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Equity Incentive Plan | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Equity Incentive Plan | Equity Incentive Plan The Company maintains its Equity Incentive Plan to attract and retain independent trustees, executive officers and other key employees and service providers. The plan provides for the grant of options to purchase common shares, share awards, share appreciation rights, performance units and other equity-based awards. The plan was amended and restated as of May 17, 2013 to increase the maximum number of shares available under the plan to 3,000,000 shares. Share awards under this plan generally vest over three years, though compensation for the Company’s independent trustees includes share grants that vest immediately. The Company pays dividends on unvested shares and units, except for performance-based shares and outperformance based units, for which dividends on unvested performance-based shares and units are accrued and not paid until those shares or units vest. Certain awards may provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control. In January 2020 and 2019, the Company issued 24,516 and 27,870 common shares, respectively, to its independent trustees as compensation for services performed in 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, there were 760,748 common shares available for issuance under the Equity Incentive Plan. Restricted Share Awards From time to time, the Company may award restricted shares under the Equity Incentive Plan as compensation to officers, employees and non-employee trustees. The Company recognizes compensation expense for the restricted shares on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based on the fair market value of the shares on the date of issuance. A summary of the Company’s restricted share awards for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019 is as follows:
| Three Months Ended |  |  |  | Year Ended |  |
| March 31, 2020 |  |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |
| Number of Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at beginning of the period | 5,001 |  |  | $ | 18.33 |  |  | 8,334 |  |  | $ | 18.52 |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Vested | (1,667) |  |  | 20.20 |  |  | (3,333) |  |  | 18.80 |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-vested at end of the period | 3,334 |  |  | $ | 17.40 |  |  | 5,001 |  |  | $ | 18.33 |
As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $50.3 thousand and $105.5 thousand, respectively, of unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted share awards. As of March 31, 2020, these costs were expected to be recognized over a weighted–average period of approximately 1.7 years. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized approximately $8.3 thousand and $15.7 thousand, respectively, of expense related to the restricted share awards. Long-Term Incentive Plan Awards LTIP units are a special class of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership which may be issued to eligible participants for the performance of services to or for the benefit of the Company. Under the Equity Incentive Plan, each LTIP unit issued is deemed equivalent to an award of one common share thereby reducing the number of shares available for other equity awards on a one-for-one basis. A summary of the Company's LTIP Unit awards for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019 is as follows:
| Three Months Ended |  |  |  | Year Ended |  |
| March 31, 2020 |  |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |
| Number of Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at beginning of the period | 598,320 |  |  | $ | 18.30 |  |  | 476,398 |  |  | $ | 17.73 |
Granted | 325,507 |  |  | 13.42 |  |  | 221,853 |  |  | 18.73 |
Vested | (254,218) |  |  | (18.82) |  |  | (99,931) |  |  | 16.55 |
Forfeited | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Non-vested at end of the period | 669,609 |  |  | $ | 15.73 |  |  | 598,320 |  |  | $ | 18.30 |
Outperformance Plan LTIP Awards On June 1, 2015, the Company's Operating Partnership granted 183,300 Class A Performance LTIP units, as recommended by the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”), pursuant to a long-term, multi-year performance plan (the “Outperformance Plan”). As of June 1, 2018, the Class A Performance LTIP units did not meet the required market based Total Shareholder Return ("TSR") measurements and therefore, the accrued dividends and units have been forfeited. The Company will continue to amortize the remaining expense related to these awards over the next two months due to the awards being market based. Time-Based LTIP Awards On March 1, 2020, the Company’s Operating Partnership, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, granted 130,206 time-based awards (the “2020 Time-Based LTIP Unit Award”). The grants were made pursuant to award agreements that provide for time-based vesting (the "LTIP Unit Time-Based Vesting Agreement"). Time-based LTIP Unit Awards will vest ratably provided that the recipient remains employed by the Company through the applicable vesting date, subject to acceleration of vesting in the event of the recipient’s death, disability, termination without cause or resignation with good reason, or in the event of a change of control of the Company. Prior to vesting, a holder is entitled to receive distributions on the LTIP Units that comprise the 2020 Time-Based LTIP Unit Awards and the prior year LTIP unit Awards set forth in the table above. Performance-Based LTIP Awards On March 1, 2020, the Company's Operating Partnership, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, also granted 195,301 performance-based awards (the "2020 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards"). The grants were made pursuant to award agreements that have market based vesting conditions. The Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards are comprised of Class A Performance LTIP Units that will vest only if and to the extent that (i) the Company achieves certain long-term market based TSR criteria established by the Compensation Committee and (ii) the recipient remains employed by the Company through the applicable vesting date, subject to acceleration of vesting in the event of the recipient’s death, disability, termination without cause or resignation with good reason, or in the event of a change of control of the Company. Compensation expense is based on an estimated value of $13.66 per 2020 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Award, which takes into account that some or all of the awards may not vest if long-term market based TSR criteria are not met during the vesting period. The 2020 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards may be earned based on the Company’s relative TSR performance for the three-year period beginning on March 1, 2020 and ending on February 28, 2023. The 2020 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards, if earned, will be paid out between 50% and 150% of target value as follows:
| Relative TSR Hurdles (Percentile) |  | Payout Percentage
Threshold | 25th |  | 50%
Target | 50th |  | 100%
Maximum | 75th |  | 150%
Payouts at performance levels in between the hurdles will be calculated by straight-line interpolation. The Company estimated the aggregate compensation cost to be recognized over the service period determined as of the grant date under ASC 718, excluding the effect of estimated forfeitures, using a Monte Carlo approach. In determining the discounted value of the LTIP units, the Company considered the inherent uncertainty that the LTIP units would never reach parity with the other common units of the Operating Partnership and thus have an economic value of zero to the grantee. Additional factors considered in estimating the value of LTIP units included discounts for illiquidity; expectations for future dividends; risk free interest rates; stock price volatility; and economic environment and market conditions. The grant date fair values of the LTIPs and the assumptions used to estimate the values are as follows:
| Grant Date | Number of Units Granted | Estimated Value Per Unit | Volatility | Dividend Yield | Risk Free Interest Rate
Outperformance Plan LTIP Unit Awards | 6/1/2015 | 183,300 | $14.13 | 26% | 4.5% | 0.95%
2016 Time-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 1/28/2016 | 72,966 | $16.69 | 28% | —% | 0.79%
2016 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 1/28/2016 | 39,285 | $11.09 | 30% | 5.8% | 1.13%
2017 Time-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 3/1/2017 | 89,574 | $18.53 | 24% | —% | 0.92%
2017 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 3/1/2017 | 134,348 | $19.65 | 25% | 5.8% | 1.47%
2018 Time-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 3/1/2018 | 97,968 | $16.83 | 26% | —% | 2.07%
2018 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 3/1/2018 | 146,949 | $17.02 | 26% | 6.2% | 2.37%
2019 Time-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 3/1/2019 | 88,746 | $18.45 | 21% | —% | 2.57%
2019 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 3/1/2019 | 133,107 | $18.91 | 21% | 6.2% | 2.55%
2020 Time-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 3/1/2020 | 130,206 | $13.05 | 20% | —% | 1.06%
2020 Performance-Based LTIP Unit Awards | 3/1/2020 | 195,301 | $13.66 | 20% | 8.1% | 0.90%
The Company recorded $1.4 million and $0.9 million in compensation expense related to the LTIP units for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there was $7.9 million and $8.2 million, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to LTIP units. This cost is expected to be recognized over approximately 2.3 years, which represents the weighted average remaining vesting period of the LTIP units.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for share-based payment arrangement. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 + Details
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