Note 4 - Loans

The Company had $1.2 million in loans held for sale at December 31, 2017 as compared to $2.1 million in loans held for sale at December 31, 2016.

Loans at December 31 are summarized below:


Loans:	2017			2016
Consumer Real Estate	$	83,620		$	86,234
Agricultural Real Estate		64,073			62,375
Agricultural		95,111			84,563
Commercial Real Estate		410,520			377,481
Commercial and Industrial		126,275			109,256
Consumer		37,757			33,179
Industrial Development Bonds		6,415			5,732

	$	823,771		$	758,820
Less: Net deferred loan fees and costs		(747	)		(726	)

		823,024			758,094
Less: Allowance for loan losses		(6,868	)		(6,784	)

Loans - Net	$	816,156		$	751,310

Following are the characteristics and underwriting criteria for each major type of loan the Bank offers:

Commercial Real Estate: Construction, purchase, and refinance of business purpose real estate. Risks include potential construction delays and overruns, vacancies, collateral value subject to market value fluctuations, interest rate, market demands, borrower’s ability to repay in orderly fashion, and others. The Bank does employ stress testing on higher balance loans to mitigate risk by ensuring the customer’s ability to repay in a changing rate environment before granting loan approval.

Agricultural Real Estate: Purchase of farm real estate or for permanent improvements to the farm real estate. Cash flow from the farm operation is the repayment source and is therefore subject to the financial success of the farm operation.

Consumer Real Estate: Purchase, refinance, or equity financing of one to four family owner occupied dwelling. Success in repayment is subject to borrower’s income, debt level, character in fulfilling payment obligations, employment, and others.

Commercial and Industrial: Loans to proprietorships, partnerships, or corporations to provide temporary working capital and seasonal loans as well as long term loans for capital asset acquisition. Risks include adequacy of cash flow, reasonableness of profit projections, financial leverage, economic trends, management ability, and others. The Bank does employ stress testing on higher balance loans to mitigate risk by ensuring the customer’s ability to repay in a changing rate environment before granting loan approval.

Agricultural: Loans for the production and housing of crops, fruits, vegetables, and livestock or to fund the purchase or re-finance of capital assets such as machinery and equipment and livestock. The production of crops and livestock is especially vulnerable to commodity prices and weather. The vulnerability to commodity prices is offset by the farmer’s ability to hedge their position by the use of future contracts. The risk related to weather is often mitigated by requiring federal crop insurance.

Consumer: Funding for individual and family purposes. Success in repayment is subject to borrower’s income, debt level, character in fulfilling payment obligations, employment, and others.

Industrial Development Bonds (IDB): Funds for public improvements in the Bank’s service area. Repayment ability is based on the continuance of the taxation revenue as the source of repayment.

The following is a maturity schedule by major category of loans at December 31, 2017:


	(In Thousands)
	Within One Year		After One Year Within Five Years		After Five Years		Total
Consumer Real Estate	$	1,185	$	13,979	$	68,456	$	83,620
Agricultural Real Estate		756		5,910		57,407		64,073
Agricultural		60,164		25,499		9,448		95,111
Commercial Real Estate		29,728		125,694		255,098		410,520
Commercial and Industrial		71,521		36,402		18,352		126,275
Consumer		5,634		23,946		8,177		37,757
Industrial Development Bonds		800		65		5,550		6,415

	$	169,788	$	231,495	$	422,488	$	823,771

The distribution of fixed rate loans and variable rate loans by major loan category is as follows as of December 31, 2017:


	(In Thousands)
	Fixed Rate		Variable Rate
Consumer Real Estate	$	43,283	$	40,337
Agricultural Real Estate		46,121		17,952
Agricultural		32,585		62,526
Commercial Real Estate		262,713		147,807
Commercial and Industrial		43,434		82,841
Consumer		32,869		4,888
Industrial Development Bonds		6,415		—

Industrial Development Bonds are included in the commercial and industrial category for the remainder of the tables in this Note 4, unless specifically noted separately.

The following table represents the contractual aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by portfolio classification of loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, net of deferred loan fees and costs:


December 31, 2017	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater Than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Current		Total Financing Receivables		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing
Consumer Real Estate	$	565	$	212	$	113	$	890	$	82,310	$	83,200	$	—
Agricultural Real Estate		—		—		101		101		63,943		64,044		—
Agricultural		—		—		—		—		95,238		95,238		—
Commercial Real Estate		—		—		38		38		409,915		409,953		—
Commercial and Industrial		—		42		—		42		132,745		132,787		—
Consumer		34		2		7		43		37,759		37,802		—

Total	$	599	$	256	$	259	$	1,114	$	821,910	$	823,024	$	—


December 31, 2016	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater Than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Current		Total Financing Receivables		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing
Consumer Real Estate	$	882	$	15	$	507	$	1,404	$	84,469	$	85,873	$	—
Agricultural Real Estate		12		—		132		144		62,192		62,336		—
Agricultural		101		—		—		101		84,591		84,692		—
Commercial Real Estate		60		—		—		60		376,827		376,887		—
Commercial and Industrial		—		—		—		—		115,093		115,093		—
Consumer		29		6		—		35		33,178		33,213		—

Total	$	1,084	$	21	$	639	$	1,744	$	756,350	$	758,094	$	—

The following table presents the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans by portfolio class of loans as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:


	(In Thousands)
	2017		2016
Consumer Real Estate	$	708	$	1,091
Agricultural Real Estate		101		132
Agriculture		—		—
Commercial Real Estate		38		—
Commercial and Industrial		149		161
Consumer		7		—

Total	$	1,003	$	1,384

The Bank uses a nine tier risk rating system to grade its loans. The grade of a loan may change during the life of the loan. The risk ratings are described as follows.

Zero (0) Unclassified. Any loan which has not been assigned a classification.

One (1) Excellent. Credit to premier customers having the highest credit rating based on an extremely strong financial condition, which compares favorably with industry standards (upper quartile of The Risk Management Association ratios). Financial statements indicate a sound earnings and financial ratio trend for several years with satisfactory profit margins and excellent liquidity exhibited. Prime credits may also be borrowers with loans fully secured by highly liquid collateral such as traded stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit, savings account, etc. No credit or collateral exceptions exist and the loan adheres to the Bank’s loan policy in every respect. Financing alternatives would be readily available and would qualify for unsecured credit. This grade is summarized by high liquidity, minimum risk, strong ratios, and low handling costs.

Two (2) Good. Desirable loans of somewhat less stature than Grade 1, but with strong financial statements. Loan supported by financial statements containing strong balance sheets, generally with a leverage position less than 1.50, and a history of profitability. Probability of serious financial deterioration is unlikely. Possessing a sound repayment source (and a secondary source), which would allow repayment in a reasonable period of time. Individual loans backed by liquid personal assets, established history and unquestionable character.

Three (3) Satisfactory. Satisfactory loans of average or slightly above average risk – having some deficiency or vulnerability to changing economic conditions, but still fully collectible. Projects should normally demonstrate acceptable debt service coverage. Generally, customers should have a leverage position less than 2.00. May be some weakness but with offsetting features of other support readily available. Loans are meeting the terms of repayment.

Loans may be graded 3 when there is no recent information on which to base a current risk evaluation and the following conditions apply:

At inception, the loan was properly underwritten and did not possess an unwarranted level of credit risk;

At inception, the loan was secured with collateral possessing a loan value adequate to protect the Bank from loss;

The loan exhibited two or more years of satisfactory repayment with a reasonable reduction of the principal balance;

During the period that the loan has been outstanding, there has been no evidence of any credit weakness. Some examples of weakness include slow payment, lack of cooperation by the borrower, breach of loan covenants, or the business is in an industry which is known to be experiencing problems. If any of the credit weaknesses is observed, a lower risk grade is warranted.

Four (4) Satisfactory / Monitored. A “4” (Satisfactory/Monitored) risk grade may be established for a loan considered satisfactory but which is of average credit risk due to financial weakness or uncertainty. The loans warrant a higher than average level of monitoring to ensure that weaknesses do not advance. The level of risk in Satisfactory/Monitored classification is considered acceptable and within normal underwriting guidelines, so long as the loan is given management supervision.

Five (5) Special Mention. Loans that possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness which deserves close attention, but which do not yet warrant substandard classification. Such loans pose unwarranted financial risk that, if not corrected, could weaken the loan and increase risk in the future. The key distinctions of a 5 (Special Mention) classification are that (1) it is indicative of an unwarranted level of risk, and (2) weaknesses are considered “potential”, versus “defined”, impairments to the primary source of loan repayment and collateral.

Six (6) Substandard. One or more of the following characteristics may be exhibited in loans classified substandard:

Loans, which possess a defined credit weakness and the likelihood that a loan will be paid from the primary source, are uncertain. Financial deterioration is underway and very close attention is warranted to ensure that the loan is collected without loss.

Loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower.

The primary source of repayment is weakened, and the Bank is forced to rely on a secondary source of repayment such as collateral liquidation or guarantees.

Loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.

Unusual courses of action are needed to maintain a high probability of repayment.

The borrower is not generating enough cash flow to repay loan principal; however, continues to make interest payments.

The lender is forced into a subordinate position or unsecured collateral position due to flaws in documentation.

Loans have been restructured so that payment schedules, terms and collateral represent concessions to the borrower when compared to the normal loan terms.

The lender is seriously contemplating foreclosure or legal action due to the apparent deterioration in the loan

There is significant deterioration in the market conditions and the borrower is highly vulnerable to these conditions.

Seven (7) Doubtful. One or more of the following characteristics may be exhibited in loans classified Doubtful:

Loans have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard. Additionally, however, these weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full based on existing conditions improbable.

The primary source of repayment is gone, and there is considerable doubt as to the quality of the secondary source of repayment.

The possibility of loss is high, but, because of certain important pending factors which may strengthen the loan, loss classification is deferred until its exact status is known. A Doubtful classification is established deferring the realization of the loss.

Eight (8) Loss. Loans are considered uncollectable and of such little value that continuing to carry them as assets on the institution’s financial statements is not feasible. Loans will be classified Loss when it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off or reserving all or a portion of a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be possible at some time in the future.

The following table represents the risk category of loans by portfolio class, net of deferred fees, based on the most recent analysis performed as of the time periods shown of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.


	(In Thousands)
	Agricultural Real Estate				Agricultural				Commercial Real Estate				Commercial and Industrial				Industrial Development Bonds
		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
1-2	$	4,143	$	4,399	$	6,558	$	7,334	$	1,244	$	677	$	9,205	$	10,060	$	—	$	—
3		15,244		16,660		37,267		31,397		32,498		27,858		15,277		14,064		3,489		2,640
4		43,416		39,808		51,312		44,560		359,600		333,523		99,581		83,100		2,926		3,092
5		1,125		1,209		101		1,234		7,758		8,321		1,381		1,379		—		—
6		116		260		—		167		8,853		6,508		817		641		—		—
7		—		—		—		—		—		—		111		117		—		—
8		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Total	$	64,044	$	62,336	$	95,238	$	84,692	$	409,953	$	376,887	$	126,372	$	109,361	$	6,415	$	5,732

For consumer residential real estate, and other, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously stated, and by payment activity. The following tables present the recorded investment in those classes based on payment activity and assigned risk grading as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.


	(In Thousands)
	Consumer Real Estate
	2017		2016
Grade
Pass	$	82,632	$	85,322
Special mention (5)		—		25
Substandard (6)		488		368
Doubtful (7)		80		158

Total	$	83,200	$	85,873


	(In Thousands)
	Consumer - Credit Card				Consumer - Other
		2017		2016		2017		2016
Performing	$	4,108	$	4,061	$	33,666	$	29,120
Nonperforming		—		—		28		32

Total	$	4,108	$	4,061	$	33,694	$	29,152

Information about impaired loans as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:


	(In Thousands)
	2017		2016
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance	$	1,131	$	1,141
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance		614		711

Total impaired loans	$	1,745	$	1,852

Valuation allowance related to impaired loans	$	106	$	135

Total non-accrual loans	$	1,003	$	1,384

Total loans past-due ninety days or more and still accruing	$	—	$	—


	2017		2016		2015
Average investment in impaired loans	$	1,885	$	1,802	$	2,509

Interest income recognized on impaired loans	$	57	$	64	$	96

Interest income recognized on a cash basis on impaired loans	$	23	$	27	$	60

No additional funds are committed to be advanced in connection with impaired loans.

The Bank had approximately $0.7 million of its impaired loans classified as trouble debt restructured as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

The following table represents the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.


			(In thousands)							(In thousands)
December 31, 2017 Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts Modified in the Last 12 Months		Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		December 31, 2016 Troubled Debt Restructurings	Number of Contracts Modified in the Last 12 Months		Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Commercial Real Estate		0	$	—	$	—	Commercial Real Estate		1	$	138	$	138
Commercial and Industrial		1		38		38	Commercial and Industrial		0		—		—

For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were no TDR’s that subsequently defaulted after modification.

For the Bank’s impaired loans, the Bank may apply the observable market price methodology or utilize a measurement incorporating the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective rate of interest. To determine observable market price, collateral asset values securing an impaired loan are periodically evaluated. Maximum time of re-evaluation is every 12 months for chattels and titled vehicles and every two years for real estate. In this process, third party evaluations are obtained and heavily relied upon. Until such time that updated appraisals are received, the Bank may discount the collateral value used.

The Bank uses the following guidelines as stated in policy to determine when to realize a charge-off, whether a partial or full loan balance. A charge down in whole or in part is realized when unsecured consumer loans, credit card credits and overdraft lines of credit reach 90 days delinquency. At 120 days delinquent, secured consumer loans are charged down to the value of the collateral, if repossession of the collateral is assured and/or in the process of repossession. Consumer mortgage loan deficiencies are charged down upon the sale of the collateral or sooner upon the recognition of collateral deficiency. Commercial and agricultural credits are charged down at 120 days delinquency, unless an established and approved work-out plan is in place or litigation of the credit will likely result in recovery of the loan balance. Upon notification of bankruptcy, unsecured debt is charged off. Additional charge-off may be realized as further unsecured positions are recognized

The following tables present loans individually evaluated for impairment by portfolio class of loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:


	(In Thousands)
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Interest Income Recognized Cash Basis
2017
With no related allowance recorded:
Consumer Real Estate	$	495	$	495	$	—	$	911	$	30	$	21
Agricultural Real Estate		101		101		—		123		—		—
Agricultural		—		—		—		27		—		—
Commercial Real Estate		202		202		—		51		1		—
Commercial and Industrial		333		333		—		85		2		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—		—
With a specific allowance recorded:
Consumer Real Estate		80		80		21		88		—		—
Agricultural Real Estate		—		—		—		—		—		—
Agricultural		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial Real Estate		423		423		46		486		24		2
Commercial and Industrial		111		111		39		114		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—		—

Totals:
Consumer Real Estate	$	575	$	575	$	21	$	999	$	30	$	21

Agricultural Real Estate	$	101	$	101	$	—	$	123	$	—	$	—

Agricultural	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	27	$	—	$	—

Commercial Real Estate	$	625	$	625	$	46	$	537	$	25	$	2

Commercial and Industrial	$	444	$	444	$	39	$	199	$	2	$	—

Consumer	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—


	(In Thousands)
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Interest Income Recognized Cash Basis
2016
With no related allowance recorded:
Consumer Real Estate	$	1,009	$	1,009	$	—	$	101	$	16	$	4
Agricultural Real Estate		132		132		—		147		—		—
Agricultural		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial Real Estate		—		—		—		427		24		23
Commercial and Industrial		—		—		—		337		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—		—
With a specific allowance recorded:
Consumer Real Estate		94		94		34		344		—		—
Agricultural Real Estate		—		—		—		9		—		—
Agricultural		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial Real Estate		501		501		66		191		—		—
Commercial and Industrial		116		116		35		246		24		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—		—


Totals:
Consumer Real Estate	$	1,103	$	1,103	$	34	$	445	$	16	$	4

Agricultural Real Estate	$	132	$	132	$	—	$	156	$	—	$	—

Agricultural	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial Real Estate	$	501	$	501	$	66	$	618	$	24	$	23

Commercial and Industrial	$	116	$	116	$	35	$	583	$	24	$	—

Consumer	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

On January 1, 2015, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-04, “Receivables,—Troubled Debt Restructuring by Creditors.” As of December 31, 2017 the Company had $25 thousand of foreclosed residential real estate property obtained by physical possession and $54 thousand of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local jurisdictions. This compares to the Company having $169 thousand of foreclosed residential real estate property obtained by physical possession and $112 thousand of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local jurisdictions as of December 31, 2016.

The ALLL has a direct impact on the provision expense. An increase in the ALLL is funded through recoveries and provision expense. The following tables summarize the activities in the allowance for credit losses.

The following is an analysis of the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31:


	(In Thousands)
	2017			2016			2015
Allowance for Loan Losses
Balance at beginning of year	$	6,784		$	6,057		$	5,905
Provision for loan loss		222			1,121			625
Loans charged off		(288	)		(550	)		(1,030	)
Recoveries		150			156			557

Balance at ending of year	$	6,868		$	6,784		$	6,057

Allowance for Unfunded Loan Commitments & Letters of Credit	$	227		$	217		$	208

Total Allowance for Credit Losses	$	7,095		$	7,001		$	6,265

The Company segregates its Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL) into two reserves: The ALLL and the Allowance for Unfunded Loan Commitments and Letters of Credit (AULC). When combined, these reserves constitute the total Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL).

The AULC is reported within other liabilities on the balance sheet while the ALLL is netted within the loans, net asset line. The ACL presented above represents the full amount of reserves available to absorb possible credit losses.

The following table breaks down the activity within ALLL for each loan portfolio segment and shows the contribution provided by both the recoveries and the provision along with the reduction of the allowance caused by charge-offs.

Additional analysis related to the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:


	(In Thousands)
	Consumer Real Estate			Agricultural Real Estate		Agricultural		Commercial Real Estate			Commercial and Industrial		Consumer			Unfunded Loan Commitment & Letters of Credit		Unallocated			Total
2017
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES:
Beginning balance	$	316		$	241	$	616	$	3,250		$	1,318	$	394		$	217	$	649		$	7,001
Charge Offs		(4	)		—		—		(21	)		—		(263	)		—		—			(288	)
Recoveries		13			—		8		15			12		102			—		—			150
Provision (Credit)		18			3		43		(95	)		216		208			—		(171	)		222
Other Non-interest expense related to unfunded		—			—		—		—			—		—			10		—			10
Ending Balance	$	343		$	244	$	667	$	3,149		$	1,546	$	441		$	227	$	478		$	7,095

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	21		$	—	$	—	$	46		$	39	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	106

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	322		$	244	$	667	$	3,103		$	1,507	$	441		$	227	$	478		$	6,989

Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—

FINANCING RECEIVABLES:
Ending balance	$	83,200		$	64,044	$	95,238	$	409,953		$	132,787	$	37,802		$	—	$	—		$	823,024

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	575		$	101	$	—	$	625		$	444	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	1,745

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	82,625		$	63,943	$	95,238	$	409,328		$	132,343	$	37,802		$	—	$	—		$	821,279

Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	$	122		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	122


	(In Thousands)
	Consumer Real Estate			Agricultural Real Estate		Agricultural			Commercial Real Estate			Commercial and Industrial			Consumer			Unfunded Loan Commitment & Letters of Credit		Unallocated			Total
2016
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES:
Beginning balance	$	338		$	211	$	582		$	2,516		$	1,229		$	337		$	208	$	844		$	6,265
Charge Offs		(106	)		—		(21	)		(93	)		(20	)		(310	)		—		—			(550	)
Recoveries		28			—		10			20			11			87			—		—			156
Provision (Credit)		56			30		45			807			98			280			—		(195	)		1,121
Other Non-interest expense related to unfunded		—			—		—			—			—			—			9		—			9

Ending Balance	$	316		$	241	$	616		$	3,250		$	1,318		$	394		$	217	$	649		$	7,001

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	34		$	—	$	—		$	66		$	35		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	135

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	282		$	241	$	616		$	3,184		$	1,283		$	394		$	217	$	649		$	6,866

Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	$	1		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	1

FINANCING RECEIVABLES:
Ending balance	$	85,873		$	62,336	$	84,692		$	376,887		$	115,093		$	33,213		$	—	$	—		$	758,094

Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,103		$	132	$	—		$	501		$	116		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	1,852

Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	84,770		$	62,204	$	84,692		$	376,386		$	114,977		$	33,213		$	—	$	—		$	756,242

Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	$	200		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	200