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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Accounting
These notes apply to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Natural Gas Services Group, Inc. a Colorado corporation (the "Company", “NGSG”, "Natural Gas Services Group", "we" or "our").  The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiary, NGSG Properties, LLC and the rabbi trust associated with the Company's deferred compensations plan, see Note 4. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions for the periods presented have been eliminated in consolidation.

These financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary to make our financial position at March 31, 2019 and the results of our operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 not misleading.  As permitted by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all disclosures normally required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP).  These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 on file with the SEC.  In our opinion, the condensed consolidated financial statements are a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders' equity and cash flows for the periods presented.

The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2019.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition Policy
The Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606") on January, 1, 2018. As a result, the Company has changed its accounting policy for revenue recognition as detailed below.    
The Company applied ASC 606 using the cumulative effect method. We had no significant changes in our recognition of revenue at adoption and our review of all open revenue from contracts with customers on January 1, 2018 indicated we had no adjustment to be made. If an adjustment had been needed, we would have recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying ASC 606 with an adjustment to the opening balance of equity at January 1, 2018.

Revenue is measured based on a consideration specified in a customer’s contract, excluding any sale incentives and taxes collected on behalf of third parties (i.e. sales and property taxes). We recognize revenue once a performance obligation has been satisfied and control over a product or service has transferred to the customer. Shipping and handling costs incurred are accounted for as fulfillment costs and are included in cost of revenues in our condensed consolidated income statement.

Nature of Goods and Services

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue:
Rental Revenue. The Company generates revenue from renting compressors and flare systems to our customers. These contracts may also include a fee for servicing the compressor or flare during the rental contract. Our rental contracts range from six to twenty-four months, with revenue being recognized over time, in equal payments over the term of the contract. After the terms of the contract have expired, a customer may renew their contract or continue renting on a monthly basis thereafter. In accordance ASC 842 – Leases, we have applied the practical expedient ASC 842-10-15-42A, which allows the Company to combine lease and non-lease components.

Sales Revenue. The Company generates revenue by the sale of custom/fabricated compressors, flare systems and parts, as well as, exchange/rebuilding customer owned compressors and sale of used rental equipment.

Custom/fabricated compressors and flare systems - The Company designs and fabricates compressors and flares based on the customer’s specifications outlined in their contract. Though the equipment being built is customized by the customer, control under these contracts does not pass to the customer until the compressor or flare package is complete and shipped, or in accordance with a bill and hold arrangements the customer accepts title and assumes the risk and rewards of ownership. We request some of our customers to make progressive payments as the product is being built; these payments are recorded as a contract liability on the Deferred Income line on the condensed consolidated balance sheet until control has been transferred.  
These contracts also may include an assurance warranty clause to guarantee the product is free from defects in material and workmanship for a set duration of time; this is a standard industry practice and is not considered a performance obligation.

From time to time, upon the customer’s written request, we recognize revenue when manufacturing is complete and the equipment is ready for shipment. At the customer’s request, we will bill the customer upon completing all performance obligations, but before shipment. The customer will formally request we ship the equipment per their direction from our manufacturing facility at a later specified date and that we segregate the equipment from our finished goods, such that they are not available to fill other orders. Per the customer’s agreement change of control is passed to the customer once the equipment is complete and ready for shipment. We have operated using bill and hold agreements with certain customers for many years, with consistent satisfactory results for both the customer and us. The credit terms on these agreements are consistent with the credit terms on all other sales. All control is shouldered by the customer and there are no exceptions to the customer’s commitment to accept and pay for the manufactured equipment. Revenues recognized related to bill and hold arrangements for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was approximately $2.7 million.
Parts - Revenue is recognized after the customer obtains control of the parts. Control is passed either by the customer taking physical possession or the parts being shipped. The amount of revenue recognized is not adjusted for expected returns, as our historical part returns have been de minimis.

Exchange or rebuilding customer owned compressors - Based on the contract, the Company will either exchange a new/rebuilt compressor for the customer’s malfunctioning compressor or rebuild the customer’s compressor. Revenue is recognized after control of the replacement compressor has transferred to the customer by physical delivery, delivery and installment or shipment of the compressor.

Used compressors or flares - From time to time, a customer may request to purchase a used compressor or flare out of our rental fleet. Revenue from the sale of rental equipment is recognized when the control has passed to the customer, when the customer has taken physical possession or the equipment has been shipped.

Service and Maintenance Revenue. The Company provides routine or call-out services on customer owned equipment. Revenue is recognized after services in the contract are rendered.

Payment terms for sales revenue and service and maintenance revenue discussed above are generally 30 to 60 days although terms for specific customers can vary. Also, the transaction prices are not subject to variable consideration constraints.
Contract Costs Contract Costs The Company applies the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4 and recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expense on our consolidated income statement.
Leases
Leases 

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842, Leases ("ASC 842") and all the related amendments using the modified retrospective method. We recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new lease standard and had no adjustments to retained earnings. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the lease accounting standard in effect for those periods. We do not expect the adoption of the new lease standard to have a material impact to our net income on an ongoing basis.

The new lease standard requires all leases to be reported on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease obligations. We elected the practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance of the new standard that retained the lease classification and initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to adoption of the standard. We did not reassess whether any contracts or land easements entered into prior to adoption are leases or contain leases.
The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated balance sheet at January 1, 2019, for the adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases, was as follows (in thousands):


Balance at December 31, 2018 Adjustments due to ASU 2016-02 Balance at January 1, 2019
Balance Sheet
Assets
Right of use assets— 451 451 
Liabilities
Current portion of operating leases— 126 126 
Long term portion of operating leases— 325 325 

The Company, as a lessee, applies the practical expedient in ASC 842-10-15-37, and does not separate non-lease components from lease components, therefore, accounting for each separate lease component and its associated non-lease component, as a single lease component.

The Company, as a lessor, applies the practical expedient in ASC 842-10-15-42A, in leases that contain the same timing and pattern of transfer for lease and non-lease components and are deemed operating leases, the lessor is not required to separate non-lease components from lease components. Therefore, on any lease that meets these qualifications we have chosen to account for each separate lease component and its associated non-lease component, as a single lease component.

The Company applies the practical expedient in ASC 842-20-25-2, to recognize the lease payments in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term and variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred for leases with terms of 12 months or less.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, deferred compensation plan (cash portion) and our line of credit. Pursuant to ASC 820 (Accounting Standards Codification), the fair value of our cash equivalents is determined based on “Level 1” inputs, which consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. We believe that the recorded values of all of our other financial instruments approximate their fair values because of their nature (variable rate debt) and relatively short maturity dates or durations.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our federal income taxes as well as income taxes in each of the states in which we operate. This process involves us estimating our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in our consolidated balance sheet. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent we believe that recovery is not probable, we must establish a valuation allowance. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or increase this allowance in a period, we must include an expense in the tax provision in the statement of operations.

Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. We currently have no valuation allowance and fully expect to utilize all of our deferred tax assets.

ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. In order to record any financial statement benefit, we are required to determine, based on technical merits of the position, whether it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. If that step is satisfied, then we must measure the tax position to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of the benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.  
Our policy regarding income tax interest and penalties is to expense those items as other expense.

During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company discovered a potential uncertain tax position attributable to the deductibility of certain executive compensation expense for federal income tax purposes aggregating approximately $168,000, $149,000 and $230,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As a result, in accordance with ASC Topic 740, during the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company recorded a tax adjustment of $547,000 and accrued penalty and interest expense of $55,000 attributable to the uncertain tax position. Management of the Company determined that the effect of the potential uncertain tax position on previously reported results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was not material. The Company plans on amending its previously filed federal income tax returns and is in the process of analyzing certain offsetting deductions to reduce uncertain tax position reserve.
Reclassification of Prior Period Balances
Reclassification of Prior Period Balances

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts, due to our adoption of ASC 842, to conform to the current-year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the financial statements.
Segment Information ASC 280-10-50, “Operating Segments", defines the characteristics of an operating segment as: a) being engaged in business activity from which it may earn revenue and incur expenses, b) being reviewed by the Company's chief operating decision maker (CODM) for decisions about resources to be allocated and assess its performance and c) having discrete financial information.  Although we look at our products to analyze the nature of our revenue, other financial information, such as certain costs and expenses, net income and EBITDA are not captured or analyzed by these categories.  Our CODM does not
make resource allocation decisions or access the performance of the business based on these categories, but rather in the aggregate. Based on this, management believes that it operates in one business segment.
 
In their analysis of product lines as potential operating segments, management also considered ASC 280-10-50-11, “Aggregation Criteria”, which allows for the aggregation of operating segments if the segments have similar economic characteristics and if the segments are similar in each of the following areas:
 
•The nature of the products and services;

•The nature of the production processes;

•The type or class of customer for their products and services;

•The methods used to distribute their products or provide their services; and

•The nature of the regulatory environment, if applicable.
 
We are engaged in the business of designing and manufacturing compressors and flares. Our compressors and flares are sold and rented to our customers. In addition, we provide service and maintenance on compressors in our fleet and to third parties. These business activities are similar in all geographic areas.  Our manufacturing process is essentially the same for the entire Company and is performed in-house at our facilities in Midland, Texas and Tulsa, Oklahoma.  Our customers primarily consist of entities in the business of producing natural gas and crude oil.  The maintenance and service of our products is consistent across the entire Company and is performed via an internal fleet of vehicles.  The regulatory environment is similar in every jurisdiction in that the most impacting regulations and practices are the result of federal energy policy.  In addition, the economic characteristics of each customer arrangement are similar in that we maintain policies at the corporate level.