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Equity Incentive Plan | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
Equity Incentive Plan | Equity Incentive Plan The Company maintains its Equity Incentive Plan to attract and retain independent trustees, executive officers and other key employees and service providers. The plan provides for the grant of options to purchase common shares, share awards, share appreciation rights, performance units, and other equity-based awards. The plan was amended and restated as of May 17, 2013 to increase the maximum number of shares available under the plan to 3,000,000 shares. Share awards under this plan generally vest over three to five years, though compensation for the Company’s independent trustees includes shares granted that vest immediately. The Company pays dividends on unvested shares and units, except for performance-based shares and outperformance based units, for which dividends on unvested performance-based shares and units are accrued and not paid until those shares or units vest. Class A Performance LTIP units, for which dividends are paid based on 10% of the declared amount until the Class A Performance LTIP units vest, at which time the remaining 90% of the dividends is paid. Certain awards may provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control. As of December 31, 2017, there were 1,871,942 common shares available for issuance under the Equity Incentive Plan. Restricted Share Awards A summary of the restricted shares granted to executive officers that have not fully vested pursuant to the Equity Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2017 are:
Award Type | Award Date |  | Total Shares Granted |  | Vested as of December 31, 2017
2014 Time-based Awards | 1/31/2014 |  | 48,213 |  |  | 48,213 |
2014 Performance-based Awards | 1/31/2014 |  | 38,805 |  |  | 12,935 |
2015 Time-based Awards | 1/30/2015 |  | 40,161 |  |  | 26,774 |
2015 Performance-based Awards | 1/30/2015 |  | 36,144 |  |  | — |
2015 Time-based Awards | 6/1/2015 |  | 8,949 |  |  | 5,966 |
2017 Restricted Board Awards | 1/11/2017 |  | 5,000 |  |  | — |
Time-based shares will vest over a three-year period. The performance-based shares will be issued and vest over a three-year period only if and to the extent that long-term performance criteria established by the Board of Trustees are met and the recipient remains employed by the Company through the vesting date. The Company measures compensation expense for time-based share awards based upon the fair market value of its common shares at the date of grant. For the performance-based shares granted in 2014 and 2015, compensation expense is based on a valuation of $13.17 and $21.21, respectively, per performance share granted, which takes into account that some or all of the awards may not vest if long-term performance criteria are not met during the vesting period. The 2014 performance-based shares did not meet the vesting criteria for 2015 or 2016 causing the last two tranches of the 2014 performance grants not to be eligible for future vesting. Neither of the first two tranches of the 2015 performance grants vested. The grant date fair values of the performance-based share awards were determined using a Monte Carlo simulation method with the following assumptions:
Performance Award Grant Date | Volatility | Dividend Yield | Risk Free Interest Rate
1/31/2014 | 27 | % | — | % | 0.71 | %
1/30/2015 | 29 | % | — | % | 0.84 | %
Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period and is included in general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company pays dividends on unvested time-based restricted shares. Dividends for performance-based shares are accrued and paid annually only if and to the extent that long-term performance criteria established by the Board of Trustees are met and the recipient remains employed by the Company on the vesting date. A summary of the Company’s restricted share awards for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:
| December 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
| Number of Shares |  | Weighted - Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted - Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted - Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at beginning of the period | 110,825 |  |  | $ | 22.05 |  |  | 170,480 |  |  | $ | 21.38 |  |  | 179,641 |  |  | $ | 14.92 |
Granted | 5,000 |  |  | 20.20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 85,254 |  |  | 26.59 |
Vested | (32,441 | ) |  | 25.77 |  |  | (59,655 | ) |  | 20.14 |  |  | (94,415 | ) |  | 13.80 |
Forfeited | (25,870 | ) |  | 13.17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Unvested at end of the period | 57,514 |  |  | $ | 23.78 |  |  | 110,825 |  |  | $ | 22.05 |  |  | 170,480 |  |  | $ | 21.38 |
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were $0.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted share awards. As of December 31, 2017, these costs were expected to be recognized over a weighted–average period of approximately 1.1 years. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized approximately $0.8 million, $1.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively, of expense related to the restricted share awards. This expense is included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Long-Term Incentive Plan Units LTIP units are a special class of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership which may be issued to eligible participants for the performance of services to or for the benefit of the Company. Under the Equity Incentive Plan, each LTIP unit issued is deemed equivalent to an award of one common share thereby reducing the availability for other equity awards on a one-for-one basis. The Company does not receive a tax deduction for the value of any LTIP units granted to employees. LTIP units, whether vested or not, receive the same per unit profit distributions as other outstanding units of the Operating Partnership, which profit distribution will generally equal per share dividends on the Company’s common shares. Initially, LTIP units have a capital account balance of zero, and do not have full parity with common units with respect to liquidating distributions. The Operating Partnership will revalue its assets upon the occurrence of certain specified events and any increase in valuation will be allocated first to the holders of LTIP units to equalize the capital accounts of such holders with the capital accounts of the Operating Partnership unit holders. If such parity is reached, vested LTIP units may be converted by the holder, at any time, into an equal number of common units in the Operating Partnership, which may be redeemed, at the option of the holder, for cash or at the Company’s option an equivalent number of the Company’s common shares. A summary of the Company's LTIP Unit awards for the years ended years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:
| December 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
| Number of Shares |  | Weighted - Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted - Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted - Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at beginning of the period | 295,551 |  |  | $ | 14.36 |  |  | 183,300 |  |  | $ | 14.13 |  |  | 51,555 |  |  | $ | 15.18 |
Granted | 223,922 |  |  | 19.20 |  |  | 112,251 |  |  | 14.73 |  |  | 183,300 |  |  | 14.13 |
Vested | (37,417 | ) |  | 14.73 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (51,555 | ) |  | (15.18 | )
Non-vested at end of period | 482,056 |  |  | $ | 16.58 |  |  | 295,551 |  |  | $ | 14.36 |  |  | 183,300 |  |  | $ | 14.13 |
On April 21, 2010, the Company’s Operating Partnership granted 246,960 LTIP units to the Company’s executive officers pursuant to the Equity Incentive Plan, all of which are accounted for in accordance with FASB Codification Topic (“ASC”) 718, “Stock Compensation”. On September 9, 2010, the Company’s Operating Partnership granted 26,250 LTIP units to the Company’s then new Chief Financial Officer and 15,435 LTIP units granted to the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer were forfeited. These LTIP units vested ratably over a five year period beginning on the date of grant. All of these LTIP units have vested. On June 1, 2015, the Company's Operating Partnership granted 183,300 Class A Performance LTIP units, as recommended by the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”), pursuant to a long-term, multi-year performance plan (the “Outperformance Plan”). The awards granted pursuant to the Outperformance Plan are subject to two separate performance measurements, with 60% of the award (the "Absolute Award") based solely on the Company's total shareholder return ("TSR") (the "Absolute TSR Component") and 40% of the award (the "Relative Award") measured by the Company's TSR (the "Relative TSR Component") relative to the other companies (the "Index Companies") that were constituents of the SNL US REIT Hotel Index (the "Index") during the entire measurement period. Under the Absolute TSR Component, 37.5% of the Absolute Award is earned if the Company achieves a 25% TSR over the measurement period. That percentage increases on a linear basis with the full Absolute Award being earned at a 50% TSR over the measurement period. For TSR performance below 25%, no portion of the Absolute Award will be earned. Under the Relative TSR Component, 37.5% of the Relative Award is earned if the Company is at the 50 th percentile of the Index Companies at the end of the measurement period. That percentage increases on a linear basis with the full Relative Award earned if the Company is at the 75 th percentile of the Index Companies at the end of the measurement period. If the Company is below the 50 th percentile of the Index Companies at the end of the measurement period, no portion of the Relative Award will be earned. Compensation expense is based on an estimated value of $14.13 per Class A Performance LTIP unit, which takes into account that some or all of the awards may not vest if long-term performance criteria are not met during the vesting period. Awards earned under the Outperformance Plan will vest 50% at the end of the three-year measurement period on June 1, 2018 and 25% each on the one-year and two-year anniversaries of the end of the three-year measurement period, or June 1, 2019 and 2020, respectively, and provided that the recipient remains employed by the Company through the vesting dates. In the event of a Change in Control (as defined in the executive officers’ employment agreements), Outperformance Plan awards will be earned contingent upon the attainment of a pro rata TSR hurdle for the Absolute Award and achievement of the relative TSR percentile for the Relative Award based upon the in-place formula and using the Change of Control as the end of measurement period. Vesting continues to apply to awards earned upon a Change of Control, subject to full acceleration upon termination without cause or resignation for good reason within 18 months of the Change of Control. Prior to vesting, holders of Class A Performance LTIP Units will not be entitled to vote their Class A Performance LTIP units. In addition, under the terms of the Class A Performance LTIP units, a holder of a Class A Performance LTIP unit will generally (i) be entitled to receive 10% of the distributions made on a common unit of the Operating Partnership during the period prior to vesting of such Class A Performance LTIP unit (the “Pre-Vesting Distributions”), (ii) be entitled, upon the vesting of such Class A Performance LTIP unit, to receive a special one-time “catch-up” distribution equal to the aggregate amount of distributions that were paid on a common unit during the period prior to vesting of such Class A Performance LTIP unit minus the aggregate amount of Pre-Vesting Distributions paid on such Class A Performance LTIP unit, and (iii) be entitled, following the vesting of such Class A Performance LTIP unit, to receive the same amount of distributions paid on a common unit of the Operating Partnership. Time-Based Equity Incentive Awards On January 28, 2016, the Company’s Operating Partnership, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, granted 72,966 time-based awards (the “2016 Time-Based LTIP Unit Award”). The grants were made pursuant to award agreements that provide for time-based vesting (the "LTIP Unit Time-Based Vesting Agreement"). The 2016 Time-Based LTIP Unit Awards will vest ratably on each of January 28, 2017, January 28, 2018 and January 28, 2019 (provided that the recipient remains employed by the Company through the applicable vesting date, subject to acceleration of vesting in the event of the recipient’s death, disability, termination without cause or resignation with good reason, or in the event of a change of control of the Company). Prior to vesting, a holder is entitled to receive distributions on and to vote the LTIP Units that comprise the 2016 Time-Based LTIP Unit Awards. Compensation expense is based on an estimated value of $16.69 per 2016 Time-Based LTIP Unit Award. On March 1, 2017, the Company's Operating Partnership, upon recommendation of the Compensation Committee, granted 89,574 time-based awards (the "2017 Time-Based LTIP Unit Awards"). The grants were made pursuant to the award agreements that provided for time-based vesting. The 2017 Time-Based LTIP Unit Awards will vest ratably on each March 1, 2018, March 1, 2019 and March 1, 2020 (provided that the recipient remains employed by the Company through the applicable vesting date, subject to acceleration of vesting in the event of the recipient's death, disability, termination without cause or resignation with good reason, or in the event of a change in control of the Company). Prior to vesting, a holder is entitled to receive distributions on the LTIP Units that comprise the 2017 Time-Based LTIP Unit Awards. Compensation expense is based on an estimated value of $18.53 per 2017 Time-Based LTIP Unit Award. Performance-Based Equity Incentive Awards On January 28, 2016, the Company’s Operating Partnership, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, also granted 39,285 performance-based awards (the "2016 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards"). The grants were made pursuant to award agreements that provide for performance-based vesting (the "LTIP Unit Performance-Based Vesting Agreement"). The 2016 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards are comprised of Class A Performance LTIP Units of the Operating Partnership (“Class A Performance LTIP Units”) that will vest only if and to the extent that (i) the Company achieves certain long-term performance criteria established by the Compensation Committee and set forth in the LTIP Unit Performance-Based Vesting Agreement and (ii) the recipient remains employed by the Company through the applicable vesting date, subject to acceleration of vesting in the event of the recipient’s death, disability, termination without cause or resignation with good reason, or in the event of a change of control of the Company. Compensation expense is based on an estimated value of $11.09 per 2016 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards, which takes into account that some or all of the awards may not vest if long-term performance criteria are not met during the vesting period. The 2016 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards shall vest based on the following: (a) The number of Class A Performance LTIP Units that most nearly equals (but does not exceed) one-third of the Class A Performance LTIP Units issued pursuant to such 2016 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Award shall vest on January 28, 2017, if the Total Shareholder Return for the 12-month period beginning January 28, 2016 and ending on January 27, 2017 is 8% or more. These Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards vested on January 27, 2017. (b) The number of Class A Performance LTIP Units that most nearly equals (but does not exceed) one-third of the Class A Performance LTIP Units issued pursuant to such 2016 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Award shall vest on January 28, 2018, if the Total Shareholder Return for the 12-month period beginning January 28, 2017 and ending on January 27, 2018 is 8% or more. (c) The number of Class A Performance LTIP Units that most nearly equals (but does not exceed) one-third of the Class A Performance LTIP Units issued pursuant to such 2016 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Award shall vest on January 28, 2019, if the Total Shareholder Return for the 12-month period beginning January 28, 2018 and ending on January 27, 2019 is 8% or more. (d) All of the Class A Performance LTIP Units issued pursuant to such 2016 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Award (less any Class A Performance LTIP Units that previously vested under paragraphs (a), (b) or (c) above), shall vest on January 28, 2019, if the average Total Shareholder Return for the 36-month period ending on January 27, 2019 is 8% or more. For purposes of the 2016 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards, "Total Shareholder Return" means, with respect to the measurement periods described in paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) above, the total percentage return per common share of the Company based on the closing price of the Company’s common shares on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) on the last trading day immediately preceding the first day of the applicable measurement period compared to the closing price of the Company’s common shares on the NYSE on the last trading day of such measurement period and assuming contemporaneous reinvestment in Company common shares of all dividends and other distributions at the closing price of the Company’s common shares on the date such dividend or other distribution was paid. On March 1, 2017, the Company's Operating Partnership, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, also granted 134,348 performance-based awards (the "2017 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards"). The grants were made pursuant to award agreements that provide for performance-based vesting. The 2017 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards are comprised of Class A Performance LTIP Units that will vest only if and to the extent that (i) the Company achieves certain long-term performance criteria established by the Compensation Committee and (ii) the recipient remains employed by the Company through the vesting date, subject to acceleration of vesting in the event of the recipient's death, disability, termination without cause or resignation with good reason, or in the event of a change of control of the Company. Compensation expense is based on an estimated value of $19.65 per 2017 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Award, which takes into account that some or all of the awards may not vest if long-term performance criteria are not met during the vesting period. The 2017 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards may be earned based on the Company's relative TSR performance for the three-year period beginning on March 1, 2017 and ending on February 28, 2020. The 2017 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards, if earned, will be paid out between 50% and 150% of target value as follows:
| Relative TSR Hurdles (Percentile) |  | Payout Percentage
Threshold | 25th |  | 50%
Target | 50th |  | 100%
Maximum | 75th |  | 150%
Payouts at performance levels in between the hurdles will be calculated by straight-line interpolation. The TSR hurdles are based on the Company's performance relative to the average TSR for the companies included in the SNL US Hotel REIT Index. TSR will be calculated to include share price appreciation plus dividends assuming the reinvestment of dividends as calculated by a third-party such as SNL Financial. The Company will estimate the aggregate compensation cost to be recognized over the service period determined as of the grant date under ASC 718, excluding the effect of estimate forfeitures, and will calculate the value at the grant date based on the probable outcome of the performance conditions. A holder of a Class A Performance LTIP Unit will generally (i) only be entitled, during the period prior to the vesting of such Class A Performance LTIP Unit, to receive 10% of the distributions made on a common unit of limited partnership interest (“Common Unit”) in the Operating Partnership (the “Pre-Vesting Distributions”), and (ii) be entitled, upon the vesting of such Class A Performance LTIP Unit, to a special one-time “catch-up” distribution equal to the aggregate amount of distributions that were paid on a Common Unit during the period prior to vesting of such Class A Performance LTIP Unit minus the aggregate amount of Pre-Vesting Distributions paid on such Class A Performance LTIP Unit. In addition, prior to the vesting of a Class A Performance LTIP Unit, the holder of such Class A Performance LTIP Unit will not be entitled to vote on such Class A Performance LTIP Unit. The LTIP units' fair value was determined using a Monte Carlo approach. In determining the discounted value of the LTIP units, the Company considered the inherent uncertainty that the LTIP units would never reach parity with the other common units of the Operating Partnership and thus have an economic value of zero to the grantee. Additional factors considered in reaching the assumptions of uncertainty included discounts for illiquidity; expectations for future dividends; limited or no operations history as of the date of the grant; significant dependency on the efforts and services of our executive officers and other key members of management to implement the Company's business plan; available acquisition opportunities; and economic environment and conditions. The grant date fair value of the performance LTIP awards were determined using a Monte Carlo simulation method with the following assumptions (based on the three year risk free U.S. Treasury yield over the measurement period of the LTIP awards):
| Grant Date | Volatility | Dividend Yield | Risk Free Interest Rate | Discount
Outperformance Plan | 6/1/2015 | 26% | 4.5% | 0.95% | —%
2016 Time-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 1/28/16 | 28% | —% | 0.79% | 7.5%
2016 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 1/28/16 | 30% | 5.8% | 1.13% | —%
2017 Time-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 3/1/17 | 24% | —% | 0.92% | 7.5%
2017 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 3/1/17 | 25% | 5.8% | 1.47% | —%
The Company recorded $2.5 million, $1.2 million and $0.7 million in compensation expense related to the LTIP units for years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there was $4.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to LTIP units. This cost is expected to be recognized over approximately 1.9 years, which represents the weighted average remaining vesting period of the LTIP units. As of June 1, 2017, the Company determined that a revaluation event occurred as defined in the Code, and 112,251 and 223,922 LTIP units awarded in 2016 and 2017, respectively, and held by six officers of the Company had achieved full parity with the common units of the Operating Partnership with respect to liquidating distributions and all other purposes. As of December 31, 2017, 33% and 0% of these units awarded in 2016 and 2017, respectively, have vested. Accordingly, these LTIP units awarded in 2010, 2016 and 2017 were allocated their pro-rata share of the Company's net income. The cumulative number of LTIPs that have achieved full parity are 593,948 of the total LTIPs granted of 777,248. Board of Trustee Share Compensation For 2017, 2016 and 2015, each independent trustee was compensated $0.1 million for their services. Each trustee may elect to receive up to 100% of their compensation in the form of shares, but must receive at least 50% in the form of shares. In January 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company issued 23,980, 26,488 and 16,542 common shares, respectively, to its independent trustees as compensation for services performed in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The quantity of shares was calculated based on the average of the closing price for the Company’s common shares on the NYSE for the last ten trading days preceding the reporting date. On January 16, 2018, the Company distributed 21,670 common shares to its independent trustees for services performed in 2017.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2208855 + Details
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