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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
(Provision for) Benefits from Income Taxes
The (provision for) benefit from income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, consists of the following (in thousands):
 20222021
Current (expense) benefit  
Federal benefit$— $— 
State (expense) benefit(17)
Total current (expense) benefit(17)
Deferred (expense) benefit:  
Federal (expense) benefit(857)1,991 
State (expense) benefit346 611 
Total deferred (expense) benefit(511)2,602 
Total (expense) benefit$(528)$2,603 
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
The effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, differs from the statutory rate as follows:
 20222021
Statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %
State and local taxes812.2 %5.2 %
Stock based compensation(58.5)%(0.7)%
Nondeductible compensation(1846.3)%(3.6)%
Other(217.1)%0.2 %
Effective rate(1288.7)%22.1 %
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The income tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred income tax assets and (liabilities) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, are as follows (in thousands):
 20222021
Deferred income tax assets:  
Net operating loss$6,391 $5,355 
Research and development credits1,338 1,363 
Stock compensation121 114 
Deferred compensation617 632 
Other354 515 
Total deferred income tax assets8,821 7,979 
Deferred income tax liabilities:  
Property and equipment(48,427)(47,044)
Goodwill and other intangible assets(192)(223)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(48,619)(47,267)
Net deferred income tax liabilities$(39,798)$(39,288)