferred income tax assets by assessing the need for a valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. If we determine that it is more likely than not that our deferred income tax assets will not be recovered, we establish a valuation allowance against some or all of our deferred income tax assets. Recording or reversing a valuation allowance could have a significant effect on our future results of operations and financial position. Warranty — We generally provide a limited one-year warranty and a lifetime service policy to the original purchaser of our new firearm products. We either provide a limited one-year, or a limited-lifetime warranty to the original purchaser of most of our products. We will also repair or replace certain products or parts found to be defective under normal use and service with an item of equivalent value, at our option, without charge during the warranty period. We quantify and record an estimate for warranty-related costs based on our actual historical claims experience and current repair costs. We adjust accruals as warranty claims data and historical experience warrant. Should we experience actual claims and repair costs that are higher than the estimated claims and repair costs used to calculate the provision, our operating results for the period or periods in which such returns or additional costs materialize would be adversely impacted. From time to time, we have experienced certain manufacturing and design issues with respect to some of our firearms and have initiated some product recalls and safety alerts. In October 2020, we initiated a recall for certain models of our M&P Shield EZ pistols manufactured between March 1, 2020 and October 31, 2020 because some hammers manufactured by our supplier were cracked and could potentially cause a discharge without depressing the trigger. The remaining estimated cost of all recalls, safety alerts, and consumer advisories is $323,000, which is recorded in accrued warranty on our consolidated balance sheet. The remaining balance relates to a general accrual related to standard warranty costs for products shipped in the ordinary course of business. Warranty expense for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2021, 2020, and 2019 amounted to $5.2 million, $1.8 million, and $2.7 million, respectively. The following table sets forth the change in accrued warranties, a portion of which is recorded as a non-current liability, in the fiscal years ended April 30, 2021, 2020, and 2019 (in thousands):
Balance as of April 30, 2019 |  |  | 5,026 |
Warranties issued and adjustments to provisions |  |  | 1,757 |
Warranty claims |  |  | (2,887 | )
Balance as of April 30, 2020 |  |  | 3,896 |
Warranties issued and adjustments to provisions |  |  | 5,163 |
Warranty claims |  |  | (3,366 | )
Balance as of April 30, 2021 | $ |  | 5,693 |
Sales and Promotional Related Expenses — We present product sales in our consolidated financial statements, net of customer promotional program costs that depend upon the volume of sales. For promotional program costs that do not depend on the volume of sales, we record promotional costs in cost of goods sold. The total of all our promotional programs amounted to $10.5 million, $43.6 million, and $39.2 million for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. We have a co-op advertising program at the retail level. We expensed costs amounting to $15.2 million, $9.2 million, and $8.0 million for fiscal 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, as selling and marketing expenses. Shipping and Handling — In the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we included amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling in net sales. Beginning in fiscal 2020, inbound freight charges and internal transfer costs are included in cost of goods sold; however, costs incurred to distribute products to customers is included in selling, marketing, and distribution expenses. As a result of this change, we recorded $4.4 million of costs in selling, marketing, and distribution expenses that would have been recorded in cost of sales in fiscal 2019. Prior to fiscal 2020, we included costs relating to shipping and handling charges, including inbound freight charges, internal transfer costs, and the other costs of our distribution network, in cost of goods sold. Insurance Reserves — In January 2020, we formed a wholly owned captive insurance company, which provides product liability insurance to us and our subsidiaries. This captive insurance company was recorded in our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021 and 2020. We are self-insured through retentions or deductibles for the majority of our workers’ compensation, automobile, general liability, product liability, and group health insurance programs. Self-insurance amounts vary up to $10.0 million per occurrence; however, we believe the likelihood of reaching the maximum per occurrence limit is remote. We record our liability for estimated premiums and incurred losses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements on an undiscounted basis. Recently Issued Accounting Standards — In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), or ASU 2016-02, which amends the existing guidance to require lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in a classified balance sheet. The most prominent among the changes in the standard is the requirement for lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for those leases classified as operating leases under current GAAP. The requirements of ASU 2016-02 are effective for financial statements for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. We used the optional transitional method allowed by ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. Under this method, we applied the standard using the modified retrospective method with an adoption date of May 1, 2019. We elected to use the package of practical expedients, which permits us to not reassess certain lease contract provisions. We adopted ASU 2016-02 effective May 1, 2019 and recognized right-of-use assets of $11.5 million and lease liabilities of $12.8 million. The difference between the right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities of $1.3 million is a result of the reclassification of deferred rent and lease incentive liabilities primarily relating to our real estate operating leases into the right-of use assets, which had no impact to retained earnings. See also Note 4 — Leases, for more information. In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, or ASU 2016-13. ASU 2016-13 changes the impairment model for most financial assets that are measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade receivables, from an incurred loss model to an expected loss model and adds certain new required disclosures. Under the expected loss model, entities will recognize credit losses to be incurred over the entire contractual term of the instrument rather than delaying recognition of credit losses until it is probable the loss has been incurred. The requirements of ASU 2016-13 are effective for financial statements for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. We adopted ASU 2016-13 on May 1, 2020, and the adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes", an update that amends and simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions in existing guidance and providing new guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas. The guidance will be effective in the first quarter of the year ending April 30, 2022 with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the impact that adopting this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

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