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Note 15 - Fair Value Measurement and Financial Instruments 1 | 9 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022
Notes to Financial Statements |  |
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block] | 15. Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments The following tables provide the fair value measurement hierarchy of the Company’s assets and liabilities:
As of September 30, 2023 |  | Fair value measurement using |
Financial instruments |  | Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant observable inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |
$8.63 Warrants liability |  | $ | 704 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
PIPE Warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 59 |
Liberty Warrants and Liberty Advisory Fee Warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,182 |
Total Warrant Liabilities |  | $ | 704 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,241 |
Sponsor Earnout Liability |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 223 |
As of December 31, 2022 |  | Fair value measurement using |
Financial instruments |  | Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant observable inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |
$8.63 Warrants liability |  | $ | 1,833 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
PIPE Warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 311 |
Liberty Warrants and Liberty Advisory Fee Warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,191 |
Total Warrant Liabilities |  | $ | 1,833 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,502 |
Sponsor Earnout Liability |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,353 |
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values:
| • | The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other liabilities are considered to approximate their fair values due to the short term nature of these items.
| • | The fair values of the PIPE Warrant, the Liberty Warrants and Liberty Advisory Fee Warrant have been estimated using the Black-Scholes model. Significant unobservable inputs include:
| ◦ | Time to expiry - 3.4 years
| ◦ | Volatility - 67%
| ◦ | Risk free rate of return: 4.8%
| • | The fair values of the Sponsor Earnout has been estimated using the Monte Carlo model. Significant unobservable inputs include:
| ◦ | Time to expiry - 3.3 years
| ◦ | Volatility - 67%
| ◦ | Risk free rate of return: 4.8%
| • | The fair values of the $8.63 Warrants were determined using quoted prices in the active warrant market.
| • | The carrying value of operating lease liabilities is calculated as the present value of lease payments, discounted at its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date. We consider that the incremental borrowing rate remained unchanged, therefore the carrying amount of operating lease liabilities approximates their fair value.
| • | Changes in the fair value of Level 3 liabilities during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
|  | Liberty Warrants and Liberty Advisory Fee Warrant |  |  | PIPE Warrant |  |  | Columbia Warrant |  |  | Sponsor Earnout |  |  | Forfeiture Earnout |  |  | Cantor Loan |
At June 30, 2022 |  | $ | 15,377 |  |  | $ | 952 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,111 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Issues |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Remeasurement (gain)/loss |  |  | (4,026 | ) |  |  | (415 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (537 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Write-off of deferred costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Settlements |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
At September 30, 2022 |  | $ | 11,351 |  |  | $ | 537 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,574 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
At June 30, 2023 |  | $ | 2,339 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Remeasurement (gain)/loss |  |  | (1,157 | ) |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (281 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
At September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 1,182 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 223 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
| • | Changes in the fair value of Level 3 liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
|  | Liberty Warrants and Liberty Advisory Fee Warrant |  |  | PIPE Warrant |  |  | Columbia Warrant |  |  | Sponsor Earnout |  |  | Forfeiture Earnout |  |  | Cantor Loan |
At January 1, 2022 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 143,237 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,522 |
Issues |  |  | 30,853 |  |  |  | 1,312 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,022 |  |  |  | 6,135 |  |  |  | — |
Remeasurement (gain)/loss (1) |  |  | (19,502 | ) |  |  | (775 | ) |  |  | (18,635 | ) |  |  | (5,448 | ) |  |  | (5,130 | ) |  |  | 489 |
Write-off of deferred costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 203 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Settlements (2) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (124,805 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,005 | ) |  |  | (8,011 | )
At September 30, 2022 |  | $ | 11,351 |  |  | $ | 537 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,574 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
At January 1, 2023 |  | $ | 6,191 |  |  | $ | 311 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,353 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Remeasurement (gain)/loss (1) |  |  | (5,009 | ) |  |  | (252 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,130 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
At September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 1,182 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 223 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
| (1) | Recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
| (2) | These liabilities were settled in connection with the Merger. See Note 4 (Recapitalization Transaction).
There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 or 2022. | 15. Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments The following tables provide the fair value measurement hierarchy of our assets and liabilities:
As of December 31, 2022 |  | Fair value measurement using |
Financial instruments |  | Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant observable inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |
$8.63 Warrants liability |  | $ | 1,833 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
PIPE Warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 311 |
Liberty Warrants and Liberty Advisory Fee Warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,191 |
Total Warrant Liabilities |  | $ | 1,833 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,502 |
Sponsor Earnout liability |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,353 |
As of December 31, 2021 |  | Fair value measurement using |
Financial instruments |  | Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant observable inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |
Liabilities measured at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cantor Loan |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,522 |
Columbia Warrant liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 143,237 |
Liabilities for which fair values are disclosed |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 180,356 |  |  | $ | — |
Promissory notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40,925 |  |  |  | — |
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values:
| • | The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other liabilities are considered to approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these items.
| • | The fair values of the PIPE Warrant, the Liberty Warrants and Liberty Advisory Fee Warrant, and the Columbia Warrant have been estimated using the Black-Scholes model.
| • | The fair value of the Sponsor Earnout has been estimated using the Monte Carlo model.
| • | The fair values of the $8.63 Warrants were determined using the quoted prices in the active warrant market.
| • | The carrying value of operating lease liabilities is calculated as the present value of lease payments, discounted at its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date. We consider that the incremental borrowing rate remained unchanged, therefore the carrying amount of operating lease liabilities approximates its fair value.
| • | The fair value of the Cantor Loan was determined by using the “with” method. At each measurement date, we valued the Cantor Loan with the make-whole premium. The difference between the aggregate fair value of the Cantor Loan and the unpaid principal balance was $22 thousand at December 31, 2021.
| • | The fair value of the Notes debt is determined by using the “with” and “without” method. As of each measurement date, we first valued the Notes with the conversion options in certain scenarios (the “with” scenario) and subsequently valued the Notes without the conversion options (the “without” scenario). The difference between the fair values of the Notes in the “with” and “without” was de minimis at each measurement date.
Changes in the fair value of Level 3 liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
|  | Liberty Warrants and Liberty Advisory Fee Warrant |  |  | PIPE Warrant |  |  | Columbia Warrant |  |  | Sponsor Earnout |  |  | Forfeiture Earnout |  |  | Cantor Loan |
At January 1, 2021 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Issues |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161,432 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,513 |
Remeasurement (gain)/loss(1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (17,992 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9 |
Amortization of deferred costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (203 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
At December 31, 2021 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 143,237 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,522 |
Issues |  |  | 30,853 |  |  |  | 1,312 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,022 |  |  |  | 6,135 |  |  |  | — |
Remeasurement (gain)/loss(1) |  |  | (24,662 | ) |  |  | (1,001 | ) |  |  | (18,635 | ) |  |  | (6,669 | ) |  |  | (5,130 | ) |  |  | 488 |
Write-off of deferred costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 203 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Settlements (2) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (124,805 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,005 | ) |  |  | (8,010 | )
At December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 6,191 |  |  | $ | 311 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,353 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
(1) | Recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(2) | These liabilities were settled in connection with the Merger. See Note 4 (Recapitalization Transaction).
There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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