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Stock-Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation

12. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company’s 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”) was approved by shareholders on May 7, 2013 and replaced several of the Company's incentive plans (collectively referred to as the “Prior Plans”). No new awards may be granted under the Prior Plans; however, outstanding awards under the Prior Plans will continue in force and effect pursuant to their terms. The 2013 Plan provides for both short-term and long-term incentive awards for employees and non-employee directors. Stock-based awards may take the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance shares or performance unit awards. The total number of shares of the Company’s common stock originally available for awards under the 2013 Plan was 8.0 million shares, subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and certain other transactions or events. On March 20, 2016, in accordance with the 2013 Plan's adjustment provisions, the Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2013 Plan to reflect the effect of the Spin-Off, as a result, the number of shares of common stock reserved for future awards under the 2013 Plan was increased by 22.1 million shares.

Stock-based compensation expense was $1.5 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense was $4.7 million and $3.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the awards' vesting period.

The Company did not grant any options to acquire shares of common stock to employees during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. Options to acquire 1.1 million and 1.8 million shares of common stock were granted to employees during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The options granted in 2017 become exercisable in three annual increments over a three-year period beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date and expire 10 years subsequent to the grant date, and the options granted in 2016 and prior years become exercisable in four annual increments over a four-year period beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date and also expire 10 years subsequent to the grant date. 

The Company did not issue any RSUs to employees during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. A total of 0.5 million and 0.6 million RSUs were issued by the Company to employees and directors during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The RSUs granted to employees generally vest on the first or third anniversary of the grant date, depending on the grant. The RSUs granted to directors vest on the second anniversary of the grant date.

The Company did not issue any performance shares to employees during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. A total of 0.5 million and 0.8 million performance shares were issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Performance shares are earned based on the extent to which performance goals are met over the applicable performance period.  The performance goals and the applicable performance period vary for each grant year. The performance goals for the performance shares granted in 2017 are based on 50% on total shareholder return ("TSR") relative to peers during the three-year performance period and 50% on Adjusted EBITDA percentage from continuing operations in 2019. The performance goals for the performance shares granted in 2016 are based 50% on TSR relative to peers and 50% on the weighted average return on invested capital (ROIC) over the three-year performance period. Depending on the foregoing factors, the number of shares earned could range from zero to 0.9 million and zero to 1.2 million for the 2017 and 2016 performance share grants, respectively.