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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
For the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded income tax benefit of $5.3 million compared to an income tax benefit of $6.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded income tax expense of $116.9 million compared to an income tax benefit of $17.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in the Company’s tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 relative to the prior year relates primarily to a non-cash charge of $113.1 million in relation to the valuation allowance associated with the Company’s domestic federal and state deferred tax assets and attributes in connection with the Spin-Off. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company filed its 2015 federal income tax return, which was the primary driver of the $7.1 million reduction to the previously recorded valuation allowance. In addition to the non-cash charge related to the valuation allowance, the Company’s effective tax rate varies from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% due to results of foreign operations that are subject to income taxes at different statutory rates.
The Company has reserved all of its domestic net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2016, with a valuation allowance in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, "Income Taxes," which requires an estimation of the recoverability of the recorded income tax asset balances. As of June 30, 2016, the Company had recorded $120.2 million of valuation allowances attributable to its domestic net deferred tax assets. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company filed its 2015 federal income tax return, which was the primary driver of the $7.1 million reduction to the previously recorded valuation allowance. The determination of recording and releasing valuation allowances against deferred tax assets is made, in part, pursuant to the Company’s assessment as to whether it is more likely than not that the Company will generate sufficient future taxable income against which benefits of the deferred tax assets may or may not be realized.
The Company will continue to periodically evaluate its valuation allowance requirements in light of changing facts and circumstances, and may adjust its deferred tax asset valuation allowances accordingly. It is reasonably possible that the Company will either add to, or reverse a portion of its existing deferred tax asset valuation allowances in the future. Such changes in the deferred tax asset valuation allowances will be reflected in the current operations through the Company’s income tax provision, and could have a material effect on operating results.
The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, were $17.6 million as of September 30, 2016, and $19.4 million as of December 31, 2015
The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of an adverse outcome resulting from examinations to determine the adequacy of its tax reserves.  As of September 30, 2016, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that the tax positions it has taken will be sustained upon the resolution of its audits resulting in no material impact on its consolidated financial position and the results of operations and cash flows.  However, the final determination with respect to any tax audits, and any related litigation, could be materially different from the Company’s estimates and/or from its historical income tax provisions and accruals and could have a material effect on operating results and/or cash flows in the periods for which that determination is made. In addition, future period earnings may be adversely impacted by litigation costs, settlements, penalties, and/or interest assessments.